Objective:To establish a 3 dimensional finite element model of calcaneus and talus for analysing their stress distribution during different gait phases. Methods: CT scanning and computer image processing system were used to establish the model to simulate the situation of calcaneus and talus for 3 phases (heel strike, midstance, push off) during the gait. A finite element solver was used to calculate stress. Results: A three dimensional finite element model of calcaneus and talus was established. And the stress distribution within the bone was obtained and regions with elevated stress at 3 phases were located. The stress distributions of 3 phases were significantly different. The stress increased gradually from heel strike to push off. Conclusion:The model can be used to study biomechanics of calcaneus and talus. The regions of elevated stress of calcaneus and talus are important, which provide an insight into the factors contributing to the fractures and arthritis.

Objective:To explore diagnostic value of basic head-up tilt table test (HUT)and sublingual nitroglycerin head-up tilt table test (SNHUT)on vasovagal syncope (VVS).Methods:A total of 61 patients,who collapsed be-cause of unknown causes and were highly suspected as VVS,were regarded as VVS group,received HUT,and an-other 22 healthy subjects were regarded as healthy control group.Results:Among the 61 cases of VVS group,57 ca-ses were tilt test positive and the positive rate was 93.44%.Among them,there were 16 cases (26.23%)with posi-tive basic HUT and 41 cases (67.21%)with positive SNHUT.The 22 cases in healthy control group also received basic HUT and SNHUT,one case (4.54%)was basic HUT positive and three cases were SNHUT positive.Positive rates of SNHUT was higher than that of HUT,but there was no significant difference in VVS group (χ2 =0.175,P =0.683).Conclusion:HUT is a noninvasive,repeatable method easily accepted by patients for diagnosing VVS currently.It can elevate positive rate of test when combined with SNHUT.

Objective To analyze the stress distribution of calcaneus and talus with posterior facet after compression fracture during gait by finite element method. Methods A wedge was resected to simulate the malunion calcaneus with compression fracture of posterior facet. The Bo?hler’s angle was reduced from 35? to 10?. The calcaneus and talus malunion were used to simulate for three phases of the stance during the gait (heel strike, midstance, push off). A finite element solver to calculate. The results were compared with normal condition. Results The stress distribution within the bone in condition of malunion was obtained, and sites of enhanced stresses for three phases were located. The results were significantly different from that of normal condition. Conclusion The results revealed the importance of reconstruction of calcaneal structure and helped us understand the cause of sequela of calcaneal fractures

Objective To explore the the application of sternocleidomastoid lateral path for thyroid cancer surgery lateral neck lymph node cleaning.Methods 40 patients with thyroid carcinoma were detected in the lateral neck lymph node cleaning using sternocleidomastoid lateral path(experimental group)and 40 cases of patients with thyroid cancer in the lateral neck lymph node cleaning cleaning scope with traditional operation method(control group),comparing with success rates,operation time,quality of life and incidence of complications.Results Experimental group can achieve the purpose of curing in the operation,operation field showed more clearly,the lymph node zone Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ number (32,58,50,35)were higher than traditional surgery group(17,35,33,20).Experimental group can significantly shorten the operation time[(30.0±1.20)min vs(45.0±3.10)min].The difference of incidence of near and forward future overall complications was statistically significant between the two group(P<0.05).Conclusion Sternocleidomastoid lateral path in thyroid carcinoma in the lateral neck lymph node cleaning can achieve the purpose of curing,significantly improve the lymph node zone Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,shorten the operation time,reduce the recent and long-term complications and improve patient's quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To analyze occupational risk factors onto Central Sterile Supply Department(CSSD) staff caused by actual working conditions and provide correspondingly protective measures.METHODS Take actions,such as circulating the air inside working site,eliminating contamination which brought into by biological and chemical methods,and avoiding physical fatigue etc,which summarized by practical study and analysis on the(various) factors during daily work routine,e.g.physical factor,chemical factor,biological factor and psychological factor.RESULTS All methods mentioned in this article could improve self-protection awareness of CSSD staff and(enhance) the physical condition of staff as well as reduce pollution on environment.CONCLUSIONS For preventing the threats of occupational risk factors,it′s critical to reduce or eliminate the negative factors in CSSD.

Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is painful and challenging disease.High success rate of antimicrobial therapy in most cases has not been achieved in skeleton due to its physiological and anatomical characteristics.The key to successful management is early diagnosis and treatment.Different types of post-traumatic osteomyelitis require different medication and different surgical therapeutic strategies.Post-traumatic osteomyelitis is associated with avascular necrosis of bone and formation of sequestrum(dead bone).Surgical debridement is necessary in addition to antibiotic therapy.Generally,multidisciplinary techniques are required,including orthopaedic surgery,plastic surgery,as well as vascular surgery,especially for complex cases with soft-tissue defect.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of posttraumatic focal brain edema. Methods 120 patients who underwent multiple CT scans after head injury with hematoma or brain contusion in our hospital from 1998 to 2002 were enrolled in this study. Their CT image parameters and clinical data were recorded, and statistically analyzed. Results 96.7%(116/120) patients had perihematoma or pericontusion edema. Edema appeared 7 hours after head injury and reached its climax at the ninth day. Edema shape trended taper during its development, and cortex escaped from edema. Conclusion Focal brain edema was very common in the patient with head injury. Taper shape's formation and escape of cortex may mainly attribute to the difference in construction topology and blood supply between cerebral white and gray matter.

Objective To search a kind of ideal seeded cell of bone tissue engineering. Methods Bone marrow tissue was fetched from rabbit,got bone marrow stromal cells by the method of density centrifuge,observed the conformation,growing feature and osteogeneric capability of the cells during culture in vitro by light microscope,transmission electron microscope and measure of osteogeneric capability. Results Most of the cultivated bone marrow stromal cells were triangle-like or shuttle-like cells. They growed and breeded rapidly,and had osteogeneric capability. They were easy to differentiate to osteoblasts. Conclusion The cultivated bone marrow stromal cells are matured ones,and could become the more ideal seeded cells for bone tissue engineering.

Objective:To observe the occurrence of ADRs in a hospital and analyze its correlative factors.Meth- od:131 ADR cases collected in a hospital in 2006 were categorized statistically analyzed.Result:121 of the 131 ADR ca- ses were induced by chemical drugs,and the other 10 cases,induced by the traditional Chinese drugs.In the 121 ADR ca- ses induced by chemical drug,the most were induced by intravenous injection,which occupied 49.62%.Antimicrobial drugs were the first category of drugs to cause ADRs,totaling 77 cases from 42 drugs.ADR most commonly manifested themselves in the injury of skin and appendents,which accounted for 52.89%(64 cases).There were 10 comparatively serious ADR cases.Conclusion:The occurrence of ADRs was related to many factors,such as administration route and drug varieties.ADRs monitoring and publicizing of ADRs knowledge should be strengthened so as to lessen and avoid the occurrence of ADRs.

As an advanced conformal therapy, Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can increase the gain ratio of radiotherapy and improve the local control of the tumor. This paper applies genetic algorithm to optimization of IMRT inverse planning. The algorithm model and simulation result are introduced.