OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance of clinical isolated strains to the commonly used antibacterials in our hospital 2007-2008.METHODS Clinical isolated strains and sensitivity of drugs were detected by ATB system.The result of drug sensitivity was judged by CLSI standard and analyzed with statistical software WHONET5.3.RESULTS Altogether 3150 strains bacteria were isolated,17.4% were Gram-positive strains and 82.6% were Gram-negative strains,and the top five isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Staphylococcus aureus.The reasistance rate of Gram-positive strains to minocycline was 15.4%.Five VRE strains were isolated.Various Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were sensitive to imipenem meropenem,cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam,and their rate was 86.5% to 97.7%.Some of Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were multidrug resistant.CONCLUSIONS It is serous that multidrug resistance of isolated strains of the patients exists in our hospital.

To investigate the anticancer effects of ring C in 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a series of GA derivatives featured with 9(11)-ene moiety in ring C were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed by IR, LC-MS and 1H NMR. Their inhibitory effects towards human prostate cancer PC-3 and leukemia HL-60 cell lines were determined. Most of the derivatives displayed stronger antiproliferative activities than GA. Particularly, compound 14 showed promising anticancer activity with the GI50 values of 4.48 µmol · L(-1) and 1.2 µmol · L(-1) against PC-3 and HL-60 cells respectively, which is worth further study.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Design ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Xuebijing injection(XBJI, traditional Chinese medicine), in inhibiting TLR4--NF-kappaB--IL-1beta pathway of myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation in rats.

METHODSThirty six male SD rats (280 +/- 30) g were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6): normal group (N group), balanced perfusion group (BP group), model group (M group), low dose XBJI group (XBJI(L) group), middle dose XBJI group (XBJI(M) group), high dose XBJI group (XBJI(H) group). By Langendorff isolated heart perfusion device to establish the model of myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation in rats. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta); Western blot was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65) protein and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein; and RT-PCR to determine the expression of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA and TLR4 mRNA;To observe microstructure changes of hypoxia/reoxygenation myocardial by light microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with M group, the IL-1beta concentration, NF-kappaB p65 and TLR4 protein,NF-kappaB p65 and TLR4 mRNA of XBJIL group, XBJI(M) group, XBJI(H) group expression decreased in varying degrees,and decreased most obviously all in XBJI(M) group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); Myocardical structural damage was serious in M group, and improved after treatment XBJI, the most obvious was the XBJI(M).

CONCLUSIONDifferent dose of XBJI can inhibit TLR4--NF-kappaB--IL-1beta signal transduction pathway and reduce several inflammatory reaction after myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, the 4 ml/100 ml of XBJI is the best.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

Objective To assess the risk factors that could influence the severity of esophageal inju- ry in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods GERD patients diagnosed on the ba- sis of endoscopic reflux esophagitis or pathological results of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were divided into three groups as non-erosive reflux disease group(NERD)(n=83),mild esophagitis group(n=51) and severe esophagitis group(n=22).The clinic data and esophageal pH parameters were recorded in the three groups.A logistic regression was used to assess the joint influences of clinic characteristics,hiatus her- nia,and esophageal pH parameters on the severity of esophageal injury.Results Patients in severe esoph- agitis group were more likely to have advanced age and hiatus hernia.The number of supine long reflux epi- sodes measured by esophageal pH monitoring significantly increased with increasing grades of mueosal dam- age(P

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in Fujian province,and to provide a reference for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in this population.Methods Two thousand three hundred and one blood samples were randomly selected from 9 different areas of Fujian province from May 2008 to December 2010.PCR and reverse dot blot hybridization (RDB) were adopted for detection of the 17 common types of mutation,and the frequency of each genotype of β-thalassemia mutations was calculated.The β-globin gene of unknown positive samples were analyzed directly with DNA sequencing.Results Three hundred and fifty-nine cases were detected with β-thalassemia mutations of the 2301 copy blood samples submitted,and the detection rate was 15.60％ (359/2301).Of the mutated genes,12 different mutations were identified,namely IVS-2-654(C→T),CD41-42(-TCTT),CD17(A→T),-28(A→G),CD27-28(+C),CD26(G→A),CD71-72(+A),IVS-1-1(G→T),CD43(G→T),-29(A→G),initiation codon ATG→AGG and CD36(-C).Mutation frequencies were 46.54％ (175/376),33.24％ (125/376),9.31％ (35/376),5.05％ (19/376),2.13％(8/376),1.33％(5/376),0.80％(3/376),0.27％(1/376),0.27％(1/376),0.27％(1/376),0.53％(2/376),and 0.27％(1/376),respectively.The most common mutations were IVS-2-654 (C→T) and CD41-42 (-TCTT),which accounted for 79.78％(300/376) of total genetic mutations.In addition,a novel β-globin gene mutation CD36 (-C) allele was detected for the first time,the deletion of a nucleotide C at code 36 within exon 2 lead to a frameshift mutation that could result in a premature termination at code 60.Conclusions β-thalassemia mutations in Fujian province are complex with significant genetic heterogeneity.We present for the first time the detection of a new β-thalassemia mutation in the population:CD36(-C),which provides valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in Fujian province.

OBJECTIVECOL9A1 gene is located in the susceptibility region of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) (6q12-13). This study aimed to investigate the expression of the COL9A1 gene and the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of COL9A1 gene in patients with ICTEV and normal controls.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of COL9A1 in 25 children with ICTEV and 5 normal controls. The frequencies of genotypes and allele of two SNPs in COL9A1 gene rs35470562 and rs1135056 were investigated by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing in 118 patients with ICTEV and 100 normal controls.

RESULTSThe COL9A1 protein expression was significantly higher in 22 (88%) out of 25 children with ICTEV than normal controls. There were significant differences in the frequencies of genotypes and allele of rs1135056 in COL9A1 gene between the ICTEV and the control groups: the G allele frequency was higher, the frequency of AA genotype was lower, and the frequencies of AG and GG genotypes were higher in ICTEV patients than those in healthy controls (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCOL9A1 protein is highly expressed in patients with ICTEV and rs1135056, which is located in the coding region of COL9A1 gene, may be associated with the pathogenesis of ICTEV.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clubfoot ; etiology ; genetics ; Collagen Type IX ; analysis ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

BACKGROUND: Currently, the materials used in clinical practice to repair cruciate ligament of knee joint contain auto-graft bone- mid 1/3 patella tendon-bone (B-T-B), auto-semitendinous muscle, gracilis muscle and allogenic tissue graft. All of them are limited to a certain degree in clinical application. Therefore, people hope to consistently develop artificial ligaments to take the place of auto- and allografts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility to construct artificial biological ligament (ABL) by applying a novel biochemical technique using porcine tendon as the raw material. DESIGN: Research of new biological material. SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS: Adult pigs of either gender were provided by the Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-520) was provided by Hitachi, Japan, and micro-controlled electron tension-testing device (Model LWK-10B) by Guangzhou Experimental Devices Factory. METHODS: The experiment was performed at the Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2004 to June 2005. ABL was established by means of treating porcine tendon with epoxy cross-linking fixation, diversified antigen minimization process, mechanic enhancement modification and surface activating process. Under aseptic condition, a 6-month-old goat's bone marrow was abstracted, and then the bone marrow matrix stem cells were cultured in ABL stent for 3 weeks. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe structure and compatibility of artificial ligament, and mechanics test was used to analyze biomechanics characteristics of ABL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structural features, cell compatibility and biomechanics characteristics of ABL.RESULTS: ① Structural features of ABL: The appearance of ABL was similar to that of the normal human ligament. Histological examination showed that the ABL was collagen fibers with no cells. Electron microscope examination revealed that the ABL was composed of hair-looking and fiber-like objects running uniformly in a certain direction and closely parallel-arranged. ② Cell compatibility: Three weeks after xenogenic marrow matrix cells were cultured on the surface of the ABL, it was noted that cells adhered and the matrix secreted by the cells precipitated around the cells. There were no cells found inside the ABL. ③ Mechanical strength of the ligament: The average diameter of ABL was 5 mm and the mechanical test at a speed of 100 mm/min showed that its averaged tensile limit was 927.19 N and the tension-resistant strength was 47.22 N/mm those were close to the corresponding parameters of the normal goat's ACL. The normal goat's ACL was 5 mm. The greatest tensile load was 807.50 N and the tension-resistant strength was 41.13 N/mm.CONCLUSION:As we used the unique biochemical technique and minimized the xenogenic protein immunogenicity of the porcine tendon, ABL has acceptable biomechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. As a substitute of the ligament in the reconstruction of the ACL, ABL has a promising prospect in clinical applications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of transcription regulation of GLI3 gene in idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus.

METHODSpGL3-Gli3 luciferase report vectors were constructed, and the activity of Gli3 promoter was explored. A P-Match software was used to analyze the sequence upstream of the transcription start site of rat Gli3 gene, which was subsequently verified with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (CHIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of the Gli3 gene was analyzed in L6 cells transfected with Hoxd13 small interference RNA(siRNA) and Hoxd13 expression vectors.

RESULTSThe 5' region of rat Gli3 gene contains two potential binding sites for the Hoxd13 protein. CHIP and EMSA assays both confirmed that Hoxd13 can directly bind with site 2. As shown in L6 cells, expression of Gli3 may be enhanced with silencing of Hoxd13, whilst exogenous expression of Hoxd13 can down-regulate transcription of Gli3.

CONCLUSIONHoxd13 can directly regulate the expression of Gli3 gene through a Hoxd13 binding site in the limb of rat embryo.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Clubfoot ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc Finger Protein Gli3

Objective To understand the status of service contract signing conducted by primary medical and health institutions.Methods A questionnaire survey and in-depth interview methods were used to study the service contract signing at primary health care institutions.Results The contract signing rate of the institutions surveyed was 1 9.1%,and valid contract signing rate was 76%.Senior people above 65 years old accounted for 33.5% of those signers,while hypertension patients accounted for 1 9.5% and diabetes patients for 10.6%.Interviews to the general practitioners team at the primary health institutions found that main factors affecting residents′ intention to sign were drug availability, attraction for signing the services,treatment habits among others.Interviews to the staff the primary health institutions found that contracted services are facing such difficulties as medical staff shortage,lack of motivation,lack of competence among others.Interviews to leaders of the primary health institutions found that the lack of publicity and support of medical insurance also has great influence to service contract signing.Conclusions The enthusiasm of general practitioners and residents to sign up for the service remains to be improved.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sign-contract services on hypertension patient disease control and the satisfaction of medical staff. Methods:a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among hypertension patients selected from 20 primary health centers in 10 provinces in China. Results:This paper collected 1 ,881 valid questionnaires, and the average age of the population was 65. 72 ± 10. 88. Respondents that received sign-contract services accounted for 53. 88%, and there was no difference between patients who signed the service contract and who did not in terms of demographics. In self-reporting of blood pressure controls, respondents who signed the service contract, aged 40~50 years old, enjoyed the free medical care, preferred to seek medical services from primary a-gencies ( i. e. community health centers and township hospitals) for minor illnesses, controlled their blood pressure better ( P<0. 05 ) . Respondents enjoyed the civil resident medical insurance, preferred to seek medical care from community health centers for minor illnesses and signed the service contract were more likely to be satisfied with their medical practitioner (P<0. 05). After adjusting for age, gender, education level, medical insurance style, patient willingness to seek medical care for minor illnesses, signing service contracts was found to be an independent factor both associated with blood pressure self-control and attitudes towards medical service providers, with the odds ratio of 3. 007 (95%CI:2. 572 -3. 517) and 1. 814 (95%CI: 1. 563 -2. 105) respectively. Conclusion: Contracts are correlated with blood pressure control and satisfaction toward medical practitioners, which means that patients who signed the service contract control their blood pressure better and are more satisfied with their medical deliverers.