0.05). This study suggest that unlike other autonomic ganglia, the enteric nerve ganglia may exhibit a relatively high capacity of autonomic regulation and compensatory adaptation, and also provide some histochemical evidences for the transneuronal degeneration changes.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of risk factors and coronary angiography (CAG)in young patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A total of 36 consecutive AMI female patients (age≤44 years)who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively retrieved from the database,and 90 AMI patients whose age >44 years who also underwent coronary angiography were enrolled as a control (elderly)group.Characteristics of risk factors and coronary angiography were com-pared between the two groups.Results The risk factors:BMI,family history of coronary heart disease and high triglycerides(TG)were major in the youth group.The percentage of single-branch lesion was lower in the young patients.The prevalence of left anterior descending (LAD)was higher in the young patients(P <0.05).Conclusions The main risk factors in young and elderly patients are significantly different.The out-comes of CAG in the young patients show the coronary lesion are mostly single vessel lesion,and early inter-vention may improve prognosis.

The large majority of elderly patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery take antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs on a regular basis. Antithrombotic treatments predisposes to bleeding complications that may lead to retrobulbar haemorrhage, suprachoroidal haemorrhage and ultimately, to loss of vision. However, discontinuation of antithrombotic medication in such patients may lead to thromboembolic events with serious consequences. There are no guidelines on perioperative management of ophthalmic patients who are on antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs. We reviewed traditional and newer agents in the context of cataract, vitreoretinal, glaucoma and oculoplastic surgery. Recommendations are given for continuation, cessation and recommencement of these agents in order to minimise the risk of bleeding and thrombotic complications.

Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Stem Cell Transplantation

BACKGROUND:Computer-assisted navigation technique has been widely applied in spinal surgery, but there is stil lack of systematic reviews on this technique in lumbar pedicle screw fixation.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application of computer-assisted navigation technique in lumbar pedicle screw fixation.
METHODS:Databases such as PubMed, Embase and China journal ful-text database CNKI were searched for articles about computer-assisted navigation in lumbar pedicle screw fixation, and related studies and literatures were hand-searched as wel , and then insertion accuracy, intraoperative blood loss, operative time consumption and rate of insertion-related complications between computer-assisted navigation technique group and conservative technique group were compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Final y 7 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included with 784 patients and 4 101 lumbar pedicle screws in total. Meta-analysis indicated that malposition rate [relative risk (RR)=0.44, 95%confidence interval (CI):(0.27, 0.69), P=0.000 4] and intraoperative blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-172.40, 95%CI:(-246.26,-98.53), P<0.000 01] had statistical y significant differences between computer-assisted navigation technique group and conservative insertion group. However, operative time consumption [WMD=-31.45, 95%CI:(-85.56, 22.66), P=0.25] and incidence of complications [RR=0.41, 95%CI:(0.12, 1.41), P=0.16] did not show significant differences between groups. Application of computer-assisted navigation technique in lumbar pedicle screw fixation would improve insertion accuracy. However, further study is stil needed to make clear whether this technique can improve final outcome in post-operative patients.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of GSK-3β,PTEN and PLK1 in pediatric AML . Methods Experiment group was bone marrows of 33 cases incipient children with AML .Control group was 10 cases normal bone marrows .GSK-3β,PTEN and PLK1 gene expressions in BMMNC of the two groups were tested using semi quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technique .GSK-3βprotein and P-GSK-3βexpressions were tested by ELISA .Re-sults The expression of GSK-3βmRNA ,GSK-3βprotein ,PLK1 mRNA in BMMNC of children with AML was higher than that of control group(P=0 .012 ;P= 0 .014 ;P= 0 .040);The expression of PTEN mRNA ,P-GSK-3β was lower than the control group (P=0 .012 ;P=0 .002);GSK-3βprotein had a negative correlation with PTEN mRNA (r= -0 .415 ,P=0 .016);GSK-3βmRNA , GSK-3βprotein had a positive correlation with PLK 1 mRNA(r=0 .388 ,P=0 .026;r=0 .427 ,P=0 .013) .The expression of GSK-3βprotein was high in which had high peripheral white blood cell counts ;both the expressions of GSK-3βmRNA and GSK-3βpro-tein were high in which had high risk ;but the expression of P-GSK-3βwere low .Conclusion In pediatric AML ,GSK-3βand PLK1 may play a role of oncogene and PTEN may play a role of tumor suppressor gene .

Three-dimensional syndrome differentiation is a new mode of syndrome differentiation of exopathic febrile diseases, which is based upon the six meridian syndrome differentiation initiated in Treatise on Cold Attack and defence-qi-nutrient-blood and triple-Jiao syndrome differentiation in the art of warm disease of traditional Chinese medicine. Syndromes appeared in the course of cold pathogenic diseases and warm diseases were differentiated through the survey of clinical cases and observation on syndrome features of exopathic febrile diseases, by applying means of analyzing, reasoning, concluding and deducting, from the stadium, location and nature of the disease. Three-dimensional syndrome differentiation theory explains and generalizes pathological mechanism and types of syndrome on acute exopathic febrile diseases roundly, has constructed theoretical frame and synthetical model of syndrome differentiation of exopathic febrile diseases. However, any new method of syndrome differentiation can not be leave nothing to be desired in the beginning, so it is proposed that we must develop epidemiologic investigation on syndromes of exopathic febrile diseases sequentially, make models of clinical commonly seen syndromes of exopathic febrile diseases and dispose fuzzy phenomenon of syndrome by applying mathematical method. By above measures, three-dimensional syndrome differentiation will be perfected gradually, therefore, it can provide scientific theoretical basis for the treatment of exopathic febrile diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of experimental benzolism on marrow eryghrocyte micromucleus.Methods Fifty male KunMingmice(KM)were randomly divided into 5 groups:one control group and four experimental groups with 10 mice in each group.The mice were injected subcutaneously with sodium chloride in control group and benzene in experimental groups on every Monday,Wednesday and Friday for four weeks.Four experimental groups were injected with a dosage of 0.5 ml/kg(group B1),1.0 nd/kg(group B2),1.5 ml/kg(group B3) and 2.0 ml/ks(group B4),respectively.Before and after injection of sodium chloride or benzene weekly.weight was measured,and the alteration of erythrocyte micronucleus in peripheral blood and marrow were detected.Results ① Compared to the control group,several indices were partly changed in B1 and B2 groups,while all indices changed significantly in group B3 and B4 groups four weeks after injection(P<0.01).②The erythrocyte micronucleus rate of experimental mice in peripheral blood and marrow showed ascending tendency with the extension of benzene injection phase,peak emerged in the third week and decreased in the fourth week.③In the 4th week,compared to the control group,the alteration of erythrocyte micronucleus in marrow in all experimental groups were significantly increaged(P<0.05).Conclusions Benzolism may induce the increasing of micronucleus rate of mature erythrocyte in peripheral blood and erythrocyte in marrow.which can be used to detect status of being restrained in marrow erythrocyte series.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of the content of emodin and chrysophanol in Cigu Xiaozhi pill.Methods The chromatographic procedure was carried out in Symmetry C18(4.6 mm?150 mm,5.0 ?m) column with methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(85∶15) as the mobile phase,flow rate was 0.8 mL/min,column temperature was 20 ?C,and the detection wavelength was 423 nm.Results Emodin and chrysophanol were well separated with other components.The standard curves of emodin and chrysophanol showed linearity in the range of 0.25～0.75 ?g.The average recoveries were 101.35%(RSD=2.26%) and 98.66%(RSD=1.74%) respectively.Conclusion The method is sensitive,simple and accurate,and can be used for the determination of emodin and chrysophanol in Cigu Xiaozhi pill.

Objective To explore the protective effects of lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP) on fibroblast in vitro irradiated by ultraviolet A(UVA). Methods Taking the primary cultured fibroblast as objects, the fibroblast was irradiated by UVA ( irradiation intensity: 2.4 J/cm2). The fibroblast was randomly divided into six groups, control group, UVA radiated group and four protective groups(0.1 mg/ml LBP, 0.2 mg/ml LBP, 0.4 mg/ml LBP and 0.8 mg/ml LBP). The activities of cell proliferation were measured by MTT methods. The contents of MDA, the activities of SOD in the fibroblasts, and the activities of LDH in the supernatants of fibroblasts were determined by biochemical methods. Results The fibroblasts were irradiated by UVA (irradiation intensity: 2.4 J/cm2),the activities of cell proliferation was decreased,the activities of SOD was decreased too, the content of MDA and LDH increased. Compared with UVA irradiated group,in the given concentration,LBP could improve the activities of cell’s proliferation,improve the activities of SOD and decrease the contents of MDA in the cell, and decrease the content of LDH in the supernatants of cells significantly (P