AIM: To determine the suitable condition and the optimal parameters for the extraction and purifiction process of total flavonoid compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis. METHODS: It was investigated by orthogonal experiment design of form L_9(3~4) with the extraction percentage of the total flavonoid compounds and baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis as the standard. RESULTS: The optimal condition of extraction was with water as much as ten times of the medicine amount and was boiled for 2 h and three times,and the optimal condition of purifiction was as follows: solution concentration 0.25 g(crude medicinal materials) /mL,adjusting pH to 2,80 ℃ heat preservation up to 60 min, 50% alcohol as precipitant and the precipitated adjusted pH to 4.0. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal process is rational,practical and adapted to industry production.

Foot Diseases ; history ; surgery ; Foot Injuries ; history ; surgery ; Forecasting ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; history ; trends ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; history ; trends ; Surgical Flaps ; history

Objective To study the factors influencing the curative effect of one-stage bihteral total hip arthroplasty in a sequential procedure.Methods Thirty-six patients were indicated for one-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty from February 1998 to March 2008.All cases were made with Smith-Peterson incision.Results The operative time was(3.2±1.2)h.The volume of blood transfusion during operation was (620 4±120)ml.All the 36 patients were followed up for(22.0±6.0)months.Except for 1 case of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs,1 case of limb length discrepancy,there were no severe complications,such as postoperative infection,pulmonary embelism,dislocation,loosening or subsiding of components.Postoperative Harris scoreg of the joint function[(88.0±3.6)points]was significantly improved compared with their preoperative Harris scores[(28.0±4.2)points](P<0.05).Conclusions One-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty is an effective method.However.the satisfactory effects can only be achieved by strict case selection,sufficient preoperative preparation,attention to operation procedures,prevention of complications and active recovery after operations.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the people with subjective memory complaints.Methods Convalescents aged over 60 years old with subjective memory complaints were enrolled in this study. Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were used to screen the participants with MCI, who were allocated into the MCI group. Those without MCI were taken as controls. The sex, age, education backgrounds, chronic disease, physical activity, smoking, drinking and social activity were compared between two groups; and the prevalence rate of MCI and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of MCI was 71.15% (37/52) in the MCI group. The proportions of participants aged ≥70 years old, education period ≤12 years, with chronic disease, less physical activity and social activity were significantly higher in MCI group than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in sex, living alone, smoking or drinking between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Subjective memory complaint is closely related to MCI in the elderly. In those with subjective memory complaint, age, education background, presence of chronic disease, physical activity and social activity are the main influencing factors of MCI.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling or inverted ILM flap for the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in high myopia.METHODS: A retrospective clinical study. A total of 38 cases(38 eyes)with MHRD in high myopia were treated with PPV combined with ILM peeling or PPV combined with inverted ILM flap in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. They were divided into control group(PPV combined with ILM peeling)and observation group(PPV combined with inverted ILM flap)according to the surgical method. Follow-up to 3mo after surgery, the surgery time, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), the rate of macular hole closure and retinal reattachment were compared between two groups.RESULTS: The surgery time of two groups were compared and there were no statistically significant difference(30.71±4.55min vs. 35.20±5.44min, P=0.384). The BCVA in the two groups were significantly improved at the last follow-up(all P<0.01). But there was no difference in the postoperative BCVA(LogMAR)of the two groups(1.39±0.24 vs. 1.46±0.27, P=0.700). The rate of macular hole closure in the observation group was higher than that of control group(100% vs. 71%, P=0.024). There was no difference in the rate of recurrent retinal detachment of the patients in two groups(0 vs. 10%, P=0.492).CONCLUSION: Both surgeries can improve the BCVA, while PPV combined with inverted ILM flap has higher rate of macular hole closure.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yishen Huoxue decoction (YHD) on chronic renal failure (CRF) rats induced by 5/6 nephrectomy.

METHODSThe glomerulosclerosis model was established by 5/6 nephrectomy in rats. Experimental animals were allocated into the normal group, the model group, the YHD group and the benazepril group. Urine protein of 24 h (UP) at the 6th and 12th weekend after operation, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr), albumin (Alb) and haemoglobin (HB) at the 12th weekend were measured, renal pathology changes were examined with light microscope, the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and fibronectin (Fn) were examined by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) by RT-PCR at the 12th weekend.

