The neuroendoerine cells (NE cell) of the lung have been studied in 61 human fetuses by silver stain, immunocytochemical method and electron microscopic technique. The NE cells are mainly located in epithelium of conducting portion with various appearance. Some NE cells are neuron like with several processes. The 5-HT positive NE cells are often found in the epithelium of the primitive alveoli with pyramidal, squamous and tadpole-like appearance. Based upon their ultrastructure, the NE cells are rich in organelles and dense core vesicles (DCV). The NEB is often covered by a layer of cuboidal cells, but no nerve fibers are found among the cells in the NEB.The argyrophil cells usually appear in the 12th week, and reach the maximum number by 20th week. Before the 19th week, the argyrophil cells in the upper segment of the conducting portion are more numerous than those in the lower segment, while after 19th week the condition is just reverse. A regression curve made from the number of argyrophil cells and the thickness of intrapulmonary arteries in different fetal ages shows positive correlation.

The methods and experiences of anatomy,histology and embryology teaching in English for foreign students are discussed in this article to exchange experiences with each other and progress together.

BACKGROUND: The augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a kind of important secondary liver regeneration factors, and it can particularity promote the liver regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To clone the RNA extracted from neonatal rat liver to ALR gene, and to analyze the gene using the bioinformatics. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The study, gene molecule in vitro experiment, was performed at the Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Life Science of Henan University between March 2008 and May 2008. MATERIALS: The liver tissues were harvested from 3-day-old Wistar rat of SPF grade. METHODS: Total RNA was exacted from rat liver tissues using guanidinium isothiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction method. According to the guideline of molecular biology experiment, the target fragment was amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Alter purified, the target gene was recovered with gel recovery kit and subcloned to pGEM-T easy, and then was transformed to E.coli. The extracted piasmid was sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology And Service Co., Ltd. The sequence was analyzed with molecular biological software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymerase chain reaction amplification band; analysis of gene sequence; sedne, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation predictions; phytogenetic analysis of ALR. RESULTS: The potymerase chain reaction product was in concordance with target fragment. The analysis of the gene sequence proved it is the ALR gene. The overall length of the ALR gene was 378 bp, it was highly conservative in many species, for instance the Homo sapiens, the Mus musculus, the Bos Taurus and the Danio redo. CONCLUSION: In this experiment, we have cloned the ALR gene successfully.

Objective The diolistic assay has been modified to make it simpler and more efficient in labeling neurons and glia. Methods CNS neurons and glial cells were labeled with DiI diolistic assay in fixed tissue and living brain slices of C57/B6J mice. Results The method allowed the visualization of the fine structure of neurons and glia including synaptic structures such as dendritic spines. Conclusion With the method, the labeling efficacy of cell's fine structure is improved, making it preferable for the analysis of dendritic spine. In addition, the ability to label the living neuron and glia will extend its application vastly.

Objective To establish a simple ,rapid,highly specific and sensitive molecular detection of carbapenem-resistance acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)OXA-23 genes,and this method is used to detect the multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter bau-mannii in our hospital,and the purpose is to know the antibiotic resistance of CRAB OXA-23 genes .Methods The loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)was established for detection of the CRAB OXA-23 genes,and a set of specific primers were de-signed by special software,PrimerExplorer version 4.The LAMP assay was developed on using SYBR Green Ⅰ for fluorescent chromogenic reaction substances,improved through a series of optimization tests,and through macroscopic observation and electro-phoresis test comparison results.At the same time,the application of LAMP was used to test 41 multiple drug-resistant acineto-bacter baumanniis which were collected from December 2013 to March 2014 in our hospitalized patients.Results The ladder ban-ding was produced in CRAB OXA-23 genes strains by the LAMP detection through electrophoresis test,however,no ladder ban-ding was observed in the others .The color of the amplification product in genes strain CRAB OXA-23 changed from orange to green by adding 1 μL SYBR Green Ⅰ,however it was still orange in others.The sensitivity of the LAMP detection in pure cultrue was 5 cfu/μL of the CRAB OXA-23 genes cells.Application of LAMP was used to separate multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumanniis from hospitalized patients ,32 strains were tested in 41 strains,the positive rate was 78.04%.Conclusion Separation of the CRAB OXA-23 genes carry rate is higher in our hospital ,and they have very high resistance of commonly used antibacterial drugs.The LAMP method to test OXA-23 gene of CRAB was established in this research was simple ,fast,sensitive and specific. Therefore,it is especially suitable wider use at the grass-roots unit,and it is of great significance for selecting reasonable choice of antibiotics by clinical doctor.

The problems about scientific research design,data disposal and paper writing of medical scientific research are described in the article.

Objective In order to investigate the influence of reelin deficiency on the hippocampal development, the histochemical characteristics of hippocampal pyramidal cells and granule cells of reeler mice were analyzed, therefore, reelin's function would be better understood with more morphological evidences. Methods With immunofluorescent double labeling, the pyramidal cells, granule cells and mossy cells in hippocampi between wild type and reeler mice were labeled. Results The development and lamination of hippocampal cortical plate were in disorder. Pyramidal cells and granule cells dispersed, and moreover, granule cells proliferated rapidly and migrated into hilus, so that the bound between granule layer and hilus disappeared. Conclusion As a stop signal and regulatory signal, reelin plays important roles in neuronal migration of developing cortical plate, especially in the regulation of granule cell proliferation.

Objective In order to make a epileptic model in organotypic slice culture and to further investigate the epileptic pathology. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Fluoro-Jade B staining and BrdU labeling were carried out in the hippocampal slices with domoic acid treatment after 7 days of culture.Results Domoic acid could induce a series of pathological changes, such as, dispersion of granule cells(0.105±0.063) mm vs (0.057±0.012) mm, t = 4.8, P<0.01), neurogenesis in granular layer and cell loss of pyramidal cell and Mossy cell as well. Conclusions In hippocampal organotypic slices, domoic acid induced such pathological changes as human temporal lobe epilepsy and epileptic animal model. It is an ideal epileptic model for pathological, pharmacological and electronic physiological studies with great applicable prospect.

In order to understand the alcohol's toxicity to the quantitative alternations of synapses in mouse visual cortex, the expression of synaptophysin after prenatal alcohol exposure was investigated. In present study, the experimental mice at P0, P7, P14 and P30 were grouped, as control, 2 g x kg(-1) alcohol treatment and 4 g x kg(-1) alcohol treatment. The pre-synaptic elements which were used to represent synapses were marked with synaptophysin (a synaptic vesicle associated protein) by immunocytochemistry technique. The synaptophysin positive boutons in layer VI of visual cortex were imaged under laser confocal microscope. With stereological methods, the number cal density of synapse in visual cortex was calculated in different groups at various ages. Moreover, Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of synaptophysin in visual cortex. The results showed that prenatal alcohol exposure could cause synaptic loss with long-term effect and in a dose dependent manner. For instance, there were significant difference among the different treatment groups of P0, P14 and P30 as well (P < 0.05). Western blotting supported the results of immunofluorescent labeling. In conclusion, prenatal alcohol exposure can induce the synaptic loss dose dependently and with long-term effect. Our findings implicate that the synaptic loss with long-term effect in CNS probably contributes to the lifelong mental retardation and memorial lowliness associated with childhood FAS.

Aim To study ethanol-induced changes in the development and neuronal number of visual cortex in C57BL /6 mice. Methods Female mice were fed with ethanol during pregnancy . The neuron density (ND) and cortical thickness (CT) in visual cortex of off spring mice were measured at either P0, P7 and P14 with hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) and Nissl staining. Results Embryonic death and malformationswere found in the ethanol-treated groups. Malformations, such as microcephaly,anencephaly and myeloschisis with spinabifida, etc were found in late-term embryos. The malformation rate was 12%. Compared with control group, the development of visual cortex in ethanol-treated groups was delayed, and its lamination was in disorder. The neuron polarity was disturbed. Neuron loss was found after ethanol exposure. At various ages, the neuron density in ethanol-treated groups was lower than that in control group(P