Tracheal intubation is an important part in clinical teaching of anesthesiology,it is also the basic skill that each anesthesiologist must master.The distinctive feature of visual technology is intuitive visual,meaning operation process and anatomical structure can be seen directly and clearly.Our department tried to teach tracheal intubation with visual technology.Teachers firstly demonstrated standard incubation with video laryngoscope and explained the related basic theoretical knowledge.Then students practiced the intubation in models until becoming skilled,finally students can practice in real patients.The teaching effect of the modified method was better compared with that of traditional method.

Objective To observe the validity and feasibility of PBL teaching method in occupational health and occupational medicine theory teaching.Methods Sixty-one five-year undergraduates majored in preventive medicine were selected and self-control was applied.Two teaching contents which had similar teaching requirements were selected,one applied PBL teaching method and the other applied traditional teaching method.Students' results and passing rate in examination were analyzed and compared.SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and data were manifested as ((x-) ± s).T test was used to do comparison between average results and chi-square test was used to do comparison between rates.SAS 9.0 software was employed and Fisher's exact probability analysis was performed on percent of pass.P＜0.05 stands for statistically significant differences.Results Test scores of the students taught by PBL teaching method were significantly higher than those of students taught by traditional teaching method (P＜0.05).Both female and male students' test scores were improved (P＜0.05) and increase of female students' test scores were more obvious than male students'.Passing rate of female students taught by PBL teaching method was significantly higher than female students taught by traditional teaching method (P＜0.05).Conclusion PBL teaching method applied in occupational health and occupational medicine theory teaching can significandy improve the quality of teaching.

BACKGROUND:Xenogenic deproteinized bone is generally collected and has unique biological properties;however,its immunogen hopes be resolved so as to discover a new type of bone graft material.OBJECTIVE:To explore the performance of xenogenic deproteinized bone scaffold for tissue-engineered bone and the effect on spinal intertransverse fusion in goats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An in vivo cell-scaffold study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Fibrotic Biotherapy of Heilongjiang Province between February and October 2008.MATERIALS:Twelve healthy male goats aged 6-8 months were provided by Animal Center of Mudanjiang Medical College.METHODS:Cancellous bone at distal femur of adult swine was obtained to prepare xenogenic deproteinized bone scaffold using physical and chemical methods.Effects of the scaffold on morphology,structure,component,biomechanical property,and biological behavior of seed cells were detected and analyzed.Bone marrow was extracted from ilium of goat and gradient-centrifuged to obtain the third-passaged bone marrow mesenchyme stern cells (BMSCs).A certain quantity of autologous BMSCs and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) were plated onto the scaffold to achieve tissue-engineeried bone.Models of bilateral L3,4 intertransverse bone graft were established on 12 goats.Tissue-engineeried bone was implanted into the left side in a repairing group,while the same volume of autologous ilium was implanted into the right side in a control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:X-ray examination and histological detection were performed at 4,8,and 12 weeks after implantation.RESULTS:Deproteinization-treated cancellous bone exhibited a spatial grid structure of variously sized,crossing and opening pores,composing hydroxyapatite and collagen.The pore diameter was 200-500 μm,and porosity was about 60%.Mechanical property and cell compatibility were well.X-ray examination demonstrated that at 4 weeks after implantation,some or even lateral intertransverse bridging regions were unclear,and material density in the repairing group was lower than control group;at 8 weeks after implantation,interspace between up and down bridging was shrunk,and a great quantity of calluses were successively formed;at 12 weeks after implantation,complete confluence was observed,and the density in the repairing group was closed to that in the control group.Histological detection indicated that at 4 weeks after implantation,new bone was multidrop-formed in the repairing group;at 8 weeks after implantation,bone tissue like the islet shape was passed through the whole implanted materials;at 12 weeks after implantation,woven bones arranged across,medullary cavity was formed,and osteogenic activity in the repairing group was closed to that in the control group.On the other hand,at 4 weeks after implantation,a large quantity of new bones were formed in the control group;at 8 weeks after implantation,a great quantity of collagen fibers were observed,and osteogenesis was clear in marginal region;at 12 weeks after implantation,fibrous tissues were reduced,and osteogenesis was active.CONCLUSION:BMSCs and rhBMP-2 incubated on xenogenic deproteinized cancellous bone is an ideal tissue-engineeried bone scaffold,characterizing by an excellent histocompatibility and a strong osteogenesis,based on in vitro X-ray diffraction analysis,mechanical test,and in vivo osteogenesis experiment.

