Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of hormone combined mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus (FK506) multiple targets treatment ,hormone combined intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse (IVC ) in the induction treatment of lupus nephritis .Methods The RCTs of MMF plus FK506 versus IVC in LN were searched from PubMed ,EMbase ,the Cochrane , CBM ,and CNKI .The literature were screened according to include and exclude standards ,evaluated the quality of the included stud-ies ,and performed meta-analyses using Revman 5 .1 software .Results It was identified 44 domestic RCTs papers including 331 pa-tients .Meta-analysis showed that multiple target therapy group had significantly superiority to IVC group in the induction treatment of Ⅴ + Ⅳ LN (RR=3 .94 ,95% CI 2 .10-7 .38 ,P<0 .01) ,while with no significant advantage for other pathological types of LN patients .Gastrointestinal reaction ,abnormal liver function ,the incidence of leukopenia ,menstrual disorders in multiple target thera-py group were significantly lower than that of IVC group for LN ,while the incidence of new hypertension group was significantly higher than the IVC group .Moreover ,multiple target therapy group could significantly reduce urine protein ,increase serum albumin and had a significantly higher anti-dsDNA negative conversion rate compared with IVC group .Conclusion Multiple target therapy is more effective than IVC for Ⅴ + Ⅳ LN in Chinese patients and with better security .Further large-scale RCTs are needed to con-firm these results .

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms of Ca2 + -ATPase isomer 2 gene (PMCA2) in plasma membrane and the development of sudden deafness .Methods Totally ,164 patients were investigated and hearing tests were conducted .According to the results of audiometry ,they were divided into two groups ,sensorineural hearing loss group(n= 82) and normal hearing group(n= 82) .Polymorphisms of two single nucleotide loci rs2289274 and rs6790640 in the PMCA2 gene were de-termined by polymerase chain reaction followed by allele specific amplication analysis .Results In the sudden deafness group ,fre-quencies of genotypes AA ,AG and GG in the rs2289274 locus were 55 .8% ,17 .4% and 26 .8% respectively ,while frequencies of al-leles A and G in the same locus were 64 .5% and 35 .5% respectively ;in the sensorineural hearing loss group ,were 26 .8% ,28 .0%and 45 .2% respectively ,while frequencies of alleles A and G were 41 .1% and 58 .9% .And ,in the sudden deafness group ,frequen-cies of genotypes CC ,CT and TT in the rs2289274 locus were18 .3% ,35 .4% and 46 .3% respectively ,while frequencies of alleles C and T in the same locus were 36 .3% and 63 .7% ;in the normal hearing group ,were 2 .4% ,63 .4% and 34 .1% respectively ,while frequencies of alleles C and T were34 .1% and 65 .9% ,respectively .Genotypes distribution of two sites and their allele frequencies of the two groups ,some differences of them had statistical significance(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion It is suggested that genetic polymor-phism of the rs2289274 and rs6790640 loci in the PMCA2 gene might be a susceptible factor for sudden deafness .

Activating Transcription Factor 1 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To improve the management of the complications in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Methods Bone pain, anemia, urinary tract obstruction, hematuria and edema in the lower extremities and scrotum of patients with prostate cancer were managed with analgesics(24 cases), bisphosphonates(14 cases), isotope strontium-89(6 cases), external beam irradiation(9 cases), blood transfusion(9 cases), TURP(7 cases), superpubic cystostomy(8 case), percutaneous nephrostomy(4 case) and cysto-irrigation(6 case). Results 16 patients were alived and 10 were died of respiratory or circulation failure . The patients were relieved from pain and the other complications for several months after the palliative measures had been taken. Conclusions Bone pain, anemia, urinary tract obstruction and hematuria are common complications of advanced prostate cancer. They may have great impact on the life quality of patients. Diverse therapeutic modalities should be employed to palliate these disabling symptoms.

Background Researches have suggested that the defocus can induce the change of static visual acuity,but whether it produce influence on dynamic visual acuity is not clear.Objective This study was to investigate the impact of myopic defocus on static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity and explore the essential difierence between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity. Methods Forty volunteers were enrolled in this trial.including 20 adults with the age of 27.4±1.64 years and 20 children with the age of 11.70+1.49 years.All the eyes of subjects received regular examined to excluded the eye disease with the best corrected vision of ≥1.0 D,astigmatism of ≤0.75 D and anisometropia ＜1.50 D.+1.00 D,+1.50 D,+2.00 D,+2.50 D slasses were ware respectively for the defocus on the foundation of full correction.Dynamic visual acuity was inspected by using selfmade DVA-I training software.and static visual acuity wag tested by static visual acuity chart (Precision Vision,CAT.NO.2125).This clinical trial complied with the Helsinki Declaration and obtained the approval of Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was received from each individual prior to the protocol. Results The dynamic and static visual acuities were gradually decreased with the elevation of defocus (F=506.907,P=0.000).No significant differences were found between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity in adult or children at various defocus(P＞0.05).The regression linear analysis showed that a positive correlation between static visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.819,t=26.72,P=0.000) or dynamic visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.826,t=27.42,P=0.000).The slope and intercept between defocus with static visual acuity were steeper than that between defocus and dynamic visual acuity (slope:F=34.18,P=0.000;intercept:F=1005.56,P=0.001). Conclusion The effect of defocus on static visual acuity is different from that of dynamic visual acuity.It could be speculated that dynamic visual acuity is related not only to refractive systems but also other factor.

Objective:To study the relationship among brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV ) ,level of high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP ) and blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) . Methods :A total of 102 T2DM patients and 60 healthy people undergoing physical examination (normal control group) were selected .According to level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ,T2DM patients were divided into normal HbA1c group (n=44 ,HbA1c≤6. 5% ) and HbA1c elevating group (n=58 ,HbA1c>6. 5% ) .BaPWV ,lev‐els of blood lipids ,blood glucose and hsCRP were measured and compared among above groups .Results:Compared with normal control group ,there were significant rise in hsCRP level [(1.82 ± 0.2) mg/L vs . (2.7 ± 0.1) mg/L vs . (3.5 ± 0.1) mg/L] and baPWV [ (1412 ± 95) cm/s vs . (1755 ± 72) cm/s vs . (2040 ± 105) cm/s] in normal HbA1c group and HbA1c elevating group (P<0.01 all) ,and hsCRP level and baPWV of HbA1c elevating group were sig‐nificantly higher than those of normal HbA1c group ,P<0.05 both .Conclusion:Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and level of hsCRP of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are significantly higher than those of normal subjects , and those of patients with poor blood glucose control are significantly higher than those of patients with good blood glucose control .Active blood glucose control can delay atherosclerosis progress .

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells with TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal transition and potential mechanism.Methods The primary epithelial cells from human intrahepatic bile ducts were cultured,the cells were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy.The cells were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group,TGF-β1 group and TGF-β1+5-FU group.The expression of CK-19,E-cadherin,vimentin and α-SMA protein were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot assay.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of TGF-β1.Real-time PCR to detect mRNA expression of TGF-β1,Ⅰand collagen type Ⅲ.Results The primary epithelial cells of intrahepatic bile ducts were successfully cultured.In TGF-β1 group,the protein expression of vimentin,α-SMA and the mRNA expression levels ofⅠand collagen type Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of normal control group(P<0.05),the protein expression of CK-19 and E-cadherin protein were lower than that of normal control group(P<0.05),TGF-β1protein and mRNA expressions were significantly higher compared with that of normal control group(P<0.05).In TGF-β1+5-FU group,the protein expression levels of CK-19 and E-cadherin protein were higher than that in normal control group(P<0.05),the protein expression level of vimentin,α-SMA and the mRNA expression level of collagen type Ⅲ were significantly lower than that of TGF-β1 group(P<0.05),while there was no significantly difference in collagen typeⅠmRNA between the two groups(P>0.05),TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expressions were significantly lower as compared with that of normal TGF-β1 group(P<0.05).Conclusions 5-FU could inhibit TGF-β1-induced biliary epithelial-mesenchymal transition with down-regulated expression of TGF-β1.

Objective:To compare the anti-obesity effect of green tea and black tea polyphenols and investigate their molecular mechanisms. Method:Rats were divided randomly into four groups:control group,high-fat group,high-fat diet with green tea polyphenols(GTP) supplement group,and high-fat diet with black tea polyphenols(BTP) supplement group. Body weight was determined every 2 w. After 3 months,the changes of epididymal fat tissues weight and serum lipids were observed. Expressions of those genes associated with adipocyte differentiation in epididymal fat tissues of rats were measured by real-time transcription-polymerase chain reaction,including pref-1,aP2,TNF-?,leptin,PPAR-?,C/EBP-? . Results:Both GTP and BTP prevented the increase of body weight and fat induced by high-fat diet and profoundly down-regulated those adipocyte-specific genes,including aP2,TNF-?and leptin. In addition,GTP also up-regulated the pre-adipocye marker — pref-1 and reduced the expression of transcription factor,peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor(PPAR-?) . Conclusion:Tea polyphenols could prevent obesity by reversing the adipocyte differentiation,and GTP possessed stronger inhibitory effect than BTP.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with pericardial effusion.Methods Four hundred and sixty-three pericardial effusion patients (211 males and 252 females) aged 5-92 (57.1±19.4) years admitted to Peking University People's Hospital were divided into 5-39 years old group (n=92),40-59 years old group (n=138),and 60-92 years old group (n=233).Their clinical data were analyzed.Results The top 3 etilogical factors of pericardial perfusion were tumor (22.7％),immune disease (15.8％) and unknown reasons (14.7％).The incidence of pericardial effusion due to immune disease and hypothyroidism was significantly higher while that of pericardial effusion due to chronic renal disease and tuberculosis was significantly lower in female patients than in male patients (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The incidence of pericardial effusion due to immune disease,unknown reasons and hematopathy was significantly different in 3 groups (33.7％ vs 18.8％ vs 6.9％,9.8％ vs 8.0％ vs 20.6％,18.5％ vs 13.8％ vs 3.0％,P＜0.01).The most common risk factors for pericardial effusion were heart failure,infection,hypoproteinemia and renal insufficiency,with infection accounting for 61.6％.Conclusion ≥1risk factors can aggravate pericardial effusion in most pericardial effusion patients

Much attention has been paid to photocatalytic oxidation in the field of air and water purification. Photocatalytic oxidation employs semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO as a photocatalyst in ultraviolet radiation. Several factors which affect photocatalytic decomposition were discussed in the present paper. Photocatalytic oxidation technique is applicable for the elimination of gas-phase contamination in air.