Spinal cord injury is a traumatic disorder resulting in a functional deficit that usually leads to severe and permanent paralysis.Now several strategies including pharmacological and rehabilitation therapies are not effective treatments for spinal cord injury.Recently stem cell transplantion caused extensive concerns from scholars because of its feasibility in theories and definite effectiveness in experiments.Stem cell types used in spinal cord injury therapy include embryonic stem cells,neural stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.We extensively review the related articles in recent years,discusse and analyze current situations and perspectives of different stem cells transplantion for treating spinal cord injury.

Bladder cancer stem cells may give the cause of the recurrence and metastasis of bladder cancer patients,and CD47 mediated the suppress of cytophagy maybe the important mechanism of cancerous cells' immunologic escape.It is practical to isolate bladder cancer stem cells and cure the bladder cancer by targeting the CD47.In this paper,the authors will address the progress of bladder cancer stem cells and CD47 as therapeutic target.

The effect of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone on myocardial contractility and relaxation after acute coronary occlusion in rabbits and the relationship between its effect and ?-adrenergie receptor were observed. The results showed that during the early stage of acute coronary occlusion myocardial contractility and relaxation were significantly increased and cardiac function was improved by naloxone; The action of naloxone can be abolised by ?-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol. These results indicated that there was a close correlation between the action of naloxone on myocardial contractility and relaxation and the adrenergic nerve activity.

Background and purpose:Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is useful in helping to identify the molecular changes closely related to renal cell carcinoma. We explored the different expression of sera protein between human renal cell carcinoma patients and normal to screen renal cancer-specific biomarkers. Methods:The protein mass spectrometry of 28 cases with renal cell carcinoma and 28 normal persons were detected by WCX2 protein chip combining with SELDI-TOF-MS technique for screening the different proteins. Serum samples from 28 patients with clear renal cell carcinoma and 28 normal persons were used to detect biomarkers for clear renal cell carcinoma by SELDI-TOF-MS technique with WCX2 Proteinchip. Results:170 effective protein wave crests between 1.5?103-30?103(1.5-30 kD) were detected. Seven proteins were specifically detected in sera of patients with clear renal cell carcinoma, but not in normal donor. The proteins with MW 4.098,5.917,6.643 ?103 were down-regulated ,and four proteins with MW 5.572,6.344,6.529,8.518 ?103 were up-regulated. Conclusion:Detection of specific protein in human renal cell carcinoma sera is significant both for determination of clinical specific biomarkers and study of cancer development mechanism.

Objective To understand the ultrastructure of detrusor musculature in areflexia neurogenic bladders. Methods The detrusor secured from the anterior wall of bladders was studied and compared by means of transmission electron microscope in 11 patients with areflexia neurogenic bladder during cystomyoplasty with musculus rectus abdominis and in 7 accidentally deceased young men in autopsy. Results Ultrastructural changes of de differentiation of detrusor cells were observed in areflexia neurogenic bladders,such as inconsistent contours,malalignment and disarray.Wide separation between muscle cells with reduction of intermediate cell junction and with abundant collagen fibrils and irregular dense structures between individual cells were noted.There were also such changes as reduction of pinocytotic vesicle and mitochondria,disarray of myofilaments and malalignment of dense body,etc.,in detrusor cells.By contrast normal detrusor cells were well arranged and well distributed with consistent contours and size.The distance between muscle cells was much smaller than the abnormal specimens with proper intermediate junction.Caveolae and dense area were evenly distributed among the sarcoplasm.Organelles,myofilament and dense body were well organized in the smooth muscle cells. Conclusions The ultrastructural changes of detrusor in areflexia neurogenic bladders may be associated with relative increment of bladder outlet obstruction,which is probably due to detrusor debility from diseased nerve and sequential disequilibrium between normal detrusor and sphincter muscle of the urethra.Prophylactic management of lower intra bladder pressure may be beneficial to the prevention of ultrastructural deterioration in detrusor cells.

Objective To study the significance of rDNA transcription activity of peripheral blood T lymphocyte in patients with urinary tract tumors. Methods rDNA transcription activity of peripheral T lymphocyte was detected by a cell image analysis of Ag-NOR in 21 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with kidney cancer (including 6 cases of T_1N_0M_0,9 of T_2N_0M_0,4 of T_3N_0M_0 and 2 of T_4N_2M_1) and in 42 patients with bladder tumor (including 14 cases of TaN_0M_0,11 of T_1N_0M_0,1 of T_1N_0M_1,8 of T_2N_0M_0,4 of T_3N_0M_0 and 4 of T_4N_0M_0).Twenty-eight normal volunteers served as controls and 23 patients with uremia as positive controls.The peripheral blood was taken for detection of Ag-NORs in controls and in tumor patients before and after operation.The differences were compared among these groups. Results rDNA transcription activity of T cells was (8.55?1.11)%,(6.29?0.97)%,(5.44?0.68)% and (5.42? 0.68)% in controls and patients with uremia,renal and bladder tumors,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference among the normal uremia and tumor patients (P0.05).The parameters,such as TNM stages of renal and bladder tumor,the cell grades according to WHO criteria,tumor volume of the kidney,and invasion depth and recurrence frequencies of bladder tumors,had no significant correlation with rDNA transcription activity of T cells. Conclusions rDNA transcription activity of T cells may be used for monitoring the immune function in patients with kidney and bladder tumors,especially for primary screening of urinary tract tumors.