Objective To find a grading method for assisting in evaluating hypoxia degree of patients with pulmonary heart disease non-invasively. Methods To design a quantitative method to score degree of hypoxia of 67 patients with pulmonary heart disease by using acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) as a frame and to make comparative analysis between the grading result and artery blood gas to find the correlation. Results There was a negative correlation between evaluation mark and pH、PaO2、SaO2 and a positive correlation between the evaluation mark and PaCO2, according to statistics. Conclusions Although the grading table of hypoxia evaluation can not substitute blood gas analysis, acting as a non-invasive method to assist in evaluating the hypoxia degree of patients with pulmonary heart disease, it can not only relieve patients' repeated punctuation pain, but also achieve the goal of estimating hypoxia.Consequently the non-invasive method to evaluate hypoxia is of clinical value.

Neuroanatomy knowledge is the key to improve the teaching quality of neurosurgery and anatomy teachers' participation in neurosurgery teaching can obviously improve teaching effect. Combined with case-based teaching, we enabled medical students to master the system knowledge from the basic to the clinical , cultivating their clinical thinking ability and the ability to solve clinical problems. Cooperation between clinical medicine teachers and basic medicine teachers can promote the update of knowledge, work out teaching plans together, and improve the quality of teaching.

Protons and heavy ion radiation therapy have proven highly effective against a wide range of cancers and in recent decades there have been rapid advances.Due to the physical characteristics of the Bragg-peak and superior biological properties,proton and heavy ion radiation is able to focus its energy on the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding normal tissues and organs,which is expected help enhance the tumor dose and reduce normal tissue damage.In recent years,many studies have explored the efficacy and safety of proton and heavy ion radiotherapy on various malignancies,such as head and neck cancer,lung cancer,esophageal cancer,and liver cancer.The results of these studies enable a better understanding of the characteristics and advantages of proton and heavy ion therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the method of pharmaceutical care which influence the effect of the treatment for diabetes mellitus at home. METHODS:163 patients with diabetes mellitus in community who received treatment at home were selected, and then randomly divided into control group (58 cases),family visit group (51 cases) and group education group (54 cases);control group were given pharmaceutical intervention with traditional dispensing window;family visit group received door-to-door service or telephone follow-up service;group education group were given collective education and interactive way. The latter two groups were all given regular drug education,and the advisory desk was set up and provided consulting services about medication knowledge. RESULTS:After providing pharmaceutical care,the regular medication rate of 3 groups were 43.1%,64.8% and 78.4%;medication adherence were 51.7%,70.4% and 82.4%;the rates of blood glucose at target level were 29.3%,48.1% and 54.9%;the rates of glycosylated hemoglobin at target level were 13.7%,31.5% and 31.4%,ADR occurance rates were 31.0%, 13.0%,5.9%. These index of family visit group and group education group were all better than those of control group significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Humane pharmaceutical care can improve the quality and effect of the treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Objective To discuss the predictable factors for the occurrence of intra-operative aneurysm rupture(IAR).Methods A total of 84 patients with 101 aneurysms treated by neurosurgical clipping from September 2009 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The statistic analysis was performed for the risk factors of IAR such as aneurysm location,aneurysm sac,dome/neck ratio,direction,pre-operative Hunt-Hess Scale,history of hypertension and operation time.Results Eighteen cases (21.4％) occurred LAR (18 (17.8％) of aneurysms) during the operations,2 patients (2.4％) died.Statistic analysis revealed that preoperative Hunt-Hess scale (P =0.042),history of hypertension (P =0.038),aneurysm sac (P =0.012),dome/neck ratio(P=0.027),direction (P =0.010) and operation time (P =0.002) were the predictable factors for the occurrence of IAR,while the location of aneurysm was not included (P =0.199).Conclusion The IAR may be the result of the synthesis of various factors in the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms clipping.Hypertension history,Hunt-Hess scale,direction,aneurysm sac,operation time and dome/neck ratio 1.78-2.89 are the predictable factors for the occurrence of IAR and the combination of various factors leads to the occurrence of IAR.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice.However,the therapeutic effects of traditional antiarrhythmic medicines are far from satisfactory,because of the high rate of arrhythmia recurrence and the potential proarrhythmia effect.Recently,with the further investigation of the mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate atrial fibrillation,and the support of extensive data from clinical trials and animal experiments,thera-peutics based on anti-inflammation,antioxidation,regulation on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)and gap junction may be new therapeutic targets for the treatment of arrhythmia.In this paper,the potential molecular mechanisms involved in these processes and several clinical trials about some non-traditional antiarrhythmic medi-cines were reviewed,in order to propose a new idea about the development of antiarrhythmic medicines.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the digestive system.Most of the patients with gastric cancer have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.Chemotherapy is still the mainstay of treatment for advanced gastric cancer,but efficacy of chemotherapy was modest.Molecular targeted therapies have emerged as a novel approach to the treatment of both hematological and solid tumors in recent years.The understanding of molecular biological mechanisms underlying the formation,progression and metastasis in advanced gastric cancer has enabled us to use the new approach to treat this disease in clinical practice.These therapeutic strategies include targeting EGFR signal transduction pathway,anti-angiogenesis,targeting NF-?B signal transduction pathway and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.In this review,a brief introduction of the current status of the molecular targeted therapies in the treatment of gastric cancer was presented.Bevacizumab,anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody targeting the angiogenesis pathway has been approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer by FDA,has been reported to show effectiveness in metastatic gastric cancer when combined with cytotoxic agents.Inhibition of NF-?B signal transduction pathway such as PS-341(proteasome inhibitor,bortezomib) approved for the treatment of refractory or recurrent multiple myeloma by FDA has also been used to combine with chemotherapy for gastric cancer.There are also encouraging reports on the combination of standard chemotherapy with Cetuximab,Matuzumab,Gefitinib,Erlotinib and Trastuzumab which target the EGFR and HER2 signal transduction pathways.Flavopiridol is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with low molecullar weight that aims at the regulatory process of the cell cycle but this needs further clinical trial.

Objective To investigate the relation of DNA content and SPF to the clinicopathological characteristic in lung cancer.Methods Fresh specimens taken from 56 patients with lung cancer and 36 patients with non-malignant pulmonary lesions were measured for DNA index(DI),S-phase fraction(SPF) by using FACSCalibur 4200 flow cytometry.Results ① DNA index(DI) of lung cancer was 1.18?0.33,0.99?0.07 in lung cancer and non-malignant groups,respectively.The percentage of heteroploid was 78.6% in lung cancer,(5.6%) in non-malignant.DI and the positive rate of heteroploid were significantly higher in lung cancer groups than that in non-malignant group(P0.05);③ It was demonstrated that SPF was significant higher in lung cancer groups than that in non-malignant group. The SPF of heteroploid tumors was higher than that of diploid tumors(P

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of 5 kinds of heavy metal elements in Astragalus membranaceus from Longxi of Gansu province,i.e. Pb,Cd,Cu,As,Hg. METHODS:Wet digestion pretreatment was carried out for samples and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metal elements. RESULTS:The contents of 5 kinds of heavy metal elements in A. membranaceus from Longxi of Gansu Province were lower than the limit. CONCLUSION:AAS method can accurately determine the content of heavy metal elements in A. membranaceus.

An animal model of hemorrhagic shock is widely applied .It is an important platform to clarify the pathogenic mechanism, develop hemostasis materials , test first aid equipments and filter resuscitation medications .This paper summa-rizes the commonly used animal models of hemorrhagic shock at home and abroad , focusing on animal selection , model cre-ation, influencing factors , and fields of application in order to provide useful reference for model selection and application by medical practitioners and researchers .