Information Services ; Information Systems ; standards ; Public Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Public Health Informatics

Objective To assess the value of upper airway narrowing with MSCT under quiet respiration in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods CT scan of upper airway was performed in 63 patients with OSAHS during inspiration, expiration and quiet respiration respectively with 16-slice spiral CT. The state of the soft palate, the area of the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal and retroglossal space of the upper airway during the different respiratory phase were compared. The correlation between these dimensions and the polysomnography (PSG) results were analyzed. Results Some particular pattern of events occurred in 14 patients during the different phase of respiration, such as hooking of the soft palate, raising of the soft palate, artifacts, etc. These events occurred more often in the expiration phase. The cross-sectional area of the retropalatal space was the smallest during quiet breathing. There were statistically significant differences in the smallest cross-sectional area of retropalatal space among different phases of respiration (F=4.602, P＜0.05), also between inspiration and expiration, quiet breathing groups. No statistically significant difference was found between expiration and quiet breathing, nor in the smallest cross-sectional areas of retroglossal space among the three groups (P＞0.05). There was positive correlation between the smallest area of retropalatal space and LSaO_2 in quiet breathing and expiration groups (r=0.511, 0.300, P＜0.05). Conclusion MSCT scan of upper airway may be a better way to evaluate upper airway narrowing under quiet breathing when patients failed to carry out the required mode (keeping exhalation) or some undesirable events occurred.

Cardiovascular System ; Pharmacogenetics

Objective To discuss the genetic relationship between Chaoxian and the other populations with STR polymorphisms, and study the origination of Chaoxian with historical data, analyze the difference among them. Methods Samples were obtained from 91 unrelated individuals of Jilin province. PCR amplification was performed using PE9700, the results were analyzed with the GeneScan software and then using the Genetic Analyzer ABI377 and Genotyper2.5. Tests for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the clustering map were carried out using SPSS11.5. The DA (genetic distance) according to Nei's was calculated and a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-joining method using Mega2 software package was constructed. Results 81 alleles and 196 genotypes were observed, with the corresponding frequencies ranging from 0.0055 to 0.4615 and 0.0110 to 0.2747, the observed and expected of genotypes were evaluated using χ2-test and all of the loci were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Chaoxian was clustered with the other Chinese ethnic groups, then the American Black and the White; it was clustered with the Baishan Han, the Beijing Han of China first, then the South Korean. Conclusion The differentiation among races is larger than that among minorities, and, the differentiation among minorities is related to and is consistent with their geographic location.

0.05). The cell cycles of the two groups were similar, and heteroploid cells were not found out in both groups. CONCLUSION: Xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone has a good biocompatibility to bone mesenchymal stem cells and promotes cell growth and differentiation.

Objective To investigate the role of FHIT in NSCLC and the relativity between FHIT and cigarette.Methods 81 cases of NSCLC and 7 cases of the nomal lung tisses were examined for FHIT by immunochemical(S-P).Results The postive expression rates of FHIT were significantly lower than those in nomal lung tisses(P

The traditional Chinese medicine deduces the 'Tianshi'based on the chronological era by heavenly stems and earthly branches,whose mechanism has been an eternal mystery.The references discussed the astronomical background of the chronological record of years by heavenly stems and earthly branches.In this paper,① A new law of the nature and human body is unitied was discovered.The relative position of the diurnal motion of the sun and the motion of five yao observed from the earth repeated with a precise period of 60 years,(1years,=360days).It lead the discussion of astronomical background for the chronological record of days and shichen by heavenly stems and earthly branches.② The yiyi calendar's chronological record of months by heavenly stems and earthly branches had the same astronomical background as the chronological record of years,i.e.the relative positions of yearly motion of the sun,the synodic month and the motion of five yao observed from the earth had an approximate cycle time of 60 years.③ The paper further discovered that the relative positions of the diurnal and yearly motion of the sun,the synodic month and the motion of five yao observed from the earth repeated every 240 years.This indicated the astronomical background for the fact that the yiyi calendar's sizhu heavenly stems and earthly branches group had a cycle time of 240 years.④ The traditional Chinese medicine should use the yiyi calendar's local time.