OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving classification management and specifying standards of retail phar-macies in China. METHODS:The implementation status and standards of retail pharmacies'classification management in China were analyzed by using the method of comparative analysis. In view of the effects of classification management on retail pharmacy and its implementation difficulties,corresponding improvement measures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are difference in the implementation status and standards of retail pharmacies'classification management in the national provinces and cities. Since the implementation of pilot in 2007,the main effects include retail pharmacies facing the survival of the fittest whipsaws pattern,the remote township small retail pharmacies facing a transition;the main implementation difficulties include gov-ernment failing to give a full propoganda the classification management of retail pharmacies,the construction of licensed pharma-cist team to be strengthened. It is suggested to include the ability of pharmaceutical care and credit level into the standard,imple-ment dynamic management,and complement classification management of retail pharmacies with the construction of licensed phar-macist team.

BACKGROUND:Drug-eluting stents have achieved better treatment outcomes, but late stent thrombosis shakes its status. With the development of drug-eluting stents, loaded drugs are the key to reduce stent thrombosis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the screening and application of drug-eluting stents. METHODS:A computer-based search was performed for literatures published from 2010 to 2016 in databases of PubMed and WanFang using the keywords of“drug eluting stents;rapamycin (sirolimus);paclitaxel;heparin;zotarolimus;everolimus”in English and Chinese, respectively. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 eligible literatures were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUISON:An ideal drug-eluting stent can selectively inhibit vascular smooth muscle and is expected to be anti-coagulated, but makes no effects on vascular endothelial cel s or promoting the cel proliferation. Most of the loaded drugs are antithrombotic and anti-proliferative drugs, among which, rapamycin-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents are extensively used. Regardless of delaying the proliferation of vascular endothelial cel s and increasing the thrombosis risk, most of drug-eluting stents are stil loaded with these two drugs, and only few stents loaded with rapamycin derivatives, such as everolimus, zotarolimus, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Current research focuses on developing a stent with rapid drug releasing and anti-proliferative capacity. Meanwhile, the combination of drugs and biphasic releasing are another novel idea.

Bone marrow scintigraphy is a technology which is used in bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes may swallow colloidal imaging agent which is injected by intravenous, and the red bone marrow hematopoietic cells are consistent with mononuclear phagocytes. So it can indirectly observe the red bone marrow distribution. This technology can overcome disadvantage of the traditional biopsy which can only be partially drawn and can provide functional body imaging of bone marrow, simple and noninvasive. So it is used widely in the treatment of disease in the blood disease.

This article describes the introduction of concept of evidence-based medicine in gynecology and obstetrics education. We will use the problem-based education mode to improve the quality of gynecology and obstetrics education to bring up the students'habits of active learning,enhance their abilities of clinical thinking and promote their innovative consciousness.

Catheter-Related Infections ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Catheters, Indwelling ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control

Objective To explore the feasibility,efficent and safety of transuretheral enucleation of prostate combined with extraction of gland pieces from small lower mid-line incision(LMI).Methods One hundred and twelve patients with large benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated by modified transurethral nucleation of prostate,during the operation,the gland was divided into 2-3 parts which were extracted from a small LMI.Results In this method the operation time was 60-120 min with an average time of(70 ± 10)min and blood loss during operation was 60-400 ml with an average of(150 ± 15)ml.There was no severe complication during and after operation.At the 3 month after surgery,the urine flow rate(Qmax)increased from (7.5 ±2.4)ml/s to(16.0 ±2.5)ml/s,and urine residual volume(RUV)decreased from(75 ± 15)ml to (25 ± 10)ml,international prostate symptom score(IPSS)decreased from 25.5±:4.5 to 8.4 ± 1.3,and the quality of life(QOL)decreased from 5.5 ± 0.4 to 1.2 ± 0.3.All these changes were statistically significant (t =28.53,36.19,37.16 and 59.53,Ps ＜ 0.05).At the 6 month,no complications,e.g.,permenant uroclepsia,urethrostenosis or erection disfounction occurred.Conclusion Transurethral enucleation of prostate combined with gland extraction from LMI for large benign prostatic hyperplasia is safe and effective and it is worthy of generalization in clinical practice.

Smoking is one of the major risk factors for stroke. Both active and passive smoking may increase the risks of stroke, and the risks of stroke may decrease after smoking cessation, even no significant difference with non-smokers. Because of the different age, sex, smoking quantity, years of smoking, and regions of the smoking popuation, their strokes and the risks of all stroke subtypes are also different.

As an important inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNT-α) plays an important role in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The discussion of the dynamic changes, the mechanism of neurotoxicity and antagonizing the therapeutic effect of TNF-α in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury will provide theoretical basis for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

ObjectiveTo analyze and sum up treatment of paraquat intoxication. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 8 cases of paraquat intoxication. ResultOf the total number,2 cases abandoned treament, 1 case died,5 cases survived,of survival rate is 62. 5%. ConclusionWe take measures as early as possible, such as gastrolavaging completely, stomach intestine adsorbing, catharsis, continious blood purification and apply a large dose of xuebijing and hormone, thus can improve the survival rate of paraquat intoxication.