Caries risk assessment (CRA) involves a combination and analysis of factors including individual's age, biological factors, and protective and clinical findings. CRA significantly guides pediatric dentists and oral health caregivers in their decision-making plan for clinical treatment. The following is an introduction on the aspects of harmfulness of childhood caries and CRA for children of different ages.
Child ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of serum MMP-9,MMP-2 and inflammatory factor levels by intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods A total of 76 cases with acute myocardial infarction from May 2012 to October 2016 in our hospital were collected and randomly divided into control group and experiment group with 38 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated by clinical routine lipid-lowering(simvastatin 20mg/day); patients in the experiment group were treated by clinical intensive lipid-lowering(simvastatin 80mg/day),treated for two weeks.Observed the serum MMP-9,MMP-2 and inflammatory factor levels changed of the two groups before and after treatment,explored the validity and security of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Results After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the experiment group was better than control group,performanced as: the serum MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels of the experiment group were more lower than the control group; the serum hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-6 levels significant lower than the control group,the above results had statistical significance(P<0.05).The adverse reactions of the experiment group were slight,back to normal after stopped drugs.Conclusion Intensive lipid-lowering therapy in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction can significantly reduce serum MMP-9 MMP-2 and inflammatory factor levels,and high safety.

Objective: To study the effects of mechanical strain on the proliferation of human osteoblasts. Methods: Cloned MG 63 human osteoblasts were cultured and seeded at 10 5/well in 6 well Bioflex cell cuture plates. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to mechanical strain stimulation (at 6%, 12% and 24% elongation rate respectively) for 24 hours using Flexercell 3000 Cell Stretching Unit. MTT colorimetric method was used to assess the proliferation of the cells. Results: The proliferation of MG 63 cells was significantly increased 24 h after mechanical strain treatment( P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of combined subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) and Muller's phlebectomy for treatment of valvular insufficiency of the lower limbs by dividing perforating veins. Methods With ascending phlebography, insufficiency of perforating veins of the lower limbs were identified in 41 lower extremities with varicosity admitted from September 2005 to May 2006. In 31 limbs randomly chosen SEPS was performed to excise insufficient venous perforators under the deep fascia, combined with Muller's phlebectomy to strip the superficial varicose veins without encroaching on the great saphenous vein. In the same period, 10 diseased limbs, in which traditional great saphenous vein phlebectomy was performed to serve as controls. Results All the varicose veins disappeared postoperatively, with pigmentation lightened and ulcer healed. No recurrence was found after 5-11 months. Compared with the control group, the operation time, the number of sutures on the surgical wounds and hospital stay time were averagely decreased 1.5h, 4.3 and 4.8d, respectively (all P

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of characteristic symptoms and indexes of brain collateral damageat acute stage of stroke.MethodsSeventy cases who got stroke within 72 hours were included.Five nonspecific symptoms and 6 indexes were observed at two time points.ResultsThere were positive correlations between the number of nonspecific symptoms and the value of Hs-CRP,IL-6,OX-LDL,NSE.The correlation coefficients were 0.307,0.289,0.342,0.253 and P＜0.05.Nonspecific symptoms appeared in 1 to 3 groups,altogether 40 cases were involved,and the groups had significant deviation compared with the groupwithoutnonspecificsymptomsonOX-LDL(32.37 ± 31.17)μg/l, NSE(2.82 ± 1.25)ng/ml,MMP-9 (214.97± 137.88) ng/ml and P＜0.05.Single symptom especially dull expression and hypersomnia were proved to be related with the indexes.For example,the correlation coefficient was 0.318 between hypersomnia and Hs-CRP.The correlation coefficient was 0.384 between dull expression and IL-6.Conclusion Characteristic symptoms were well correlated and ganged with the indexes from different view or level.It acted as representative combination of brain collateral damage syndrome.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a bone and joint disease caused by multiple factors, which seriously threatens human health. It is mainly manifested as joint pain and dysfunction. In severe cases, it can cause deformity. The mechanism of OA is not very clear, and there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs; the exploration of etiology, pathogenesis and preventive measures of OA has always been an important research direction in this field. Studies have found that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the occurrence and development of OA. This article reviews the research progress of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in OA in recent years at home and abroad.

