Animal tumor models, as replicas of human tumors, are of important significance concerning the investigation of the mechanism of tumorigenesis, tumor progression, tumor prevention and therapy, when establishing animal tumor models, we should choose suitable species of animals and corresponding carcinogens. One species of animal differs greatly from others. The same carcinogen may induce different tumor in different species of animals. Thus it is most important that animals should be selected properly to obtain animal tumor models suitable for experiment. Animal tumor models comprise spontaneons tumor models, inducing tumor models and transplantable tumor models. This paper will focus on the transplantable animal tumor models. The sources of human tumors (transplanted to immunodeficiency animals) are mainly biopsy tissues, surgically resected tumor specimens and human tumor cell lines. The basic necessity to establish transplantable tumors includes collecting fresh, non-necrotic non-capsulated tumor tissue within 1-2 hours after resection, selecting host animal (including immunodeficiency animals) should be around 4 weeks old, and the most frequent innoculating site is dorsal subcutaneous. Successful establishment of transplantable tumor models should satisfy the following standards: 15 - 20 successive generations (at least 3 - 4 animals each generation); 100 % growth after transplantation; least self-extinction (not definitely zero); stable growth rate; similar life span of host (high reproductivity); low host response (suitable for in vivo growth in host); histological similarity with primary tumor.

0bjective:To compared the efficacy and safety of lornoxicam combined with tramadol used in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients undergoing renal transplatation. Methods:60 patients renal transplatation were randomly divided into Buprenorphine combined with tramadol group(I group) and lornoxicam combined with tramadol group(Ⅱ group). The PCA pump was started according to the need of patients.The efficacy was evaluated by both PAR(pain relief) and TOTPAR(total pain relief),coagulation、transplatation renal survival rate and adverse reactions were also observed.Results:No significant statistical difference in both PAR and TOTPAR as well as renal function were observed between the 2groups,but lornoxicam has less adverse effects.Conclusion:The analgesia effect of Ⅱ group used in PCA for renal transplatation comparable to that of I group but Ⅱ group with less adverse effects.

0.1 mv.The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups(n=16):group I was the control;in group Ⅱ, 1% lidocaine 2～3 mg/kg was infused to epidural space.Hemodynamics such as MAP,HR,left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) and ?dp/dt max were monitored pre- and 30min post-ligation.The extent of infarct area was determined by TTC staining.Results:After ligation,LVEDP increased and LVSP、?dp/dt max decreased in the control group.TEA significantly repressed the increasing of LVEDP and the decreasing of LVSP,?dp/dt max caused by LAD ligation.TEA could reduce the size of infarcted area while there was no significant difference in 4h,8h after ligation.Conclusion:TEA can significantly protect myocardium from injury in rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction.

With the rapid development of science and the education modernization project,the computer technology being introduced in function experiment teaching process is the significant measure in medical education reform.With the aid of the computer technology and the network technology,we can realize the medical education information teaching pattern.The computer will play the pivotal role either in the basic medicine teaching or in the experimental teaching,.

Results of observation on the relationship between the different implantation site and metastasis of cancer cells were reported. In the group of intramuscular implantation, lymphatic metastasis was 100%, lung metastasis also was 100% and metastasis in the kidney exhibited 26%. In the group of footpad inoculation, the lung metastasis was 84%, lymphatic metastasis presented 100%, kidney metastasis only exhibited 7%. in the group of intravenous inoculation, lung metastasis was 88%, itsr forms of metastasis most exhibited large nodules; lymphatic metastasis presented 74%; the large metastatic tumors were found in the gluteal part, dosal part, abdominal wall and some parts of four limbs. The survival time of tumor bearing mice of above three groups was more than 20 days. In the group of postocular venous plexus inoculation, lung metastasis was 60%, lymphatic metastasis was 65% In the group of intraspleenic inoculation, lung and liver metastases were 44% respectively. No metastasis was observed in lymph nodes. The survival time of tumor-bearing mice of latter two groups was in 7—14 days. Our results demonstrate the influence of the site of transplanted tumor on the formation of metastasis. The relationship between the site of transplanted and metastasis as well as metastatic mechanism are discussed.

In recent years, IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis attract more and more attention on their unclear pathogenesis, single diagnostic criteria, long duration and poor prognosis, etc. Research suggests that IgA nephropathy and purpura nephritis are IgA immune complex related diseases, and serum galactose-deficient is elevated in patients with these two dis-eases, which might become a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis prediction and disease development monitoring for IgA nephropathy and purpura nephritis. Galactose-deficient IgA1 is reviewed for its discovery, structure, process, the possible patho-genic mechanism and its significance in details in this paper.

Objective To assess the diaghosis vaIne of colposcopy in cervical disease.Methods 169 with patients colposcopyaere admitted in endoscopic biopsy.Results Colposeopy to be diagnosed as chronic cervicifis 121 cases(71.6%),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 27 cases(16.0%),6 cases of cervical cancer(3.6%),8 cases of cervical polyps(4.7%),incisive condyloma 7 cases(4.1%).Biopsy pathology report to the chronic cervicitis 123 cases(72.8%),cervical intraepithehal neoplasia 26 cases(15.4%),6 cases of cervical cancer(3.6%),8 cases of cervical polyps(4.7%),incisive condybma 6 cases(3.6%).The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy higher.Conclusion Colposcopy for cervical disease is similar to the result of the pathology results,Which has a very imporrant diagnostic value.Combining colposcopy and pathological diagnosis of a certain relevance,the organic integration of the two can significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis of cervical lesions.

Objective To investigate the expression of ?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor subunit proteins GluR2/3 in the postnatal rat cochlear nucleus(CN), and the relationship with the auditory brainstem response(ABR).Methods The thresholds of ABR of different age SD rats were recorded respectively,and the expression of GluR2/3 in CN was detected with FITC-immunocytochemistry.Results ①P1w SD rats did not show ABR wave, and there was no significant difference in the ABR threshold among P4w,P9w and P15w SD rats. ②GluR2/3 was expressed in all sorts of neurons of CN of every postnatal groups, the expression of P4w rats was denser than that of P1w, P9w and P15w rats. The immunostaining of P4w rats was located at the cell membrance, while P9w and P15w rats in the endochylema majoritily. Conclusion The different expression and distribution of GluR2/3 in different age rat CN may be involved in the development of auditory centre.

0.1 mV. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 12 animals in each group: Ⅰ control group in which normal saline 0.2-0.3 ml?kg-1 was injected through epidural catheter; Ⅱ epidural group in which 1% lidocaine 2-3 mg?kg-1 was injected epidurally; Ⅲ propofol group in which propofol was infused iv at 20 mg ? kg-1 ?h-1 for 30 min; Ⅳ combined epidural-propofol group in which epidural 1% lidocaine and propofol iv were both administered. Blood samples were taken before and 4 h, 8 h after ligation for determination of serum concentrations of myocardial troponin I (cTn I ) and MDA and serum SOD activity.The myocardial tissue was taken from the infarct area for determination of the apoptotic myocyte count (TUNEL) and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expressions (LSAB) . Results In control group serum cTn I and MDA increased and SOD decreased significantly after ligation of LAD. Thoracic epidural anesthesia, propofol iv infusion and especially the combination of them suppressed the increase in serum cTn I and MDA and decrease in serum SOD induced by ligation of LAD.In epidural-propofol group and propofol group the apoptotic myocytes count and p53 protein expression significantly decreased, the Bcl-2 protein expression increased as compared with those in control group. Conclusion Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with propofol can significantly protect myocardium from injury induced by myocardial infarction. This action is mediated by the depression of myocyte apoptosis and the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.

Objective:To summarize the differences and similarities in the detection methods for residual solvents between Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics 2015 edition and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition so as to provide reference for the improve-ment of the detection methods for residual solvents in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics. Methods:The type and limitations of residual solvents and the characteristics of the test methods for residual solvents between Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics 2015 edition and Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition were compared and analyzed. Results: The detection methods for residual sol-vents in Chinese Pharmacopoeia were more detailed. The detection methods for residual solvents in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics were general detection method, and the process could be applied in the detection of more solvents. Some detection methods were short of limitations. Conclusion:The control of residual solvents in cosmetics should be improved if the limitations table of the limiting used solvents is introduced into Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics referring to Chinese Pharmacopoeia and increase the types of residual solvents detected by the general methods.