ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） combined with electrohydraulic lithotripsy under the direct view of eyeMax biliary-pancreatic imaging system in the treatment of difficult choledocholithiasis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 12 patients with difficult choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP and electrohydraulic lithotripsy under the direct view of eyeMax biliary-pancreatic imaging system in Department of Gastroenterology， Jilin People’s Hospital， from May to November 2022. The clinical effect of lithotripsy and lithotomy was observed， and postoperative complications and time of surgical operation were assessed. ResultsAmong the 12 patients， 11 （91.67%） were successfully treated by electrohydraulic lithotripsy under direct view， 9 （75.00%） achieved first-attempt success in lithotripsy， and 11 （91.67%） had complete removal of calculi； 1 patient was found to have stenosis of the bile ducts caused by multiple biliary tract surgeries， and grade Ⅱ intrahepatic bile duct stones above the sites of stenosis were removed under direct view， but there were still residues of grade Ⅲ intrahepatic bile duct stones， which led to the fact that complete calculus removal was not achieved. The mean time of ERCP operation was 91.3±26.2 minutes， including a time of 41.8±22.2 minutes for energy lithotripsy. There were 2 cases of postoperative biliary tract infection which were improved after anti-infective therapy， 2 cases of hyperamylasemia which were not given special treatment， and 3 cases of mild pancreatitis which were improved after symptomatic medication， and there were no complications such as bleeding and perforation. ConclusionERCP combined with electrohydraulic lithotripsy under the direct view of eyeMax biliary-pancreatic imaging system is safe， effective， and feasible in the treatment of difficult choledocholithiasis.

The evolution, structure and antigenic epitopes prediction of Rana dybowskii antimicrobial peptide dybowskin-1ST were carried out using bioinformatics software available online. Its antibacterial mechanism and structural properties were analyzed, and its activity was verified by applying wound healing assay in mice and bacteriostatic assay in vitro. This provides the theoretical basis for the improvement of parental peptide and the development of novel derivative peptides. The software MEGA_X were used to conduct homology alignment and to construct a phylogenetic tree. The online software ProtParam, ProtScale, PeptideCutter, signal, TMHMM Server were respectively used to predict the physicochemical parameters, hydrophilia/hydrophobicity, shear sites, signal peptides, and transmembrane domains of dybowskin-1ST. The online software SOPMA, Jpred4, DNAstar Protean were used to predict the secondary structure of dybowskin-1ST, and SWISS-MODEL, I-TASSER were used to predict the tertiary structure. ABCpred and SYFPEITHI were respectively used to predict its B-and T-cell epitopes. The effect of dybowskin-1ST on the wound healing was observed on experimental mice. Kirby-Bauer method and dilution method were used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of dybowskin-1ST. The dybowskin-1ST consists of 59 amino acid residues, of which leucine accounts for 16.9%, with a molecular formula of C₃₁₈H₅₁₀N₈₀O₉₃S₂. Its theoretical isoelectric point is 5.10 and the charge is -2. The dybowskin-1ST and dybowskin-1CDYa are closely related phylogenetically. The secondary structure of dybowskin-1ST predicted by the three methods were similar, which consisted of α-helix (44.07%), extended strand (16.95%), β-turns (3.39%), and random coil (35.39%). The prediction of tertiary structure showed that dybowskin-1ST was mainly composed of α-helix, and it was regarded as a hydrophilic protein with signal peptide sequence. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the probability of secreting the mitochondrial targeted peptides was 0.944. Dybowskin-1ST is an extracellular protein with no transmembrane structure region, but contains seven phosphorylation sites, three T-cell epitopes and eight B-cell epitopes. The dybowskin-1ST promoted wound healing and effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, it had limited antibacterial activity against fungi and drug-resistant bacteria. Although the structure of dybowskin-1ST is rich in α-helix, the verification experiments showed that its antibacterial ability needs to be enhanced. The reason may be that it is a negatively charged and hydrophilic protein, and amino acid modification with the aim of increasing the number of positive charges and changing the hydrophobicity may be used to obtain derived peptides with enhanced activity.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ranidae

