Objective To explore the changes of serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 on intracranial infection and its prognosis .Methods Totallly 100 patients with intracranial infection during February 2011 to December 2013 were selected as the research object .In 100 cases of intracranial infection patients ,30 cases were cured (group A) and 52 cases improved (group B) ,18 cases of illness or death as poor prognosis group (group C) .Serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 content of the subjects in different time point were detected .Results One day After infection ,serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 levels in intracranial infection group were obviously higher than that of healthy control group (P< 0 .01) ;7 d after infection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 average level among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after in‐fection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ;and in group C ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 was higher than group B (P< 0 .05) .7 d after infection ,the IL‐6 IL‐ 10 level of group A declined ,the IL‐6 ,IL‐ 10 levels of group B be‐gan decreasing 14 d after infection ,and the IL‐6 ,IL‐10 levels of group C had been in a rising trend .3 d after infection ,the PLA2 leves among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after infection ,the change rate increased ,7 d after infection ,PLA2 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ,and in group C ,PLA2 was higher than group B (P< 0 . 05) .7 d after infection ,the PLA2 level of group A declined ,in group B and group C ,PLA2 level began to decline significantly 14 d after infection .Conclusion IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 are closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of intracranial infection .

Objective:To investigate the affects of NOD2 on rapamycin (Rap)induced autophagy and on the proliferation and mi-gration of tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-1 5 cells.Methods:① Synthesized NOD2 over-expression plasmid and NOD2-shRNA were transfected into SCC-1 5 cells respectively.②Normal control SCC-1 5 cells,NOD2 over-expression cells and NOD2-shRNA cells were treated with Rap to induce autophagy.Then,the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 was examined by Western blot.Cell pro-liferation was tested by MTT assay.Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay.Results:①After Rap treatment,the expres-sion of protein LC3-Ⅱand Beclin-1 in NOD2 over-expression cells increased(P <0.05)and in NOD2-shRNA cells were suppressed (P <0.05).② Compared with control group,the proliferation and migration ability were decreased in NOD2 over-expression cells (P <0.05),but in NOD2-shRNA cells the proliferation and migration ability were increased(P <0.05).Conclusion:NOD2 can up-regulate the autophagy and suppress the proliferation and migration of tongue squamous SCC-1 5 cells.

Animals ; Camptothecin ; pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Sarcoma, Experimental ; immunology ; Transplantation, Isogeneic

Objective To explore the relationship of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with severity and prognosis in children with sepsis. Methods The RDW, clinical features and prognosis of 494 sepsis children were retrospectively ana-lyzed. Results The RDW was increased in 305 sepsis children (61.74%) among whom 49.30%in sepsis group, 60.27%in sever sepsis group and 83.46%in septic shock group. The difference was signiifcant (P<0.001). The mortality of RDW increased children among three groups was 1.89%, 20.45%, 67.57%, and it was signiifcantly different (P<0.001). The rates of increased RDW was 56.15%in 374 survived cases and 79.17%in 120 died cases, and the difference was signiifcant (P<0.001). Pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) was negatively correlated with RDW (P<0.001), while mortality was positively correlated with RDW (P<0.001). Conclusions The rate of increased RDW is high in children with severe sepsis and septic shock and the level of RDW is closely related to the prognosis of patients.

Objective To observe the effect of autophagy on paclitaxel-induced CaSki cell death through the regulation of the expression of autophagy gene Beclin1, and to explore the interaction and relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Methods Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Beclin1 and RNA interference vector pSUPER-Beclin1 were transfected into human cervical cancer CaSki cells in vitro and screened for stable expression cell lines. The formation of autophagic vacuoles was observed with an electronic microscope. The expression of Beclin1 and LC3 was measured by Western blot. After being treated with paclitaxel, the change of cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, the percentage of apoptotic cells and autophagic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A lot of autophagic vacuoles were observed in pcDNA3.1-Beclin1 cells by electronic microscopy. Beclin1 and LC3 protein expression was up-regulated in CaSki cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-Beclin1, and was inhibited in cells transfected with pSUPER-Beclin1. MTT assay revealed the survival rate of CaSki cells was significantly decreased after being transfected with pcDNA3.1-Beclin1. After being treated with paclitaxel, the percentages of apoptotic cells and autophagic cells were both increased in pcDNA3.1-Beclin1 group compared with that of the blank control group especially the increase of apoptosis was particularly evident. Conclusion Autophagy and apoptosis have different roles in the process of paclitaxel-induced cervical cancer CaSki cell line death. Overexpression of Beclin1 in CaSki cells may enhance the apoptosis induced by paclitaxel.

Objective To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on pregnant women before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.Methods Twelve counties (areas,cities) in Hangzhou were divided into urban,suburban and rural areas before and after adjusting the iodine content of salt.One survey spot was selected in each district and one hundred pregnant women were selected;family salt and urinary samples of each pregnant woman were collected.The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by the methods of picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer (WS/T 107-2006),respectively.Results One thousand two hundred and thirty-nine and one thousand two hundred and thirty-three household salt samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of salt iodine of pregnant women (23.30 mg/kg) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (30.09 mg/kg,x2 =-4.71,P ＜ 0.01).The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [93.92％ (1 158/1 233),93.84％ (1 157/1 233)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [91.85％ (1 138/1 239),91.37％ (1 132/1 239),x2 =4.01,5.51,all P ＜ 0.05].The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in urban and suburb areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [99.42％ (510/513),100.00％ (203/203),97.86％ (5021513),100.00％ (203/203)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [86.71％ (450/519),98.00％ (196/200),77.26％ (401/519),85.00％ (170/200)],but the iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in rural area before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [94.62％ (492/520),86.92％ (452/520)] were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [85.69％(443/517),76.98％ (398/517),x2=64.22,2.32,100.02,32.90,23.31,17.33,all P ＜ 0.05].One thousand two hundred and thirty-four and one thousand two hundred and thirty-one household urine samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.The median of urinary iodine (MUI,114.80 μg/L) of pregnant women after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (168.60 μg/L,x2 =36.92,P ＜ 0.01).The MUIs of pregnant women in urban,suburban,and rural areas (171.30,170.20 and 162.40 μg/L) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (101.00,149.48 and 119.90 μg/L,x2 =-7.78,-2.63,-6.28,all P ＜ 0.01).The differences of urinary iodine between groups were statistically significant in urban,suburban and rural areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (x2 =32.86,P ＜ 0.01),the MUI of pregnant women in urban areas was lower than those in the suburban and rural areas (x2 =6.70,8.13,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou,the iodine-nutrition level of pregnant women is decreased.But the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the MUIs in urban,suburb,rural areas are different,so the coverage of iodized salt at household level needs to be enhanced and the health education should be highlighted.

Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)plays an important role in glucose metabolism,and it may be affect the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy(DR).ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the effect of valsartan and fluvastatin on the expression of GSK-3β in retina of diabetes rat model.MethodsDiabetes mellitus models were induced by intrapenetoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) in 47 clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and were then randomedly divided into 4 groups.Ten other normal rats were served as normal control group.Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose solution was given by oral once per day for 12 weeks respectively in diabetes control group ( n =12),valsartan group ( n =12 ),fluvastatin group ( n =11 ),valsartau + fluvastatin group ( n =12 ) and normal control group.Twelve weeks after administration of drugs,blood glucose was measured and compared among various groups,and the expression of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) protein in retina was quantified and located by Western blot and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results Twelve weeks after use of drugs,the level of blood glucose was(5.28±0.30),(26.08±3.33 ),(26.03 ±2.66 ),(25.90± 2.86 ),(25.99 ± 2.14 ) mmol/L in the normal control group,diabetes control group,valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan + fluvastatin group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 5 groups ( F =110.74,P＜0.01 ).Western blot showed that the grey value of p-GSK-3β ( Ser-9 ) /β-actin in retina in the diabetic control group was significant higher than the normal group(2.774±0.139 vs 1.927±0.111,q =15.79,P＜0.01 ),and that in valsartan,fluvastatin,valsartan+fluvastatin group was lower than the diabetic control group ( 1.895 ±0.090,2.051 ± 0.113,1.537 ± 0.071 vs 2.774 ± 0.139 ) ( q =1 3.69,13.48,23.06,P ＜ 0.01 ).The grey value of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)/β-actin in the valsartan+fluvastatin group was declined in comparison with the valsartan group and fluvastatin group ( q =6.67,9.58,P＜0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry showed that the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed all over the retinal layers and obviously in retinal ganglion cell layer(GCL) in normal control group.But the p-GSK-3β(Ser-9) protein was expressed significantly in diabetic control group.The expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9)protein was attenuated both in valsartan and fluvastatin groups and further attenuated in valsartan + fluvastatin group. Conclusions p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) protein is overexpressed in GCL of retina of diabetes rat.Both valsartan and fluvastatin can inhibit the expression of p-GSK-3β (Ser-9) and even getting stronger when they combined.

Objective To evaluate the role of Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2-STAT3) signaling pathway in sevoflurane postconditioning-induced inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)in rats.Methods Sixty pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were divided into 4 groups (n=15 each) using a random number table:I/R group,sevoflurane postconditioning group (group SP),AG-490 group (group AG) and sevoflurane postconditioning plus AG-490 group (group SP+AG).Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group SP,2.8％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from 2 min before reperfusion.JAK2 inhibitor AG-490 3 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion in group AG.In group SP+AG,AG-490 3 mg/kg was intravenously injected at 10 min before reperfusion,and 2.8％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 15 min starting from 2 min before reperfusion.At 15 min of reperfusion,5 rats were sacrificed and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of the expression of JAK2,phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2),STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)in myocardial tissues by Western blot.The ratios of p-JAK2 to JAK2 expression (p-JAK2/JAK2) and pSTAT3 to STAT3 expression (p-STAT3/STAT3) were calculated.Five rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion for measurement of myocardial infarct size.The left 5 rats were selected and sacrificed,myocardial specimens were obtained,and the opening of mPTP was detected by a calcein-cobalt quenching method.Results Compared with group I/R,the myocardial infarct size and mPTP opening were significantly decreased,and JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were increased in group SP (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in SP+AG and AG groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group SP,the myocardial infarct size was significantly enlarged,the extent of mnPTP opening was aggravated,and JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/p-STAT3 were decreased in SP+AG and AG groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning inhibits the opening of mPTP during myocardial I/R is related to activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in rats.

Objective:To investigate the functional status of dendritic cells(DCs)in oral leukoplakia(OLK)tissues.Methods:The expression of DC-specific markers CD1 a,CD209,CD1 23 and CD83 in 20 cases of OLK with abnormal dysplasia,1 0 with simple dys-plasia and 1 0 of normal oral mucosa tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results:CD1 a and CD209 positive DCs were found in all cases.More CD1 a positive Langehans cells(LCs)in lamina propria were found in OLK with abnormal dysplasia than in normal o-ral mucosa and OLK with simple dysplasia(P <0.01 ).A great mount of CD209 positive stromal DCs were recruited in OLK.There was no CD83 positive and CD1 23 positive cell in normal oral mucosa,however,CD83 positive mature DCs and CD1 23 positive plasmacytoid DCs(PDCs)were observed in OLK(P <0.01 ).Conclusion:OLK is characterized by the recruitment of different subsets of DCs,the different DC subsets may play an important role in the development of OLK.

Objective To find out the cognition understanding of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) of target population in Xi’an City, and evaluate the effectiveness of a health education project on prevention and control of IDD. Methods By using the random number table, three towns in each project county were selected. Obeying the requirements of the education program for IDD control, the health education activities were implemented during 2007 - 2011. Before and after intervention, questionnaire was used to investigate the intervention effect. The primary school grade 5 students and women of childbearing age were included in the survey of IDD knowledge. Hierarchical random sampling method was used to select pupils and childbearing women. Results After health education, the rate of knowledge on IDD increased from 66.97%(13 321/19 890) to 93.49%(18 610/19 905,χ2 = 4 413.07, P < 0.05) among pupils, and 62.27%(6 193/9 945) to 93.96%(9 361/ 9 963, χ2= 2 924.18, P<0.05) among childbearing women. And the awareness had reached the national standard. But the survey results showed that: the rate of IDD related knowledge in rural areas was lower than that in town areas. The awareness rates of IDD in precaution, main hazards, identification of iodized salt were 46.50%(239/514), 55.25%(284/514) and 50.97%(262/514) among pupils in rural areas and 61.44%(376/612), 65.69%(402/612) and 70.59%(432/612) among pupils in town areas, and the awareness rates of pupils in rural areas were lower than those of pupils in town areas. Thirty-six point ninety-three per cent(226/612) of the pupils in towns and 35.60%(183/514) of the pupils in rural areas told this information to their parents. The awareness rates of IDD in precaution, main hazards, IDD prevention day were 49.25%(197/400), 50.75%(203/400) and 36.50%(146/400) among women in rural areas and 75.44%(298/395), 80.25%(317/395) and 57.97%(229/395) among women in town areas, and the rates of women in rural areas were lower than those of women in town areas. The rate of consciously purchasing of qualified iodized salt was 51.75%(207/400) and the consumption rate of iodized salt was 36.75%(147/400) among women in rural areas, which were 73.42%(290/395) and 43.80%(173/395) among women in town areas, and the rates in rural areas were lower than those in town areas. Conclusions Before health education of IDD, the rate of IDD related knowledge in Xi’an City is poor, rural areas are lower than town areas. Health education project is effective in promoting the understanding and grasp of IDD knowledge.