Objective To investigate the clinical benefits and the impacts on distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacterium associated with fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during neutropenia in patients with acute leukemia.MethodsA total of 62 infection episodes occurred in patients with acute leukemia were retrospectively analyzed from October 2013 to October 2015.The patients admitted in ward A (group A,n=31) received Cephalosporin drugs as contrast, and received quinolones in ward B (group B,n=31).ResultsTo observe the implementation of quinolones in treatment of patients, the bacteria decreased significantly, the Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common, but compared with the control group, there are still differences (P<0.05, and the observation group of patients with oral ulcer infection rate was 9.68%, upper respiratory tract infection rate was 6.45%, the infection rate of lung 6.45%, the digestive tract infection rate was 6.45%, the infection rate was 3.23%, perianal skin infection rate was 3.23%, the infection rate was 3.23%, which is significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05, and the observation group of patients with severe neutropenia, duration of neutropenia lack degree is significantly better than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe fluoroquinolone prophylaxis induces diminishing proportion of normal flora and increasing frequency of Escherichia coli in severely neutropenic patients with acute leukemia,may not influence the distribution of other bacteria.The susceptility of main pathogens may not be affected by antibiotic prophylaxis.The fluoroquinolone don't decrease the incidence of septicemia and infection in gastrointestinal tract.Our data suggest that more prudent use of antibiotic prophylaxis may be reasonable even in patients at high-risk for developing infection.

Dioscin is the main raw material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs. Currently, the direct acid hydrolysis is the mainly industrial production method for dioscin. However, the use of strong acid can not only destroy the structure of dioscin resulting in very low yield, but also produce a large amount of waste water and residues, which seriously pollute the environment. So the clean production of dioscin is the urgent demand of water conservation and environmental protection. In the paper, the recent research pro-gresses in the clean production technology and process of dioscin were summarized, and the advantages and problems were discussed in order to provide reference for the improvement and application of the new technology and process.

Objective To set up a simple and accurate method for the determination of saikosaponins in Bupleurum chinense DC. by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. Methods The content of saikosaponins was determined by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry. The absorbency was measured at 536nm. Results The calibration curves was linear within 194~1940mg/L(r=0.9996). The average recovery was 97.35%,and the RSD was 1.02%(n=9). Conclusion The method was proved to be simple, precise and reproduciable. It can be used for the quantitative determination of B upleurum chinense DC.

Objective To evaluate expression of E-cadherin and COX-2 in placentas of hypertensive disorder complieating pregnancy,and study the relationship between them.Method The E-cadherin and COX-2 of twenty-one cases gestational hypertension,along with 17 cases preeclampsia,and 20 cases normal pregnancy placentas were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher and the expression of COX-2 was lower in preeclampsia cases than that in normal pregnancy(P＜0.01).The expression of E-cadherin negatively correlated with the expression of COX-2 (r=-0.371.P＜0.05).Conclusions The alteration of E-cadheria and COX-2 in placentas are correlated with preeelampsia.The up-reguhted expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated expression of COX-2 maybe regulated by the same factor.

Objective To explore a clean and efficient new method for extraction of Diosgenin. Methods Yield of the total saponins was evaluated to determine the optimal enzymolysis temperature,pH,solid to liquid ratio,dosage of enzyme and enzymolysis time.Using diosgenin yield as an index,solid to liquid ratio,concentration of sulfuric acid and hydrolysis time were optimized in the saponins hydrolysis process via orthogonal experiment. Results The best conditions for the enzyme pretreatment were as follows:the temperature for enzymolysis was 70℃,pH 5.5,solid to liquid ratio was 1:4,dosage of enzyme was 8 mL?kg-1,and extraction time was 24 h.The best conditions of total saponins hydrolysis were as follows:the solid to liquid ratio was 1:4,concentration of sulfuric acid was 2.0 mol?L-1 ,and hydrolysis time was 5 h. Conclusion The new method is environmental friendly and highly efficient,and expected to be applied in industrial production.

The enterohepatic circulation is an important form of drug absorption and excretion.Drugs with enterothepatic circulation can induce toxic side effects,and elucidate the mechanism of induced side effects is a necessary understanding of the phenomenon of adverse drug reaction.Enterohepatic circulation of drugs involves in two ways:one is based on the drug prototype for enterohepatic circulation;the other is phase Ⅱ metabolic pathway for enterohepatic circulation.In this paper,two kinds of enterohepatic circulation were reviewed.The toxic side effects of six kinds of drugs with enterohepatic circulation were introduced,and the possible mechanism were described and discussed,so as to have contributed to more rational use of drugs in clinical practice.Furthermore,it can promote the research and development of new drugs.

Objective To study the initial application of 3.0T high field intensity intraoperative magnetic resonance(iMR)for cranial tumors.Methods Forty-three patients with cranial tumors including 23 glioma cases,12 pituitary tumor cases,3 brain stem cavernous hemangioma cases,2 meningioma cases,2metastatic tumor cases,1 neurilemmoma case,received operation examined with GE Signa HDX 3.0T iMR system.The operation process and influence of iMR were reviewed.Results In 43 patients,average iMR examination was 1.3(1-3)times.In 16 patients the first iMR examination revealed tumor remnants,and in 13 of them continued surgical interventions and complete resection.The rate of complete resection was increased from 63％(27/43)to 93％(40/43).No complications related to iMR occurred.Conclusion 3.0T high field intensity iMR can provide accurate positioning and real-time navigation for the surgery,increase the rate of complete resection,improve the accuracy and safety of cranial tumor resection,and decrease complications.

AIM: To examine the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) on experimental asthma in guinea pigs. METHODS: Guinea pigs were sensitized with BCG and then with ovalbumin (ip). Two weeks later, guinea pigs were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) aerosol inhalation. Thirty one Guinea pigs were divided into three groups at random control group,OVA-treated group, BCG and OVA-treated group.RESULTS: Ovalbumin inhalation caused a marked airway infiltration of eosinophils and all the animals exhibit asthmatic symptoms. Pretreatment with BCG induced typical increase in lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). BCG markedly inhibited eosinophil infiltration and attenuated the asthmatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that BCG exerts an inhibitory effect on asthmatic inflammation.

AIM To establish an ultra-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous content determination of five constituents in Jiangzhi Huoxue Tablets (Polygoni multiflori Radix,Astragali Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The 50％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Restek UItra BiPh column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile (containing 0.1％ formic acid)-0.1％ formic acid flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Stilbene glycoside,tanshinone Ⅱ A,emodin,ferulic acid and puerarin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 4.01-1 027,0.7-187,1.48-380,3.98-1 020 and4.285-1 097 ng/mL (r ＞0.994 0),whose average recoveries were 98.57％-101.0％ with the RSDs (n =6) of less than 4.79％.CONCLUSION This specific and sensitive method can be used for the quality control of Jiangzhi Huoxue Tablets.

Objective:To compare the content of total saponins in Paridis Rhizome from Wudang mountain area to explore the cor-relation between the quality of medicinal materials and the production areas and species. Methods: The content of total saponins in Paridis Rhizome was determined by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at 406nm with perchloric acid as the chromogenic reagent. Results:The saponins content in Paridis Rhizome from Wudang mountain area had obvious differences:the minimum was 1. 29%, and the maximum was up to 10. 22%. The content of total saponins had no obvious correlation with species, production area and altitude. Conclusion:The quality of Paridis Rhizome is unstable in Wudang mountain area, and that will affect the effectiveness and safety of the clinical medication. Only by promoting the standardized planting of Chinese medicine materials, the stable quality of Paridis Rhizo-me can be ensured.