Next generation sequencing technologies,providing high speed and throughput that contribute greatly to DNA sequencing,have many applications in clinical virology,including identification of novel or unsuspected viruses,evaluation of human viromes,investigation of viral genetic diversity and evolution,monitoring of antiviral drug resistance,and analysis of virus-host interaction.Meanwhile,due to the complexity in bioinformatics data processing and lack of quality management standards,further efforts and explorations need to be put in the application and quality management of NGS in clinical laboratory.

Pancreaticoduodenal anastomotic dehiscence complicated with peritoneal hemorrhage following pancreaticoduodenectomy is a serious complication which threatens patients'life.Prevention and mangement of pancreaticoduodenal anastomotic dehiscence and peritoneal hemorrhage is the focus in the surgical treatment.Operation is the most reliable treatment for bleeding.While reoperation is difficult for most surgeons and the risk of fistula and rebleeding after reoperation exist.Some procedures will affect the endocrine and exocrine function of pancreas.We applied pancreaticojejunal bridge drainage for most patients with hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.This procedure is easy,safe,and can protect the pancreatic function.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome ofautologous epidermal grafting in vitiligo and its correlated factors. Methods A 1-5 year follow-up of 310 patients with vitiligo, who had been treated by autologous epidermal grafting, was carried out by questionnaires, phone interview, and clinical revisit. The relevance was estimated between the efficacy of the treatment and several factors, including the time length from the grafting to the follow up, patients' age and gender, location of lesions treated, Koebner phe-nomenon on the donor sites, and the combination therapy with narrow band-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB). Results Of the 310 patients, 161 were males and 149 females with an average age of 26.69±11.76 years; 98 had localized vitiligo, 123 segmental vitiligo, 62 scattered vitiligo, 27 generalized vitiligo. Totally, 24 recipient areas with 1266 sheets were evaluated. Among these sheets, 815 (64.38%) achieved complete repigmenta- tion, 167 obvious repigmentation, 117 some repigmentation, 167 no repigmentation, with a curative rate of 64.38% and total effective rate of 86.81%. Hyperpigmentation occurred in the recipient area of 76 (24.52%) patients, and donor area of 34 patients (10.97%), and hypopigmentation developed in the recipient area of 66 patients (21.29%). Relapse developed in the recipient areas of 30 patients, and new lesions in 12 patients (3.871%). Koebner phenomenon was noticed in the donor sites of 25 (8.064%) patients. The efficacy of autologous epidermal grafting was stable within two years after the therapy, but reduced with the time. Increased efficacy was observed in those sites with little mobililty and large fixity. For example, the best effi- cacy was observed in the legs and arms, followed by feet and hands, chest and back, face and neck, finally by waist and abdomen (P<0.01). NB-UVB exposure could improve the repigmentation. Koebner phe- nomenon in donor sites was associated with a reduced efficacy of epidermal grafting (P<0.05). Gender and age seemed unrelated to the efficacy. Conclusions Autologous epidermal grafting has a good long-term efficacy for the treatment of vitiligo, and transplanted location may be the most important factor affecting the efficacy.

An animal model of hemorrhagic shock is widely applied .It is an important platform to clarify the pathogenic mechanism, develop hemostasis materials , test first aid equipments and filter resuscitation medications .This paper summa-rizes the commonly used animal models of hemorrhagic shock at home and abroad , focusing on animal selection , model cre-ation, influencing factors , and fields of application in order to provide useful reference for model selection and application by medical practitioners and researchers .

@@

Objective To investigate the relevance of liver function and neurobehavior of offspring of SD rats ex-posed to sodium valproate in the second trimester. Methods 30 SD rats at 12. 5 d of pregnance were randomly di-vided into three groups: low-dose group (300 mg/kg VPA was injected into abdominal cavity), high-dose group (600 mg/kg VPA);control group (normal saline). The offspring of low-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-low-dose;the offspring of high-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-high-dose; and the offspring of control group were grouped as control group. Then, we tested the liver and neurological function of each group of offspring, respective-ly, and analyzed their relevance. Results The levels of serum total protein and albumin of the high-dose group were considerably lower than these of the low-dose group which were significantly lower than these of control group ( P<0. 01 for both total protein and albumin);the levels of ALT, AST and blood ammonia of the high dose group were drastically higher than these of the low dose group, which were dramatically higher than these of control group ( P<0. 01 ) . The duration and of stereotyped movement disorder in experimental group was markedly longer than this of the control group, while this of the high-dose group was notably longer than this of the low-dose group ( P<0. 01 );the frequency of the stereotyped movement disorder of experimental group was significantly more than this of the control group, while this of high-dose group was obviously more than this of the control group (P<0. 01). In the Morris water maze, the escape latency of the high-dose group was remarkably longer than this of low-dose group, which was observably longer than this of control group (P<0. 01);the swimming distance of the high-dose group was tremendously shorter than this of low-dose group, which was considerably shorter than this of control group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01 ) . Correlation analysis of liver function and neural behavior showed that the neurobe-havioral abnormalities were negatively correlated with level of total protein and albumin, and were positively related with the level of blood ammonia, ALT and AST ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The VPA exposure in the second tri-mester leads to the decrement of serum albumin and total protein and to the increment of AIL, AST and blood am-monia;and it also causes the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring. The reduction of synthesis of liver albumin and the rise of ALT, AST and blood ammonia can influence the neurobehavioral abnormalities. And there were both of the factors which result in the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring exposured to VPA in the second trimes-ter.

Objective To explore effect of small dose of diuretics combined with Dahuangzhechong pill on testosterone, Cystatin C(CysC), leptin and β2 microglobulin(β2-MG) in serum in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods 69 cases of kidney disease patients were collected and divided into two groups.Testosterone, Cystatin C, leptin and β2 microglobulin in serum were compared before and after the treatment.The control group was given hydrochlorothiazide tablets, treatment group was given Dahuangzhechong pill based on the control group.All patients were treated for 3 months. Results After treatment, levels of testosterone elevated (P <0.05), CysC, leptin and β2 microglobulin decreased (P <0.05) in the two groups compared with before treatment;Compared with the control group , level of testosterone was higher (P<0.05), levels of CysC ,leptin and β2-MG were lower (P<0.05).Conclusion Low dose diuretics combined with Dahuang Zhechong pill has good effect in treatment of chronic renal failure curative.The mechanism may be related to elevate serum testosterone levels and reduce serum CysC , leptin and β2-MG level in patients.

Objective To study the status quo and tendency of the utilization of antibiotics in our hospital in order to provide ref-erence for clinical rational drug use .Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the consumption sum ,DDDs and defined daily cost(DDC) of antibiotics ,which taken from HIS system in drug storehouse from 2010 to 2013 .Results 2010~2013 ,the anti-microbial drug sales in proportion to the amount of drug sales were 35 .99% ,26 .47% ,14 .69% and 14 .52% respectively .Cephalo-sporins andβ-lactamase inhibitor have been in the forefront of the antimicrobial agents in the sales amount .The sales amount of Ce-foxitin sodium and Piperacillin/tazobactam has rapid grow th ,for three consecutive years of antimicrobial agents in the sales amount ordering frist and second .2010~2013 ,Cephalosporins and Macrolides antibiotics has been in the forefront on the sorting of DDDs . The DDDs of antifungal drugs increased year by year ,quinolones and nitroimidazoles was declining .The DDDs of Clarithromycin tablets ,Azithromycin enteric-coated capsules and Roxithromycin Capsules in the front row .2011-2013 ,the DDC of Cefuroxime in-creased the larger from 15 .37 to 68 .06 .Conclusion The antibacterial drug sales amount of drug sales amount is reduced year by year from 2010 to 2013 ,and the application of antimicrobial agents is given priority to Cephalosporins ,Antifungal drug sustained growth ,Macrolides antibiotics and Penicillins keep at a high level .

A total of 587 keywords expressing the health information needs of diabetics were selected from diabetes-related 8762 questions covered in Yahoo Q and A, coded according to the cataloguing system and classification strategies of diabetes information, processed by text formatting, and clustered by multi-dimensional analysis, which showed that the most concerned health information in diabetics is the daily management, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes while rare attention is paid to its prevention.

[Objective]The paper was designed to introduce the Professor YE Jin's personal clinical experience which can provide an effective means for other pediatrician.[Method]By introducing the Professor YE Jin's personal clinical experience,we summarize the effective therapies about the infantile recurrent abdominal pain(RAP). [Result]According to the Professor YE Jin, the pathomechanism of RAP includes mainly cold stagnation, the indigestion, parasite and Qi stagnancy. RAP caused bycoldcan be treated from warming the middle-energizer and fending off the cold,RAP resulting from retention of food can be cured by removing the retention and invigorating the stomach, RAP incurred by ascaris can be cured by relieving ascariasis,expelling parasite and purgation simultaneously,and RAP resulting from Qi stagnation can be cured by soothing liver, regulating qi activity, rather than relieving pain merely. Based on the above-mentioned theory,she tends to use Liquorice and prefers Paeonia a lot in curing the disease, that is always effective in clinic as a result.The recurrence rate is also lower.One case was provided for verification.[Conclusion]Professor YE Jin thinks that warming the middle-energizer and fending off the cold, removing the retention and invigorating the stomach, the RAP can be improved the curative effect,and that can provide another idea for other clinicians.