Radiotherapy is the main treatment method of early lung cancer not undergoing surgery for medical reasons and advanced non-resectable lung cancer. The local regional control of lung cancer requires high-dose irradiation, but this treatment is restricted by normal tissue tolerance. The measurement and control of errors are crucial for safe implementation of lung cancer precision radiotherapy. Lung tumor radiotherapy error sources, the methods to control these errors, and the error development trend are discussed in this review.

Objective To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD) and risk factors among adults received examina-tion in Yongchuan district of Chongqing .Methods 10 280 residents(older than 18 years) were selected ,who had health examina-tion in the Yongchuan Affiliated Hospital ,Chongqing Medical University ,Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Yongchuan people's hospital from January 2012 to December 2013 .Patients with CKD were identified by the examination dates .All of them were conducted with a questionnaire survey ,physical examination ,and renal damage and related risk indicator factors moni-toring for more than 3 months .Results Eligible dates of 10 021 subjects were enrolled in the study .The prevalence of albuminuria was 5 .1% ,hematuria in 8 .3% ,reduced renal function in 1 .4% .The CKD population prevalence rate was 15 .7% ,and the recogni-tion was 6 .4% .The Logistic regression model showed that hyperuricemia ,nephrolithiasis ,diabetes mellitus ,hypertension ,obesity and age contributed to the development of CKD .Conclusion The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is 15 .7% and the recognition is 6 .4% in urban healthy examination population of Yongchuan .Independent risk factors associated with CKD are hyperuricemia , nephrolithiasis ,diabetes mellitus ,hypertension ,obesity and age .

According to the present situation of our physics laboratories for teaching evaluation,considering the evaluation as a opportunity,the article probes into how to promote and strengthen the construction of physics laboratories and fully promote the reform and development of physics work.

Choroid neovascularization (CNV) is pathological proliferation of choroid vascular,accompanying with bleeding and leakage,is one of the major factors caused blindness,so CNV inhibitors have become a research hotspot.At present,researches on inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors,endogenous angiogenesis factors,redox and inflammatory response related factors,etc,have achieved certain progresses.In addition,as drugs with multiple targets for treatment,many Chinese herbs also show inhibition effect on CNV.This article reviews the research advances in inhibitors for CNV.

BACKGROUND: To delay the further aggravation of early femoral head necrosis, drilling decompression of the femoral head is a better treatment method. However, traditional trepanation and decompression of the femoral head is traumatic. OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in the effect between robot-assisted drilling decompression and traditional surgery for aseptic necrosis of femoral head. METHODS: Forty patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head were included for retrospective comparative analysis. According to the treatment plan, they were divided into two groups. Eighteen cases (26 femoral heads) in the robot group were treated with drilling decompression assisted by robots. Among them, 13 cases (18 femoral heads) were in Ficat stage I and 5 cases (8 femoral heads) were in Ficat stage II. The traditional surgery group consisted of 22 patients (29 femoral heads). Among them, 15 patients (19 femoral heads) were in Ficat stage I and 7 patients (10 femoral heads) in Ficat stage II. Incision, times of intraoperative fluoroscopy, intraoperative blood loss, times of intraoperative puncture and operation time were compared between the two groups. Harris score was used before and 1, 3, and 6 months after operation to evaluate the hip effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All cases were followed up for 6 months. (2) Incision, times of intraoperative fluoroscopy, intraoperative blood loss, times of intraoperative puncture and operation time were better in the robot group than in the traditional surgery group (P < 0.05). (3) Harris score was not significantly different 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery in the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Compared with the traditional surgery, robot-assisted drilling decompression has no obvious advantage in the treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. However, its operation incision is small; the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy is small; the trauma is small; and the operation is safer and minimally invasive.

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has been widely used in the studies on bone materials due to its good histocompatibility and bone conductivity. But pure hydroxyapatite has no antibacterial properties. Therefore, the antibacterial modification of hydroxyapatite is of great importance.OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the antibacterial modification of hydroxyapatite. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of Science Direct online, PubMed, and CNKI databases was performed for the articles published before 2019. The key words were “antibacterial mechanism, hydroxyapatite, silver, gold, copper, cobalt, chitosan, strontium, zinc, gallium, magnesium, selenium, titanium” in English and Chinese, respectively. The irrelevant, repeated and old articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many ways to modify hydroxyapatite, but the main way is to add metal antibacterial particles. Silver, gold, copper, cobalt, chitosan, strontium, zinc, gallium, magnesium, selenium and titanium can be added into hydroxyapatite to make it have antibacterial activity. There are still some limitations in the research of antibacterial materials: the release curve of antibacterial Ions in hydroxyapatite has not been well regulated. There are few antibacterial materials, let alone used for implants in vivo. More nontoxic substances with good antibacterial properties need to be found. Due to the toxicity of antibacterial Ions, there is no uniform standard for the optimal concentration of each kind of antibacterial ion.

Professor Jin Shi-yuan has been worked in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) over 70 years. He made prominent contributions in identification, processing, dispensing of TCM and reasonable use proprietary Chinese medicine. In over 70 years, he has mastered herbal medicine and traditional Chinese Medicine. It is also professor JIN's academic characteristic. Professor JIN's practical experiences were summarized according to the current situation about clinical medication, change of species of Juhong and Chenpi has been different from species of medical history. The quality is lower than before. Medicinal parts of Danggui, Gancao, Huangqin and Wuyao has been changed. So the actions of these herbal medicines have been changed also. Fresh herbal Qianchangpu has disappeared but it should be used clinically. Medical history, change of species, change of medicinal part, and change of preparing process in professor JIN's academic idea were be summarized periodically. The result is hoped to be referred by administration, manufacture, medical treatment of TCM.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; education ; history ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Herbals as Topic ; history ; standards ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history

Objective By comparing iron,copper,manganese,selenium and cobalt contents in serum of 135 patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction with that of control group.Methods Isoionic emission spectrometric assay.Results Iron,copper,manganese and cobalt contents in serum of the patients group increase(P

Objective This paper will study the effect of the replantation and full crown prosthesis in the treatment of refractory molar periapical disease as well as their related factors .Methods The retrospective analysis will be used in this paper.There were 98 patients who were diagnosed as refractory molar periapical disease in our dental clinic from 2012 to 2015.These 98 cases are divided into two groups:the study group and the control group .This paper will make a comparison of the study group which represents the replantation and full crown prosthesis in the treatment and the control group which re -presents endodontic therapy .Results Through the comparison , the average effective rate of the study group is 93.9%while the control group 65.3%.There is a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01) and the rate of the study group is higher than that of the control group .Conclusion Through the analysis , this paper finds that the joint optimization of replan-tation and full crown prosthesis can provide an unconventional approach to treat refractory periapical of teeth and effectively preserve the tooth .

Objective To explore the changes of IL-12,IL-18,IL-10 in the pleural fluid and serum of tuberculosis (TB)patients during the disease course.Methods 60 TB patients were selected as test subjects in this study,all patients with pleural fluid and serum were taken for testing.The pleural fluid and serum IL -12,IL -18 IL-10 changes,more naive patients and patients with pleural effusion retreatment and serum IL -12,IL -18,IL -10 content differences were observed and analyzed.Results Both in the initial treatment or retreatment group of pa-tients,the IL -12 and IL -10 levels in pleural effusion were significantly higher than those in the serum,the differ-ences were statistically significant(all P =0.000),and IL -18 content of pleural effusion in a little early treatment group was lower than that of the serum,the differences was not statistically significant(P =0.151),and the IL -12 and IL -10 contents in the pleural fluid and serum were higher than the retreatment of patients previously untreated patients.The IL -12 level in pleural effusion of Ⅱ type patients was (3 025.80 ±1 324.75)pg/mL,which in the ser-um was (498.84 ±326.73)pg/mL,which in the pleural effusion was significantly higher than in the serum(P =0.020),and the IL -12 levels in pleural effusion of Ⅲ -TB and Ⅳ type TB patients were also significantly higher than those in the serum,the differences were statistically significant(all P =0.000).The IL -18 level in pleural effu-sion of Ⅱ type patients was (1 735.54 ±872.65)pg/mL,which in pleural effusion of Ⅲ patients was (754.63 ± 426.87)pg/mL,in pleural effusion of Ⅳ patients was (655.19 ±412.63)pg/mL or so,and serum IL -18 levels in patients with different types of pleural TB had no obvious rule,the differences were not statistically significant(P =0.998 4).The IL -10 level in pleural effusion of Ⅱ type patients was (29.35 ±8.46)pg/mL,which in pleural effu-sion of Ⅲ patients was (183.49 ±56.76)pg/mL,which in pleural effusion of Ⅳ patients was (162.95 ±52.43)pg/mL,the IL -10 content of pleural in different clinical types of TB patients was different,which were significantly high-er than those in the serum,the differences were statistically significant(P =0.000).Conclusion TB patients in the disease,pleural effusion IL -12 and IL -10 are significantly higher than the serum,and retreatment of patients with pleural effusion IL -12,IL -10 levels are significantly higher than the untreated patients,but IL -18 in serum has no significant variation in pleural fluid.