Objectives:To investigate the effect of early enteral feeding on intestinal mucous energy systhesis in burned rats. Mothods:Wistar rats with 30% total body surface area Ⅲ degree burns were randomly divided into 3 groups:early feeding(EF) group,delayed feeding(DF) group,control group.The ATP,ADP,AMP of intestinal mucosa were detected by HPLC and energy charge were calculated according to formula. Results:The contents of ATP,ADP and energy charge in both experimental groups were all fluctuated at much lower level than those in control group,and the above indices exhibited significant decrease in DF group as compared with EF group at all time points except post burned 6 h.On the contrary,the contents of AMP increased more significantly in DF group than in EF group. Conclusions:Early feeding could increase the energy storage and alleviate the catabolism of energy rich phosphates of intestinal mucosa.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of the complex rigid talipes equinovarus deformities.Methods From July 2005 to July 2011,28 patients (41 feet) with rigid talipes equinovarus deformities which had been corrected with the Ilizarov technique were retrospectively analyzed,including 18 males (26 feet) and 10 females (15 feet) with an average age of 15.3 years.According to the classification system proposed by Diméglio,31 feet were categorized as grade Ⅲ,and 10 as grade Ⅳ.We performed corrections with a soft tissue release in 23 feet,and with a limited osteotomy in 18,and then a Ilizarov external fixator was applied.Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays were taken to compare the pre and postoperative data in terms of the angle of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion,the range of motion of the ankle joint,radiological measurements of the talocalcaneal angle.Results All the 28 patients achieved an outpatient follow-up,with an average of 25 months.All patients achieved a plantigrade foot with an almost normal appearance as the fixator was removed after applied for an average of 5.1 months (range,2-14).At the preoperative and final follow-up respectively,the angle of dorsiflexion of the foot was -45.0°±12.0° and 9.5°±5.5°,the angle of plantarflexion was 67.0°±14.0° and 45.5°±7.8°,talocalcaneal angle was 6.5°±4.5° and 22.5°±5.5° in anteroposterior radiograph and 5.5°±11.0° and 40.6°±8.5° in lateral radiograph.Spastic ischemia occurred in one foot and relieved by a slower distraction rate.Wire-hole infections occurred in 5 feet and treated by dressing changs,wire tract altering and antibiotic therapy,finally the infections were controlled.Deformity relapsed in one foot three months after the device was removed,then corrected with an additional fixator application and has not recurred till the final follow-up.Toe contracture and residual deformity occurred in 5 feet and 3 feet,respectively.Conclusion The Ilizarov technique is an effective method for correction of complex rigid talipes equinovarus deformities,with which the appearance and function of the foot could be kept as much as possible,and without impact on food development.

The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‍-reporter systems to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5'-NRN-3', 5'-NTA-3', and 5'-NCK-3' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5'-NCA-3' and 5'-NTK-3' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAM of 5'-NYC-3' is not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.
CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA ; Gene Editing/methods* ; Humans ; Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolism*