Objective: To study the diterpenes in the roots of Rabdosia japonica var. glaucocalyx. Methods: The constituents of R. japonica var. glaucocalyx were separated and purified with chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Results: Two compounds were isolated from the roots of R. japonica var. glaucocalyx, and they were identified as glaucocalyxoside (1) and inflexuside A (2). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new abietane diterpene glycoside named glaucocalyxoside, and compound 2 is isolated from R. japonica var. glaucocalyx for the first time.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome

Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; China ; Humans

The incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing around the world and tends to decrease in East Asia and several regions in China;however, China still has higher incidence rate and mortality rate of HCC than most countries.Studies have shown that long-term antiviral therapy can inhibit HBV replication to a very low level or help patients with HCV infection achieve sustained virologic response, which can further reduce the incidence rate of virus-related HCC.New evidence suggests that compared with nucleos(t)ide analogues, PEG-IFNα has a better effect of secondary prevention.Studies also indicate that interferons play an important role in tertiary prevention of virus-related HCC.This article reviews the epidemiological studies on virus-related HCC in recent years and the role of antiviral therapy in second and tertiary prevention and points out that adequate and effective antiviral therapy is the basis for preventing the development and recurrence of HCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of losing ratio of orthodontic brackets bonding after prolonged etching time (prolonged etching time method) and microabrasion with normal acid etching time (etching after microabrasion method) to different degree of dental fluorosis.Methods A total of 30 patients with dental fluorosis were selected from the cases treated in the Department of Stomatology,Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.They were classified as 3 groups from mild to severe degree according to Dean's criteria,10 people per group.Patients within each group were randomly assigned to 2 subgroups,5 people per subgroup;prolonged etching time method and etching after microabrasion method were used,respectively,in each subgroup.The total and first losing ratios of brackets at five time points (1,2,4,12 and 24 weeks) were observed.The losing ratio differences of orthodontic brackets between the two disposing measures bonding to different degree of dental fluorosis were analyzed.Resuts The total bracket loss rates were 38.3％ (46/120) and 21.4％ (25/117),respectively,in severe dental fluorosis disposed by prolonged etching time method and etching after microabrasion method.It was significantly higher than that of the same processing method of mild and moderate dental fluorosis groups,in which the total bracket loss rates were 12.5％ (15/120),18.1％ (21/116),7.6％ (9/118) and 5.8％ (7/120),respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =21.12,11.87,8.96,12.24,all P ＜ 0.01).The total loss rate of etching after microabrasion method was lower than that of prolonged etching time method in mild dental fluorosis group,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =1.56,P ＞ 0.05).The total loss rates of etching after microabrasion method were lower than that of prolonged etching time method in moderate and severe dental fluorosis groups,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =8.49,8.13,all P ＜ 0.05).The medians of first bracket loss rates were 8.3％ and 4.3％,respectively,in severe dental fluorosis disposed by prolonged etching time method and etching after microabrasion method.They were significantly higher than that of the same processing method of mild and moderate dental fluorosis groups,in which the medians of first bracket loss rates were 2.5％,4.3％,1.7％ and 0.8％,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (U =2.619,2.627,2.312,2.627,all P ＜ 0.05).The average percentage of first bracket loss rates of etching after microabrasion method was lower than that of prolonged etching time method in mild dental fluorosis group,the difference was not statistically significant (U =-0.949,P ＞ 0.05).The average percentages of first bracket loss rates of etching after microabrasion method were lower than those of prolonged etching time method in moderate and severe dental fluorosis groups,and the differences were statistically significant (U =-2.214,-2.410,all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Whether in prolonged etching time method subgroup or etching after microabrasion method subgroup,the more serious injury of dental fluorosis is,the higher loss rate of orthodontic bracket will be.For the clinical treatment of mild and severe dental fluorosis,the effect of etching after microabrasion method is better than prolonging etching time method.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the utilization and variation tendency of oral hypoglycemic agents in Wuhan area,and to provide reference for drug selection and enterprise production and sale. METHODS:The utilization of oral hypoglycemic agents in 34 hospitals from Wuhan area during 2011-2013 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs and DDC etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum and DDDs of oral hypoglycemic agents increased by 20% and 7% respectively year by year. Acarbose had a market share of over 40%. The drug use frequency of metformin ranked the second place only to acarbose. DPP-4 inhibitor had a promising future,with a consumption sum proportion of more than 10%,while the market share of traditional Chi-nese medicine had fallen below 3%. Except for repaglinide,gliclazide,glimepiride,Xiaoke pills,etc.,the selling of other medica-tions are consistent with the user. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of oral hypoglycemic drugs is basically rational in 34 hospitals from Wuhan area during 2011-2013.

Since Gibbon designed the first heart lung bypass machine in cats in 1937, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has improved a great deal and has developed tremendously. But there are still many complications including hematologic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this brilliant technique. Research of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CPB has progressed with the aid of a number of investigative techniques and models, both animal and human. Large animal models have been, and remain, extremely valuable for the study of "full-scale" technologies, particularly prior to clinical application. However, the expenses are too large, and the managements of animals are too difficult in the perioprative period. A preclinical model of CPB for small animals is desirable. The main advantage of a rat model is the low costs of animals and equipment, and the convenience of research which does not require a full-scale operating environment, and a large availability of assays. It is very suitable to study the fluid dynamic, inflammatory, and organ system responses in which physiological mechanisms rather than the technology itself are the focus for investigation. Some of these researches has been done, therefore, in a truly clinically relevant model of bypass, one in which the surface area and priming volume of the circuitry, together with the surgical approach to the procedure, are matched with the clinical model, has not been achieved yet. We review the different models of CPB for rats, discuss their characteristics, give suggestions and requirements for a new up-to-date model that could be a useful tool in continued research on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of CPB.

Objective: To observe influence of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with white coat hypertension (WCH). Methods: A total of 51 newly diagnostic WCH patients were randomly divided into exercise group (n=26) and WCH control group (n=25). Patients in exercise group received aerobic exercise training (walking on flat ground by constant speed, twice a day, 50~80 min each time for three months); The WCH control group did not exercise. Office blood pressure (OBP) and 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were measured in both groups before and three months after treatment. Results: There were no significant difference in indexes of OBP and ABPM between two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After three months, compared with before treatment, indexes of OBP and ABPM significantly decreased in exercise group and they were significantly lower than those of WCH control group in OBP [OSBP: (132.54±17.60) mmHg vs. (143.68±20.35) mmHg, ODBP: (89.12±18.39) mmHg vs. (92.75±17.24) mmHg] and ABPM [ mSBP：(121.57±20.86) mmHg vs. (128.06±19.45) mmHg, mDBP：(76.24±15.28) mmHg vs. (84.55±17.31) mmHg; dSBP：(124.27±22.50) mmHg vs. (130.85±24.61) mmHg, dDBP：(77.95±18.42) mmHg vs. (82.36±17.59) mmHg], P<0.05~0.01. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise can significantly improve blood pressure in patients with white coat hypertension.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely performed for patients with various genetic and acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases.Central nervous system (CNS) complications are considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality after HSCT.This review discuss the main causes of CNS after HSCT such as infection,drug toxicity,graft-versus-host disease,metabolic encephalopathy,neurologic relapses etc,so as to benefit the early recognition of CNS complications and to improve the prognosis of patients after HSCT.

Objective To observe the change of serum anti-brain antibodies after cardiopulmonary resuscitation,and investigate the clinical significance.Methods A total of 27 cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest patients with success and survival more than 12 weeks were divided into two groups according to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score:mild and moderate group with GCS score ≥ 8 scores (12 cases) and severe group with GCS score≤7 scores (15 cases).The serum anti-brain antibody levels at 3,7 days and 2,3,4,12 weeks after recovered in the spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was compared between two groups,and compared with control group (15 cases of healthy persons).Results The serum anti-brain antibody levels at 3,7 days and 2,3,4,12 weeks after ROSC were significantly higher than those in control group [(1.34 ± 0.23),(1.30 ± 0.27) kU/L vs.(0.28 ± 0.05) kU/L,(1.38 ± 0.33),(1.44 ± 0.30) kU/L vs.(0.28 ±0.05) kU/L,(1.44 ±0.31),(1.51 ±0.33) kU/L vs.(0.28 ±0.05) kU/L,(1.53 ±0.27),(1.67 ±0.36) kU/L vs.(0.28 ±0.05) kU/L,(1.72 ±0.25),(1.93 ±0.44) kU/L vs.(0.28 ±0.05) kU/L,(1.98 ±0.45),(2.15 ±0.52) kU/L vs.(0.28 ±0.05) kU/L],and there were significant differences (P＜ 0.01).The serum anti-brain antibody levels in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild and moderate group,and there were significnat differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The serum anti-brain antibody levels after cardiopulmonary resuscitation rise significantly.Anti-brain antibody may be used as a biochemistry marker to judge degree and prognosis of brain injury with patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.