BackgroundWith the increasing prevalence of dry eye and the continuous improvement of living standards,the problem of dry eye more and more get the attention of people.At present,China still lacks the large population-based epidemiological data of dry eye. Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors of dry eye in a community of Huidong County of population aged 14 and over.Methods From September 2010 to January 2011,using questionnaires and examination of dry eye related,2800 people were selected randomly for cross-sectional survey.Those suspected as dry eye were examed by the SchirmerⅠtest ( S Ⅱ T),tear-film breakup time(BUT),corneal fluorescein staining(F1).Results In the 2475 questionnaire effectively,154 persons were diagnosed as dry eye,and the prevalence rate of dry eye was 6.22％,8.06％in females,4.14％in males.The prevalence rate increases with age.The S Ⅰ T and BUT decreased with increasing age.S Ⅰ T and BUT in females are less than males.Foreign body sensation is the primary complaints of patients.Logistic analysis showed that the most common risk factors in dry eye are age and gender.The system disease and eye diseases,eye fatigue and long exposure to dust are also main determinants.ConclusionsThe population prevalence rate of dry eye increased with age,the prevalence rate of dry eye in females is higher than that in males.The key factors associated with dry eye are age,gender,systemic disease and eye diseases,occupation,working environment.

Objective To establish abdominal aortic dissection model in ApoE-/-mice, and to evaluate the ability of 7.0T MR to detect the abdominal aortic artery aneurysms in ApoE-/-mice in vivo. Methods ApoE-/-mice aged 10 months were infused with angiotensin Ⅱ with 14 days Osmotic minipump after 10 weeks of high lipid diet. Two different doses of angiotensin Ⅱ were given to mice, i.e. 1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min), respectively. The contrast group was infused with saline water. The abdominal aortic artery was observed in vivo with MR before and within 14 days infusion. At last, the pathological changes of the abdominal artery were compared with MRI findings. Results After 6 or 7 days higher dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, aortic dissection was seen. MR T2WI showed crescent-shaped high signal in the vessel wall of one side，the pathological study identified the hematoma between media and adventitia. Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms were also found in the mice 13 or 14 days after lower dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, which were consistent with pathological studies. Besides, the signal of the vessel wall was significantly higher in both T2WI and PDWI sequences. There was excellent agreement between MR and histopathology. 〖WTHZ〗 Conclusion Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms model can be successfully established with different doses (1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min)) of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion into ApoE-/-mice fed with high lipid diet. High-resolution MR is able to visualize the abdominal aortic dissection aneurysm formation in vivo.

Objective To detect brain natriuretic peptide(BNPs) level in serum in order to confirm its applical value.Methods Forty-eight patients with congestive heart failure(CHF) were chosen,which included 36 patients with pneumonia,12 patients with congenital heart diseases.Forty heathy children were chosen as control group.BNPs level of two groups were detected by enzyme label.Results The level of BNP in patients with CHF(that′s positive group) was obviously higher than that in control group in the stage of CHF and recoverty(t=14.30,20.38 all P0.05),this included that the cardiac function had significantly changes in the stage of CHF,at the same time,the level of BNP had negative correlation to CI and LVEF(r=-0.61,-0.79 all P

Objective To explore the status of iodine nutrition in 8～10 years children after universal salt iodization(USI)in the iodine deficiency area.Methods Probability proportion to size method(PPS)or simple random sampling methods were used to sample children aged 8～10 years in iodine deficiency area in the vear 1995,1997,1999,2002 and 2005, respectively.Goiter were detected by palpation and B-ultrasound, iodine concentration in salt was detected by direct titration method and that in urine by the method of As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry.Results After USI has been implemented,the median of salt and urinary iodine tended to mcreaseand the goiter rate tended to decrease year by year.In 2005,the coverage rate of iodinated salt was elevated to 97.2%,qualified iodize salt rate was 97.1%and edible qualified iodinated salt rate was 94.3%in the whole iodine deficiency areas.The median of urinary iodine Was 227.7 μg/L 89.7%(323/360)of the population had a level of the urinary iodine over 100μg/L Goiter rate of 8～10 years children Wag decreased from 22.3%(282/1267)to 4.4%(53/1200) from 1995 to 2005.Conclusion After 10-year USI,the status of iodine nutrition in ShaJldong Province has been promoted obviously and it is in a suitable iodine nutritional status.

Metabolic abnormalities were identified and carotid intima-media-thickness(IMT)was measured in 221 individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome(MS).The results indicated that IMT was significantly thicker in MS individuals than that in non-MS individuals(P＜0.01).And there was a tendency of progressive increase in IMT with increasing components of metabolic syndrome.

Background: Post-operative pain is unpleasant for patients and may worsen surgical recovery.Peri-operative multimodal analgesia has been used for many years; however,its efficacy still needs improvement.In the present study,a thorough peri-operative pain counseling and stratified management program based on risk assessment was implemented,with the goal of improving post-operative analgesia and patient satisfaction.Methods: This prospective,controlled,pilot study included 361 patients who underwent elective surgery.Of these 361 patients,187 received peri-operative pain risk assessment and stratified analgesia and counseling(stratified analgesia group),while 174 received conventional multimodal analgesia(conventional group).The two groups were compared regarding the post-operative pain intensity,rescue analgesia administration,post-operative quality of recovery as assessed via the quality of recovery 40 questionnaire,total dosage of peri-operative opioids,analgesic satisfaction,and analgesic costs.Results: Compared with the conventional group,the stratified analgesia group reported decreased pain intensity during motion at 24 h post-operatively and required lower dosages of rescue analgesia(P = 0.03).The total quality of recovery 40 questionnaire score and the scores for physical wellbeing and pain were significantly better in the stratified analgesia group than the conventional group(P = 0.04); the stratified analgesia group also reported better scores for analgesic satisfaction(P = 0.03)and received lower dosages of opioids(P = 0.03).Analgesic costs were lower in the stratified analgesia group than the conventional group; the cost-effective ratio was 109 in the conventional group and 62 in the stratified analgesia group.Conclusions: The analgesic efficacy was improved by the implementation of stratified analgesia based on surgical pain risk assessment and counseling.This stratified analgesia protocol increased the patients' analgesic satisfaction and improved the quality of recovery without increasing healthcare costs.The present findings may help improve the efficacy of peri-operative multimodal analgesia in clinical practice.

Studies have shown that a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease and cancer are closely related to trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Clinically, abnormal elevation of TMAO has been used as an evaluation index of atherosclerosis (AS) prior to imaging. In this study, we investigated the effects of lipid metabolism disorders as well as pharmacological interventions on urinary TMAO using a hyperlipidemic golden gopher model. The study used 48 Syrian golden hamster modeled with a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, and then ezetimibe, simvastatin, ezetimibe and simvastatin groups were administered for 4 consecutive weeks, as well as the clinical trial drug, IMM-H007, for pharmacological intervention. The animal experiment was conducted in accordance with the regulations of the Ethics Committee for Experimental Animal Management and Animal Welfare of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: SCXK (Beijing) 2021-0011). Urine from rats was analyzed for 2D band selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D bs-HSQC) at week 2 and 4 after drug administration. The results indicated that, in comparison to the control group, the high-fat diet significantly elevated urinary TMAO levels in the model group of hamsters after both 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). Urinary TMAO levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group after 2 or 4 weeks of intervention with ezetimibe, simvastatin, combination therapy, and IMM-H007, showing a marked decrease even after 2 weeks of treatment. The detection of TMAO could precede the measurement of serum biochemical indicators, facilitating earlier efficacy assessment. This study evaluated the modulatory effects of clinical drugs and clinical trial drugs on TMAO, which provides useful information for clinical drug use and drug research. It also provides a means of TMAO detection based on 2D NMR technology, which is helpful for the clinical application of TMAO detection index.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Gengnianchun Recipe (GNC) on bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical parameters and serum lipid level in the bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic action of GNC on ovariectomy induced osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia.

METHODSOVX SD rats, 10 - 12 months old, were divided into different groups and fed with GNC 2 g/d, GNC 1 g/d and Nilestriol 0.125 mg/week, respectively for 4 months to observe the change of BMD and bone biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, and the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and to compare the effect of the two drugs on the morphology of the uterus.

RESULTSThere was marked reduction in BMD and biomechanical parameters in lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.01) and increase of serum TC and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01) in rats after OVX. GNC or Nilestriol significantly improved the decreased BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and reduced the serum TC and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01). In the Nilestriol group, the wet weight of uterus got increased obviously (P < 0.01), the number of uterine glands increased, uterine columnar epithelium thickened, and the mitotic figures in the epithelial stroma and myointimal cells augmented. But no such effect in wet weight and morphology of uterus was found in the GNC group.

CONCLUSIONGNC could increase the BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, reduce the serum TC and LDL-C levels, yet produce no adverse reaction in stimulating proliferation and hypertrophy of uterus.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lipids ; blood ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Uterus ; cytology ; drug effects

Four kinds of ionic liquids were adopted to analyze the content of rubimaillin and alizarin in Rubia cordifolia roots with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), was used. Methanol and 0.4% acetic acid-water as mobile phase with flow rate at 0.85 mL min(-1), gradient elution, detection wavelength at 250 nm, chromatographic column temperature was controlled at room temperature. The result showed that rubimaillin and alizarin had the highest extraction yield when the [ HMIM] PF6methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol x L(-1) as extraction solvent and the conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:80 (g x mL(-1)). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the content of alizarin from 0.01 to 0.04 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 97.12%, the content of rubimaillin from 0.41 to 1.35 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 98.10%. This experiment adopted environmentally friendly reagent as extraction solvent, the extraction efficiency was improved, and the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent was avoided, the harm of human body aslo was reduced. This method was simple and reliable, its repeatability was also very good, which had an important significance in the study of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient extraction methods.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; analysis ; Rubia ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics