BACKGROUND:Osteoblasts with high purity and activity are essential for bone metabolism research. OBJECTIVE:To explore a simple and effective culturing method of primary osteoblasts. METHODS:Osteoblasts were isolated from the parietal and frontal bones of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats using trypsin and collagenase digestion and tissue explant method. The morphology of osteoblasts was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope;the cells was counted to draw the growth curve;the osteoblasts were identified by alkaline phosphatase BCIP/NBT staining and alizarin red staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cells showed spindle, triangle or polygon shapes, having two or three protrusions. There were abundant mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum under electron microscope, which presented the typical characteristics of osteoblasts. The cell growth was slow intially, accelerating at the 3rd day, and peaking at the 7th day. The cells were highly positive for alkaline phosphatase staining and were stained orangered through the alizarin red staining. To conclude, the cells isolated using enzymatic digestion combined with tissue explant method exhibit the typical characteristics and functions of osteoblasts, and this method is an ideal way to culture primary osteoblasts.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors for fungal infection following pancreatoduodenectomy and offer the theoretical foundation for preventing the emergence of complications after operation. Methods Medical records from 562 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in this hospital from 1995 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed by using single factor and non-condition Logistic regression analyse. Results ①Seventy-eight patients (13.9%) developed invasive fungal infection. The most frequently isolated fungal were Candida albicans accounted for 67.0%, and followed by Candida glabrata, Candida papasilosis and Candida tropicalis and gastrointestinal tract was the most common infection site, followed by respiratory tract, abdominal cavity. ②Fungal infection occurred significantly more often in patients with the length of time in parenteral nutrition, antibiotic use or abdominal cavity complications. Conclusion The most common infection site and isolated fungal associated with pancreatoduodenectomy were gastrointestinal tract and Candida albicans. Abdominal cavity complications such as pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula and abdominal infection and extended use parenteral nutrition and antibiotic are the most important factors leading to invasive fungal infection after pancreatoduodenctomy. Eliminating the various risk factors will decrease the incidence of fungal infection.

this paper discussed that the concept of conformal model,the method,the request and the meaning of conformal model for radiotherapy.It is measured that the thickness of low-melting point lead is 6 cm for 60Coγ-ray,is 8 cm for 6 MV and 15 MV X-ray when transmision rate is lower 5%.

Objective To investigate the value of application of multi-slice helical CT(MSCT) indiagnosis of basicranial fracture. Methods Sixty-two patients with basicranial fracture were scanned withthin-section scanning mode after conventional CT scanning The images were transferred to the work-station for reconstruction including multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), volume rendering (VR). Comparison between thin-section scanning images and conventional CT scanning images were performed. Results Compared with the conventional CT scanning (67.9% and 45.0% respectively),the rates of fracture displayed of images acquired from thin-section scanning in diagnosis of fractures of anterior and middle cranial fossa (100.0% and 95.0% respectively) ,P＜0.01. The two scanning mode in diagnosis of fractures of posterior cranial fossa( 88.9% and 100.0% respectively )differed from each other unstatistically(P＞0.05 ). ConclusionThe thin-section scanning of MSCT can improve the diagnostic correctness of basicranial fracture.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and its related influencing factors of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse.Methods:A total of 200 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ repeated uterine prolapse treated by surgery at Jintan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from January 2017 to June 2019. The patients received vaginal hysterectomy. The clinical data and postoperative pathological results of patients were collected to observe the incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, and the influencing factors of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion were analyzed.Results:Of the 200 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ repeated uterine prolapse, 20 cases (10.0%) had cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, including 17 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 3 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The differences of age, disease course of uterine prolapse, birth times, proportion of family history of tumor, proportion of cervicitis, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate, classification of uterine prolapse, and the proportion of flushing before husband's sexual life between patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and patients without squamous intraepithelial lesion were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The logistic analysis showed that disease course of uterine prolapse ( OR = 2.381, 95% CI 1.337-9.050, P = 0.002), cervicitis ( OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.113-3.015, P = 0.032), high-risk HPV infection ( OR = 1.425, 95% CI 1.124-6.234, P = 0.020), and uterine prolapse classification ( OR = 1.632, 95% CI 1.204-7.624, P = 0.015) were independent influencing factors associated with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse. Conclusion:The incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion in patients with repeated uterine prolapse is high, and the risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion is increased in patients with disease course >10 years or grade Ⅳ uterine prolapse.

Objective: To evaluate the status of dietary diversity and determinants among school age left behind children. Methods: A total of 501 children aged 9-10 years in Sheyang Mini Cohort Study were enrolled from Sheyang City in Jiangsu Province during 2019. A questionnaires survey was administrated to collect left behind and socioeconomic information. Twenty four hour dietary recall survey was conducted, dietary diversity score (DDS 10 and DDS) and food variety score (FVS) were computed according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Weight and height of children were measured and sex and age standardized body mass index was used to define obesity. Multivariable regression models were preformed to explore the determinants of dietary diversity in school age left behind children. Results: The proportion of left behind children was 40.9%. The mean value and standard deviation of three kinds of dietary diversity score (DDS 10 , DDS, FVS) in left behind children were (5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44) and (13.48± 4.23 ), respectively. All of these were lower than that in non left behind children (DDS 10 :5.99±1.29; DDS:6.79±1.40; FVS:14.15±4.22). Significant difference in DDS 10 between left behind and non left behind children was observed ( P =0.01). The results of multivariable regression demonstrated that gender, passive smoking, family education level and family economic status were related to dietary diversity scores ( P <0.05). Conclusion Dietary diversity in school age left behind children was not optimistic and gender, passive smoking, parental education level, family economic status and left behind situation play a critical role in dietary diversity among these children.

Objective: To analyze the impact of persistent obesity on their lung function, so as to offer insights for implementing intervention measures to increase lung function in obese school age children. Methods: A total of 335 children from the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort established in 2009 in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, who participated in the follow up at the ages of 7 years (2016) and 10 years (2019), were selected as the study participants. Physical measurements including height, weight, and lung function were recorded. According to the World Health Organization standard, that is, gender and age specific to correct the body mass index to calculate the body mass index Z score, was used to evaluate the obesity status of children at the age of 7 and 10. Children were divided into four groups, including sustained non obesity group, restored obesity group, newly classified obesity group, and persistent obesity group. Meanwhile, the lung function prediction equations recommended by the Global Lung Function Initiative were used to standardize the lung function indexes of children. Pulmonary function differences among these groups were examined, and the relationship between childhood obesity and pulmonary function was longitudinally analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence of obesity were 9.0% and 16.1% at the age of 7 and 10 years, respectively. The proportion of both newly classified and persistent obesity group were 8.1%, respectively. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were (1 269.90±202.70) and (1 415.70±230.00) mL, respectively, at the age of 7 years. FEV 1 and FVC at the age of 10 years were (1 440.80±403.20) and (1 555.60±517.60) mL, respectively. Cross sectional analysis at age 7 showed that forced expiratory flow at 75% vital capacity (FEF 75 ) ( β=-0.52, 95%CI =-0.96--0.07) and maximal mid expiratary flow (MMEF) ( β=-0.45, 95%CI =-0.89--0.00) were significantly lower in obese children compared to their non obese peers ( P < 0.05). Longitudinal analysis indicated that obese children had lower levels of lung pulmonary function, with a statistically significant difference in FEV 1 ( β=-0.44, 95%CI=-0.85--0.02, P <0.05). There was no significant difference among the various obesity groups ( P >0.05), while gender stratified results revealed significant reductions in FEV 1/FVC in newly classified obese girls at age 10 years ( β=-1.76, 95%CI =-3.13--0.38) and in MMEF in persistently obese girls at age 10 years ( β=-1.44, 95%CI = -2.79- -0.09) ( P <0.05). Conclusion Obesity may contribute to reduced lung function levels in school aged children, with newly classified and persistent obesity having more pronounced effects on lung function in girls.