Bacteria ; classification ; growth & development ; Candida ; growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mouth ; microbiology

Objective To explore the expression of merlin and cyclins and the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of merlin in abiogenous vestibular schwannoma tissues. Methods Four paraffin imbedding vestibular Schwannoma samples were included in the study.The cyclins and merlin were analyzed by immunofluorescence at the same time,and the expression and location were synchronously observed with confocal laser microscopy(CLM) in a single schwannoma cell. Results Cyclins and merlin were perspicuously and synchronously presented in a single cell in vestibular schwannoma tissues.In early G1 phase of the tumor cell,merlin was mainly stained in the nucleus,followed by perinucleus and cytoplasm.In G1/S phase,merlin was concentrated in the perinucleus,less in the nucleus and cytoplasm.Merlin staining showed uniform distribution in the nucleus in G2/M phase,while was absent from the nucleus and concentrated in the perinucleus in late G2/M phase. Conclusion The expression of merlin and various kinds of cyclins can be synchronously presented in abiogenous vestibular schwannoma cells with immunofluorescence and CLM.Merlin is shuttling among the nucleus,cytoplasm and perinucleus along with the progression of cell cycle.

Objective To test the validity of the stress-cognition vulnerability-model of depression in Chinese undergraduates.Methods 647 undergraduate students finished the Chinese version of 6 scales in time one.Cognitive Style Questionnaire(CSQ),Response Styles Questionnaire(RSQ-SF),Self-Esteem Questionnaire(SEQ),Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale(DAS),General Social and Academic Hassles Scale for Students(GSASHS),Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-DA)follow-up assessment in 1 month later,the General Social and Academic Hassles Scale for Students(GSASHS)scale and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)scale were completed.Then,vulnerability factors for depression symptoms were used to predict depression symptoms by Multiple Hierarchical Regression(MHR).Path analysis and structural equation model(SEM)were used to explore integrated vulnerability-stress model of depression in Chinese undergraduates.Results Vulnerability-stress interaction was entered into regression equation.The results showed that the vulnerability-stress interaction provided incremental predictive validity to depressive.Symptoms path analysis showed that negative cognition→rumination→depression was a important pathways to cause depression(β=-0.31,P<0.01).The structural equation model for integrated vulnerability-stress model of depression analysis indicated the fit index:GFI =0.95,CFI=0.94,IFI=0.94,RMSEA=0.085.Conclusion A cognition vulnerability-stress medels of depression in Chinese undergraduates was provided and to be confirmed.The rumination was a important mediated variable.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate (Art) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs),and discuss the countermeasures of bleb scarfing in glaucoma.Methods In vitro,HTFs were cultivated and applicated by different concentrations (50 μg · mL-1,100 μg · mL-1,150 μg ·mL-1,200 μg · mL-1) of Art for 48 hours.The effect of Art on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT method.The rate of apoptosis induced by Art was determined by flow cytometry.Western Blot was performed to detect the relative expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 after Art was treated.Results After treated with Art for 48 hours,compared with blank control group,Art (50 μg · mL-1,100 μg · mL-1,150 μg · mL-1,200 μg · mL-1) group exhibited notable anti-proliferative effect on HTFs with concentration-dependence (all P ＜ 0.05).The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates (8.80％ ±0.88％,11.60％ ±0.56％,16.30％ ±1.03％,23.40％ ±1.62％) of HTFs were significantly enhanced with the increase of Art concentration (all P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of Bax were obviously high with the increase of Art concentration,while Bcl-2 levels were significantly low with the increase of Art concentration (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Art can inhibit the proliferation and induce cell apoptosis of HTFs possibly by enhancing the expression of Bax and reducing the expression of Bcl2.Art may be a potential drug in preventing fibrous scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery.