Abstract?AlM: To evaluate the difference of contrast sensitivity ( CS) in photopic and scotopic environments in eyes with myopia and myopic astigmatism operated with femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis ( femto-LASlK ) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK) .?METHODS: ln a prospective study 160 myopia and myopic astigmatism patients' eyes were involved, which accepted femto- LASlK or LASlK in our hospital from January 2010 to February 2012. The myopia degree was -1. 50 ~ -10. 00D, the astigmatism degree ≤-6. 0D. Eighty eyes were treated with femto-LASlK in group A, and 80 eyes were treated with LASlK in group B, All patients in the treatment group completed the final 6mo of follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA) and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA) , objective and manifest refractions, results of slit-lamp examination, the side effects, intraocular pressure, corneal topography, CS in photopic and scotopic environments were noted.? RESULTS: All of operations on 160 cases were successful without severe complication after 6 mo follow-up. CS of femto-LASlK group ( group A) at each spatial frequency environment were higher than that of LASlK group (group B). ln group A, after 1mo the photopic CS, after 3mo of scotopic CS recovered to the preoperative level, 6mo after surgery improved than before the operation. ln group B, after 3mo photopic CS to the preoperative level, scotopic CS at 6mo after operation was still not recovered to the preoperative level.?CONCLUSlON:Femto-LASlK for correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism, in improving the postoperative contrast sensitivity under shade environment has more advantages than LASlK.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of chronic diarrhea in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and analyze the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea in children.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients (male 4 cases,famale 3 cases)with AIDS with manifestation of chronic diarrhea among the 17 cases were diagnosed as AIDS in Beijing children′s hospital from Jan.1999 to Dec.2006.The time of diarrhea,degree of dinrrhea,characteristic of stool,accompaniment symptom,laboratory examination were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average onset age was 6 years old(from 2-9 years old).The average time of diarrhea was 6 months(from 1-16 months).Four cases main complained with chronic diarrhea,3 cases came to the hospital because of fever,cough and wasting;6 cases with diarrhea,7 cases with malnutrition and anemia,5 cases accompanied hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis,6 cases had delay in growth and development,2 cases with abnormal stool routine exam,1 case with positive stool culture of fungi.All patients were with lower CD4,5 cases with lower CD4/CD8.Conclusions Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom in children with AIDS,and usually accompanied by obvious delay in growth and development,malnutrition and anemia,the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea are consi-dered to be related with both the opportunistic infection and HIV infection.

Objective To explore the syphilis epidemiological characteristics of blood recipients in Xinyang ,reduce medical dis‐putes and prevent hospital infection .Methods The gender ,age ,occupation ,education and other data of 16 429 blood recipients in our hospital were collected .Then we performed statistical analysis on the test results of syphilis antibodies to all kinds of people . Results Out of 16 429 samples ,137 cases were detected positive ,the prevalence was 0 .83% .Among them ,there were 70 males ,ac‐counting for 0 .74% male patients ,67 females ,accounting for 0 .96% female patients ,and there was no significant difference be‐tween the male and female patients(P>0 .05) .Syphilis infection in different age groups had significant difference(P<0 .05) .Mean‐while ,linear trend test suggested that syphilis infection rate increased with age(P<0 .01) .Different cultural level also had different infection rate of syphilis ,the higher cultural level ,the lower infection rate .Among non‐employed persons and farmers the prevalence of syphilis was highest .In contrast ,the prevalence was lowest among students .Conclusion Syphilis infection rates were not the same among different kinds of people ,and the syphilis test should be strengthened to blood recipients .

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on blood-brain barrier in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) . Methods Sixty adult male SD rats, aged 4-6 months, weighing 320- 370 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) : sham operation group (group S), CPB group, and low-, median- and high-dose penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (groups LP, MP and HP). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg, intubated and mechanically ventilated. The femoral and jugular arteries and jugular vein were cannulated. CPB was performed for 60 min. Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2, 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in groups LP, MP and HP respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was added in group CPB. Evans blue was injected via femoral vein at 1 h before the animals were sacrificed. Six rats in each group were sacrificed, their brains immediately removed and the hippocampi isolated for determination of Evans blue content. The other rats were sacrificed and the hippocampi isolated to determine the water content and observe the ultrastructure of blood-brain barrier. Results Compared with group S, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly increased in the other groups ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with groups CPB and LP, the Evans blue content and water content were significantly decreased in groups MP and HP ( P ＜ 0.05) . The Evans blue content was significantly lower in group HP than in group MP ( P ＜ 0.05). The CPB-induced changes were significantly attenuated in groups MP and HP compared with groups CPB and LP. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can protect blood-brain barrier against the CPB-induced injury and the effect is related to the dose.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on acute lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in rats.MethodsForty adult male SD rats aged 4-6 months weighing 330-420 g were randomly divided into4 groups ( n =10 each): sham operation group (group S),acute lung injury group (group ALI) and low and high dose of penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (groups PL and PH ).Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in groups PL and PH,while the equal volume of normal saline was added in group ALI instead.The rats of groups ALI,PL and PH were underwent 1 h of CPB.Arterial blood samples were collected before CPB and at 2 h after CPB for blood gas analysis.The superior vera cava blood samples and lung tissues were collected at 2 h after CPB for determination of concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6,lung tissue contents of water and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px).The pathological change of lung tissue was also examined.ResultsCompared with group S,PaO2 was significantly decreased at 2 h after CPB,plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 and contents of water and MDA in lung tissues were increased,while activity of GSH-px in lung tissues was decreased in groups ALI,PL and PH ( R ＜ 0.05).Compared with group ALI,PaO2 was significantly increased at 2 h after CPB,plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 and contents of water and MDA in lung tissues were decreased,activity of GSH-px in lung tissues was increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological change was reduced in groups PL and PH.Compared with group PL,PaO2 was significantly increased at 2 h after CPB,plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 and contents of water and MDA in lung tissues were decreased,activity of GSH-px in lung tissues was increased ( P ＜0.05),and the pathological change was reduced more obviously in group PH.ConclusionPenehyclidine hydrochloride 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg can reduce the CPB-induced lung injury in a dose-dependent manner by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism in rats.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody with laboratory parameters of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in adult patients with membranous nephropathy (MN),and to explore the role of anti-PLA2R antibody in the pathogenesis of IMN. Methods Forty-six adult patients with biopsy-proved glomerular diseases were involved in this study,including 20 cases with IMN,7 cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),6 cases with hepatitis B-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN),6 cases with minimal change nephropathy (MCN),4 cases with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and 3 cases with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis.Total RNA was extracted from human glomeruli and was reversely transcribed to the first-strand cDNA.The full-length human M-type PLA2R was amplified by PCR and the 605 bp product was subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector containing CMV promoter.The recombinant human M-type PLA2R plasmid vector was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 239T cell line using the FuGene6 transfection reagent.Western blotting was used to detect serum anti-PLA2R antibodies.Correlations of antiPLA2R antibody level with laboratory parameters,including serum albumin,total cholesterol,Scr and 24-hour urine protein,of IMN patients were evaluated. Results Among 20 cases with IMN,15 cases showed positive anti-PLA2R antibodies (positive rate 75％).Of 7 cases with IgAN and 6 cases with HBV-MN,only 1 case showed positive anti-PLA2R antibody respectively (positive rate 14.29％ and 16.67％ respectively).Anti-PLA2R antibody was negative in other patients.The positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibody in IMN patients was significantly higher than that in patients with secondary MN and other types of glomerlonephritis (all P＜0.01).Furthermore,anti-PLA2R antibody level was positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein(r=0.803,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with serum albumin in IMN patients (r=-0.816,P＜0.01). Conclusions The high positive ratio of anti-PLA2R antibody may indicate that it is the specific autoantibody in IMN.AntiPLA2R antibody is correlated with IMN disease severity,which indicates that it may be the pathogenic autoantibody in IMN.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of intracoronary tirofiban during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Seventy-six consecutive AMI patients,treated with primary coronary angioplasty in 12 hours were enrolled.They were randomly divided into two groups:tirofiban group(39 cases)and control group(37 cases).Tirofiban group was treated with intracoronary timfiban during PCI and after the operation for 48 hours.Both of them were given heparin in PCI and aspirin,clopidogrel before PCI.At the end of PCI procedure,angiographic features such as TIMI flow grade and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade(TMPG)were analyzed.The difference of two groups in complication and major adverse cardiac events(MACE) was investigated.Results The myocardial reperfusion of tirofiban group was better than that of control group[TIMI grade 3 flow 94.9%(37/39) vs 78.4%(29/37),P<0.05;TMPG 3 grade 89.7%(35/39)vs 67.6%(25/37),P<0.05].There was no significant difference between two groups in bleeding complication.The occurrence of MACE in tirofiban group was less than that in control group[7.7%(3/39)vs 18.9%(7/37),P<0.05].Conclusion Intracoronary tirofiban dunng primary PCI in patients with AMI can improve coronary flow and myocardial perfusion,and has no more bleeding and less MACE occurrence.

Sixty four patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into two groups.In nimesulide group (n=32) patients were given nimesulide capsule 100 mg after surgery and 32 patients in control group were given 100 mg vitamin C as placebo.The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain during withdrawing nasal packing.The VAS value of the nimesulide group was 2.8±1.1 3 h after surgery and 2.7±1.2 during with drawing nasal packing,that of control group was 6.7±0.6 and 8.3±0.6,respectively (both P<0.01).The results revealed that nimesulide had a siguificant analgesic effect in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on brain injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in rats. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 6 each): sham operation group (group S), CPB group, and low, median and high dose penehyclidine hydrochloride groups (group PL, PM , PH). Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.2, 0.6 and 2.0 mg/kg were added to the priming solution in group PL, PM and PH respectively, while the equal volume of normal saline was added instead in group S. Blood samples were obtained at 2 h after termination of CPB to determine the plasma concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein. The brain tissues were taken to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons with electron microscope. Results The concentrations of NSE and S-100β protein were significantly higher in the other groups than in group S, while lower in group PM and PH than in group CPB and PL( P＜ 0.05). The S-100β protein concentration was significantly lower in group PH than in group PM( P ＜ 0.05). The damage to hippocampal neurons was significantly attenuated in group PM and Ps. Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.6 or 2.0 mg/kg can reduce the CPB-induced brain injury in a dose-dependent manner in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the expression of tight junction protein occludin in rat lung tissues.Methods Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10 each): sham operation group (group S) and CPBgroup.The rats underwent 1 h of CPB and were observed 2 h later in group CPB.The lung water content,neutrophil percentage and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.The expression of occludin in lung tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis.The ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial barrier was observed with transmission electron microscope.Results Compared with group S,the lung water content,protein concentration in BALF and neutrophil percentage were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of occludin in lung tissues was significantly down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05) and the damage to alveolar epithelial barrier was aggravated in group CPB.Conclusion The expression of occludin in lung tissues is down-regulated and the damage to alveolar epithelial barrier is induced after CPB,which may be one of the important factors in acute lung injury induced by CPB.