MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 22 nt) RNAs that exhibit a diversity in sequence,structure,abudance,and expression profile. Bioinformatic approaches and direct cloning methods have identified 3518 miRNAs from various species. MiRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of genes involved in diverse processes such as development,differentiation,and cellular growth control. Recently,many viral-encoded miRNAs have been discovered, most from the herpesviruses viral family. Virus-encoded miRNAs seem to evolve rapidly and regulate both the viral life cycle and the interaction between viruses and their hosts. The detailed study on the virus-encoded microRNAs and the role they play in the progress of viral infection,replication and expression will be beneficial to understand viral molecular biology,and also provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of virus.

Muscle recently has been identified as a good source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages.Researchers have identified two types of stem cells in skeletal muscle.Further research is necessary to delineate the relationship between different populations of musclederived stem cells(MDSCs)and between MDSCs and other adult stem cells.The methods used to isolate these cells appear to influence the stem cell characteristics.As these efforts continue,the potential for MDSCsbased therapy for other musculoskeletal injuries,as well as for cardiac and smooth muscle injuries,is currently being explored.The behavior,biocharacteristic,isolation,differentiation and the probability of application to regenerate lost or diseased tissue of MDSCs were summarized.

Objectives To investigate the effect of leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMA) compensation of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) on the size of cerebral infarction in patients with chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion (CMCAO) and to analyze the correlation between middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity and cerebral infarction area.Methods From June 2014 to June 2016,35 consecutive patients with CMCAO from the Department of Neurology,Yanbian University Hospital and 74 with CMCAO from the Department of Neurology,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively.All patients were diagnosed as CMCAO on one side and MCA was normal on the other side with transcranial Doppler (TCD) or transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) and confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA).They were divided into either a LMA group (n=49) or a non-LMA (NLMA) group (n=60) according to the DSA revealed ACA.TCCS and/or TCD were used to measure and record the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) of the contralateral and ipsilateral MCA,and the ratios of bilateral PSV were calculated.They were divided into 4 grades,including normal brain tissue,cerebral lacunar infarction,small and moderate cerebral infarction,and large cerebral infarction according to the findings of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences of cerebral infarction areas between the LMA group and the NLMA group,and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the MCA blood flow parameters of the ipsilateral side and the cerebral infarction area.Results (1) The patients with stroke accounted for 90.0% (n=54) in the NLMA group,and it was significantly higher than 71.4% (n=35) in the LAM group.There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).(2) The severity of cerebral infarction in the NLMA group was significantly higher than that in the LMA group.DWI revealed that the LMA group was mainly lacunar infarction (51.0%,n=25),the NLMA group was mainly small and moderate infarction (45.0%,n=27),the incidence of large infarction (21.7%,n=13) was higher than that in the LMA group (4.1%,n=2).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).(3) The cerebral infarction area in patients of the NLMA group showed moderately negative correlation with PSV of MCA (r=-0.736,P<0.01),and increased with the increase of contralateral side of PSV/ipsilateral side of PSV,there was a high positive correlation (r=0.849,P<0.01).Conclusion The compensatory function of meningeal branches of the anterior cerebral artery in patients with CMCAO was associated with the severity of cerebral infarction.The decreased MCA blood flow velocity on the ipsilateral side had a significant correlation with cerebral infarction area.

Objective To study the mutability of ultra sodium pyrosulfite intake on ultrastructure changes and spermatogonium mice testis.Methods Forty male Kunming mice were used.Experimental group had been exposed to ultra sodium pyrosulfite by fed for 10 days,and sodium pyrosulfite′s contaminated dose were 1% and 1‰.Mice were killed at 11~(th) day,and ultrastructure changes were observed under transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and the tests of sister chromosome exchanges(SCE) were made.Mmutation of ultra sodium pyrosulfite on spermatogonium of mice testis was judged.Results Compared with control group,there was a significant increase of SCE ratio in spermatogonium of testis in experimental groups(P

Objective To study the effect of hydrogen peroxide on microstructure of mice kidney and discuss the toxic effect on mice kidney.Methods Thirty healthy male mice of Kunming Genus were divided into 3 groups at random:control group and two experimental groups. Running water was fed to control group for 10 days while 0.3,3 g/L hydrogen peroxide running water readily prepared was fed to the experimental groups for 10 days. On the 10th day,the kidneys were taken out,and fixed in the fixation solutions,conventionally produced and stained.Finally,they were studied under the optical microscope.Results Experimental groups:in the kidney tissue cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubule showed hydropic degeneration and vacuolation which depend on dose of hydrogen peroxide.Conclusion Toxic effect on mice kidney can be caused by hydrogen peroxide.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of transacting hepatitis D virus (HDV) ribozyme cleaving in vitro the hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA fragments.

METHODSAccording to the established pseudoknot-like structure, its' H1 domain was changed to design the transacting HDV ribozyme Rc1 and Rc2, which targeted the 701-713 site and 776-788 site of HBV C domain. After the chemically synthesised cDNA of the ribozyme was cloned into the vector PGEM-4Z, the transacting HDV ribozyme was transcriped using in vitro transcription technology. The in vitro cleavage characteristics of the ribozyme were studied and the kinetic parameters (Kcat and Km) were determined by Eadie Hofstee plotting.

RESULTSBoth the two ribozymes had the ability to cleave the substrate, the cleavage percentage at 37 degrees for 90 minutes were 50% and 51%. According to the Eadie Hofstee plot, the Km of the Rc1 and Rc2 were 0.61 micromol and 0.58 micromol, the Kcat were 0.64 x min(-1) and 0.60 x min(-1),respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe cleaving ability of trans-acting HDV ribozyme on non-HDV RNA fragment was tested. The results showed a new potential of the antisense antisense regent for HBV gene therapy.

DNA, Antisense ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis Delta Virus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model rabbits and its impacts on the chondrocyte apoptosis rate and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and nitric oxide (NO). Methods: According to the random number table method, 30 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into a normal group (n=9) and a modeling group (n=21). Rabbits in the modeling group were used to establish KOA models with the modified Hulth method. At the 8th week, three rabbits were sacrificed to verify the model and the remaining 18 rabbits were randomly divided into a model group (n=9) and an intervention group (n=9). Rabbits in the normal group and model group were bred routinely without any intervention. Rabbits in the intervention group were treated with the sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations, 10 min/time, once every other day for a total of 20 times. The Lequesne MG knee function rating was used to evaluate the behavioral differences of the rabbits in each group. The Pelletier score was used to evaluate the general changes of the rabbits. The Mankin score was used to evaluate the pathology of knee cartilages. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitrate reductase methods were used to determine the levels of IL-1β and NO in serum and synovial fluid of each group, respectively. In situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick and labeling method was used to determine the apoptosis of chondrocytes in each group. Results: Compared with the normal group, the scores of Lequesne MG, Pelletier and Mankin, and the levels of IL-1β and NO in the model group were increased (P<0.05), which indirectly indicated the success of the model. Compared with the model group, the scores of Lequesne MG, Pelletier and Mankin, IL-1β and NO levels, and chondrocyte apoptosis rate of the intervention group were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The sinew-regulating bone-setting manipulations can reduce the levels of IL-1β, NO, and chondrocyte apoptosis rate, and delay the articular cartilage degeneration, therefore, having a good therapeutic effect on KOA.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; physiology

The meridian research situation and various meridian hypotheses of China in the past sixty years between 1950 and 2013 are summarized in the paper; possible existed problems in the process of current meridian research are analyzed. Based on previous research results, we proposed that the essence of meridian can not be explained by the reductive analysis method, meridian research should be carried out under the guidance of overall concept of Chinese medicine theory. In this paper, combined with coherence theory of biophoton, we put forward the quantum interference hypothesis of meridian, which provides a possible research idea for meridian study.
China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Models, Theoretical ; Research

Animals ; Bone Matrix ; pathology ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteoblasts ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Osteoclasts ; pathology ; Osteocytes ; pathology ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skin ; pathology