RESULTSCompared with those in the normal group, the levels of UP, BUN and SCr, the area of glomerular mesangial matrix, the FN deposition, PCNA expression in glomeruli and tubular interstitium and mRNA expressions of CTGF and PAI-1 were all significantly higher in the model group (P < 0.05). All the above-mentioned indexes were lower in the YHD group than those in the model group (P < 0.05). PCNA positively expressed cells in glomeruli of the normal, model group, YHD group and benazepril group was 7.00 +/- 2.24,34.78 +/- 6.96,15.75 +/- 2.61 and 15.50 +/- 2.57 respectively, positively correlated to the expression of CTGF, PAI-1, FN and SCr level.

CONCLUSIONYHD could delay the progression of CRF in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, and the mechanisms were mainly related to the inhibition on renal cell proliferation and it induced over-expression of cytokines, and accumulation of extracellular matrix.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Extracellular Matrix ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Phytotherapy ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVE: To compare the occupational health risk assessment results of 3 risk assessment methods in workers exposed to methyl isoamyl ketone(MIAK). METHODS: A rubber antiaging agent manufacturer and its workers in Shandong Province were selected as study subjects. An on-site occupational health survey was conducted and MIAK levels in workplace detected. We chose Romania occupational accidents and occupational disease risk assessment method(hereinafter referred to as “the qualitative assessment method”), Singapore harmful chemicals contact ratio method occupational exposure to risk assessment(hereinafter referred to as the “half-quantitative assessment method”) and the occupational hazards risk index method to conduct occupational health risk assessment for MIAK exposure in workers in the enterprise, and use risk ratio method to compare the results of the 3 different risk assessment methods at the same time. RESULTS: All the results of qualitative assessment method on the risk grade of inspectors, dose inspectors, recovery inspectors in the production workshop, laboratory analysts and warehouse keepers were grade 2. The results of semi-quantitative assessment method on the risk ratio of inspectors, dose inspectors, recovery inspectors in the production workshop were grade 2, while the risk ratios of laboratory analysts and warehouse keepers were grade 1. The assessment result of occupational hazard risk index method on the risk level of inspectors in the production workshop was grade 4, and the assessment results of dose inspectors, recovery inspectors in the production workshop, laboratory analysts and warehouse keepers were grade 3.CONCLUSION: Compared with the qualitative assessment method and the semi-quantitative assessment method, the occupational hazard risk index method has a higher risk ratio of occupational health risk of MIAK and the assessment results were relatively more comprehensive, reasonable and objective.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on vascular endothelial injury in septic rats. Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis group (model group), low dose PHCD (0.3 mg/kg) group, medium dose PHCD (1.0 mg/kg) group and high dose PHCD (3.0 mg/kg) groups, ten mice for each group. Normal saline was injected into the tail vein of the control group, and 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into the tail vein of the rats in other groups to prepare the sepsis rat models. After the models were successfully established, low, medium and high doses (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) of PHCD solution were injected into the tail vein of the rats of corresponding groups. Wet/dry mass ratio (W/D) of lung tissue of rats in each group was measured, and ELISA was used to assay interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 content and rat plasma angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of Ang2 in the right lung tissues. Western blot analysis was performed to detect Ang2 and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) protein in lung tissues. Results Compared with the control group, the W/D ratio of the lung tissues of rats in the model group and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly increased; the lung tissues showed obvious pathological damage, with up-regulation of Ang2 expression and down-regulation of VE-Cadherin expression. Compared with the model group, the W/D ratio of the lung tissues of rats in three PHCD treatment groups and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly reduced; the pathological damage of lung tissue was significantly reduced, with down-regulation of Ang2 expression and up-regulation of VE-cadherin expression. Conclusion PHCD can reduce LPS-induced lung inflammation in rats with sepsis by regulating the Ang2/VE-Cadherin pathway, thereby improving vascular endothelial injury.
Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Male ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Angiopoietin-2/pharmacology* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Lung ; Acute Lung Injury/metabolism* ; Sepsis/metabolism*

Alagille Syndrome ; Humans

Phytochemicals, orally administered substances, are found to undergo presystemic metabolism mainly in the intestine. Although early researches confirmed the role of intestinal bacteria in phytochemical presystemic metabolism, along with the development of molecular biology in investigating intestinal metabolism, a breakthrough has been won in research into metabolizing enzymes and transporters in intestine, which demands more attention and further studies. Recently, Cytochrome P450 3A has been found to be the most effective enzyme in mediating both oxidative (PhaseI) and conjugative (PhaseII) metabolism in the intestine. The present review summarizes the current findings correlated with the effect of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A on phytochemical presystemic metabolism, which provides a good basis for further research on phytochemical pharmacokinetics.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; physiology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; physiology ; Drug Interactions ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; physiology ; Humans ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism