OBJECTIVE:To prepare ganciclovir hydrochloride chitosan eye drops and establish its quality control method.METHODS:The eye drops was prepared using chitosan as thickening agent and synergist with ganciclovir as principal agent.The content of ganciiclovir was determined by HPLC.The stability of the preparation was investigated as well.RESULTS:The prepared eye drops was colorless transparent glutinous limpid liquid with its identification items all up to the related standards stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition).The linear range of ganciclovir was 5～80 mg?L-1(r=0.999 9) with average recovery of 99.02%(RSD=0.71%).The preparation was stable under light with all its indexes showed no obvious change in the accelerated test at 6 month.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology is simple and feasible and the quality of preparation is stable and controllable with a validity duration tentatively set at 2 years.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability between ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops and ganciclovir eye drops in rabbit eyes. METHODS: Japan big-eared rabbits were randomly assigned to the receive 50 ?L ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops (experiment group) or ganciclovir eye drops (control group) in both eyes. The rabbit tears,corneas and aqueous humor were collected at different time for the determination of drug concentration by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated as well. RESULTS: In the experimenal group,the half-life(t1/2) in tears,corneas and aqueous humor were 15.41,45.21,59.43 minutes,respectively versus 16.22,32.55,and 48.53 minutes in the control group. The Cmax were 2.03 ?g?mL-1 and 1.22 ?g?mL-1,respectively. In the experimental group,the AUC0→240 in tears,corneas and aqueous humor were 1.66,1.89,and 2.77 times those in control group. CONCLUSION: The bioavailability of ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops was significantly higher than that of ganciclovir eye drops.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of chronic diarrhea in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and analyze the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea in children.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients (male 4 cases,famale 3 cases)with AIDS with manifestation of chronic diarrhea among the 17 cases were diagnosed as AIDS in Beijing children′s hospital from Jan.1999 to Dec.2006.The time of diarrhea,degree of dinrrhea,characteristic of stool,accompaniment symptom,laboratory examination were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average onset age was 6 years old(from 2-9 years old).The average time of diarrhea was 6 months(from 1-16 months).Four cases main complained with chronic diarrhea,3 cases came to the hospital because of fever,cough and wasting;6 cases with diarrhea,7 cases with malnutrition and anemia,5 cases accompanied hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis,6 cases had delay in growth and development,2 cases with abnormal stool routine exam,1 case with positive stool culture of fungi.All patients were with lower CD4,5 cases with lower CD4/CD8.Conclusions Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom in children with AIDS,and usually accompanied by obvious delay in growth and development,malnutrition and anemia,the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea are consi-dered to be related with both the opportunistic infection and HIV infection.

Objective To investigate the weight,length and scale of normal children′ stools and discuss clinical signification.Met-(hods) The fresh stools of 60 normal children (male 34,female 26)were measured,classify the stools according to Bristol′s scale.Results 1.The average weight of stools in 60 cases was (109.53?52.00) g,of male was (123.79?55.87) g,of female was (90.12?(39.66)) g,there was significant difference between them (t=0.013 P0.05);3.The stools was classified into 7 group according to Bristol′s scale.From 1 grade to 6 grade were 3.30%,(5.10%),5.10%,64.40%,15.30% and 6.80%,respectively,but there was no 7 grade stools.Conclusion The weight,length and scales of normal children′s stools can be used as a sign to evaluate the clonic movement of children,especially in diagnosis and treatment of constipation and stools dryness

18 years of age were enrolled. The blood pressure measurements at the wrist were compared with the results obtained by auscultatory measurement on left upper arm. Both measurements were taken 3 times in each person. A total 273 measurements were obtained in 91 participants. The evaluation of the accuracy was assessed by 2 statistical methods. (1)The differences between the 2 devices for a given measurement. (2) The differences between the 2 devices for a given person. Results Method 1 showed the sample mean errors and standard deviation of errors were 0.5?7.1 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure(SBP) and -1.6?6.1 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure(DBP). Method 2 showed they were 0.5?6.1 mm Hg for SBP and -1.6?5.3 mm Hg for DBP. Blood pressure level and the wrist circumferences had no influence on the measurement errors. Conclusion The HEM-6000 wrist blood pressure device apparently met the AAMI criteria and is valid for patient self-measurement.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be associated with serious complications that adversely affect outcomes and increase the likelihood of disability. However, few studies with sufficient sample size have reported postoperative complications following TKAamong Chinese patients. This study aimed to evaluate complications of TKA within 30 postoperative days and to identify the related risk factors. Methods: A retrospective complication?based analysis of TKA using the arthroplasty registry between 2008 and 2013 was performed by summarizing complications of TKA within 30 postoperative days. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predicting factors for complications 30 days after operation. Results: A total of 1542 patients underwent 2254 primary TKA between January 2008 and December 2013. A total of 137 complications occurred within 30 days after operation with an incidence rate of 6.1%.The incidence rate of major systemic complications within postoperative 30 days was 2.3%, with cardiovascular and respiratory complications as the most common complications. The incidence rates of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and local complications were 2.4% and 1.0%, respectively. The 30?day postoperative mortality rate was 0.1% (3/2254). Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified body mass index (BMI) of ≥30.0 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47) and age ≥80 years (OR:1.87) as significant risk factors for postoperative systemic complications. A BMI of ≥30.0 kg/m2 was a significant risk factor for DVT (OR:2.86) and other complications (OR: 2.11). The comorbidity of diabetes was a risk factor for postoperative mortality (OR: 19.20). Conclusions: This study highlighted complications with cardiac and respiratory origins as the most common complications within 30 postoperative days following primary TKA. The BMI of ≥30.0 kg/m2 and age ≥80 years were significant risk factors for 30?day postoperative complications.

Objective To study the expression of KAI1 and CD40 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods The expression of KAI1 and CD40 of 64 gastric cancer tissues was examinated by S-P immunohistochemieal methods.Results The overall positive rate of KAI1 was 22% in gastric cancer.Expression of KAI1 was positively related to the degree of tumor differentiation,it was negatively related to invasion depth and lymph node metastasis and the tumor clinical stage.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of KAII was significantly higher than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=42.426,P=0.000).The expression rate of CD40 in gastric cancer tissue was 34%.The expression of CD40 was significantly correlated with metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of CD40 was significantly lower than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=4.841,P=0.028).There is no relationship between KAI1 and CD40 expression in gastric cancer.Conclusion KAI1 is associated with gastric cancer differentiation,invasion and metastasis.CD40 status helps to evaluate metastasis,and predict prognosis of gastric cancer.

To evaluate the protective effects of intravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU - 211 for optic nerve in glaucoma rats, providing the experimental evidence in the treatment of glaucoma optic nerve injury.
●METHODS: Glaucoma rats (18 eyes) were modeled by electric coagulation sclera surface vein and randomized into 3 groups, group A received intravitreal injection of 1mg/ 0. 1mL cannabinoid HU - 211 every other day respectively; group B was given intravitreal injection of 0. 1mL water every other day, group C was high intraocular pressure (lOP) group, 6 eyes were randomly selected for blank control group ( group D). lOP was observed every day. The rats were sacrificed after treatment 4wk, froze retina section, HE stain. The density fluctuation of retinal ganglion cell ( RGC ) neurons assessment the optic nerve of rat model with chronic high lOP glaucoma were measured.
●RESULTS: The apoptosis and damage degree of RGC in group B was obviously higher than that in group A, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in groups B and C (P >0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: lntravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU-211 shows obvious protective effect on optic nerve in glaucom rat models.

Objective Through analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of human brucellosis in Gansu province during the past two years,to provide the basis for control of the disease. Methods Using China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention V2.0 and survey data of human brucellosis outbreak,we calculated the incidence of brucellosis and the composition of new cases and chronic cases in 2009 and 2010, respectively, and analyzed the three distributions of the disease. Results Brucellosis incidence was 0.37 per million in 2009, and 1.7 per million in 2010. The new cases accounted for 54.6％(83/152) and 51.8％(43/83),and chronic cases were 53.3％ (81/152) and 56.6％ (47/83), respectively. About 1/3 of the counties (cities,districts) was found to be with the disease, and most cases were clustered in Hexi Corridor and Longdong area of Gansu province. There were three counties with outbreak. Time distribution of the disease was jagged. May, July,September and December were high, with September the highest. Sex ratio was 3 : 1, and mean age was 46 years old.67.7％ (159/235) of cases were farmers, followed by retired officers and herders, with a percentage of about 7％,respectively. Conclusions Epidemic of human brucellosis shows a rapidly rising trend in Gansu province. There are new patients throughout the year, and young farmers are the main victims. A high proportion of chronic brucellosis is more harmful. Strengthen the prevention and control of the disease to increase their brucellosis protective awareness.

Objective To analyze the causes for diffuse bone marrow uptake of 18F-FDG on PET/CT scans. Methods Sixty-six patients with diffuse bone marrow uptake on whole-body FDG-PET/CT imaging were enrolled for this study. Seventy-nine healthy subjects ( with no history of tumor or recent fever) were selected as normal control. The SUVmax and SUVmean were measured in bone marrow and mediastinum in both groups. The maximum (bone marrow SUVmax/ mediastinum SUVmax) and mean value ratios (bone marrow SUVmean/ mediastinum SUVmean) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by one-factor variance analysis. Results With diffuse bone marrow uptake pattern of 18F-FDG, 27 were caused by injection of hematopoietic growth factor, 21 by hematopathy and 18 due to fever. SUVmeanof those three causes were 3.076±1.955, 3.633±2.405 and 2.546±0.791 respectively, each was significantly different from that of the control group (1.026±0.190; F =34.465, P<0.001). Conclusion Diffuse bone marrow uptake on FDG-PET/CT are caused by both benign and malignant reasons.