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects of Purple frute scens leaves polysaccharides （PPLPs）on oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway of pancreatic tissues in diabetes mellitus （DM）model mice. METHODS ：Totally 60 mice were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ （60 mg/kg）to induce DM model. The 40 successful modeling mice were randomly divided into model group ，metformin group （positive control ，200 mg/kg），PPLPs high-dose and low-dose groups （400，200 mg/kg），with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 healthy mice were selected as the normal group （normal saline ）. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 28 days. During the experiment ，general information and body weight of mice were observed ；oral glucose tolerance （OGTT）test（determining FBG at 0，30，60，120 min after giving 40％ glucose solution ）was conducted. After last medication ，the changes of related blood glucose indexes （FBG，FINS，ISI，IRI）， blood lipid indexes （HDL-C，LDL-C，TC，TG）and oxidant stress indexes （MDA content and the activities of SOD ，CAT， GSH-Px）as well as the protein expressions of PI 3K，p-AKT and GLUT 4 in pancreatic tissue were determined. RESULTS ：During the experiment ，compared with normal group ，the mice were slow in action ，the feed consumption and water consumption increased，and body weight significantly increased in model group （P＜0.05）. 0，30，60，120 min after giving glucose ，the FBG content of mice were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）. After last medication ，the contents of FINS and HDL-C in serum as well as ISI ，the activities of SOD ，CAT and GSH-Px as well as the protein expressions of PI 3K，p-AKT and GLUT 4 in pancreatic tissue were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）；the contents of FBG and LDL-C ，TC and TG in serum as well as IRI ， 疗。E-mail：sunguangping83@163.com MDA content in pancreatic tissue were all increased significantly（P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，the general condition and OGTT of mice in each administration group was improved；the contents of FINS and HDL-C in serum as well as ISI ，the activities of SOD ，CAT and GSH-Px as well as the protein expressions of PI 3K，p-AKT and GLUT 4 in pancreatic tissue were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）；the contents of FBG，LDL-C，TC and TG in serum as well as IRI ，MDA content of pancreatic tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS：PPLPs has anti-diabetic effects ，which are related to reducting oxidative stress level and promoting the activation of PI 3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for PCR identification of bullwhip， and to identify the authenticity of bullwhip at the molecular level. METHODS： DNA samples of bullwhip and its counterfeits （donkey whip， pig whip， sheep whip） were extracted and their integrity， purity and concentration were detected. Using GenBank related information， using mitochondrial cytochrome b （Cyt b） gene of bullwhip as target gene， Primer-BLAST online software was used to design specific primer. PCR amplification was performed for whips of different species， and electrophoretic analysis was conducted for the product. PCR products of bullwhip samples were cloned and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The specificity and repeatability of the established PCR method were verified. RESULTS： DNA purity of the bullwhip and its counterfeits was high， and there was no protein or RNA pollution. 1.5％ agarose gel electrophoresis showed that there were obvious target gene bands of bullwhip samples at 200-300 bp， while no corresponding bands appeared in other counterfeit products. The results of DNA sequencing showed that the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment of bullwhip was 100％ similar to that of the bullwhip in GeneBank. Results of methodological validation showed that established method was specific and reproducible. CONCLUSIONS： The established PCR identification method based on Cyt b gene in the study is simple， rapid， accurate， specific and reproducible， and can meet the requirements of analysis and identification of bullwhip and its counterfeits.

Disulfidptosis is a novel pattern of cell death caused by disulfide stress and inadequate NADPH. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is a group of metabolic diseases with the main pathological feature of fatty infiltration， and it is closely associated with insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. Currently， the latest studies have shown that disulfide stress caused by disulfidptosis can result in hepatocyte death， thereby accelerating the progression of NAFLD. This article summarizes and analyzes the latest studies on disulfidptosis in NAFLD， in order to explore the application of disulfidptosis in NAFLD and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

As the main means of mastication, teeth can withstand countless functional contacts. The mechanical properties of teeth are closely related to their tissue structure. Enamel and dentin have a high hardness and modulus of elasticity, and their graded structure allows them to withstand bite forces without being susceptible to fracture. When tooth tissue is defective, full crown restoration is often needed to restore the normal shape and function of the tooth. Metal materials, ceramic materials, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials are commonly used for crown restoration. Metal materials have certain disadvantages in terms of aesthetics and are relatively rarely used in clinical practice. Ceramic materials with different compositions exhibit differences in performance and aesthetics, but their elastic modulus and hardness are much higher than those of dental tissue, resulting in mismatching mechanical properties. In contrast, the elastic modulus of PEEK is lower than that of tooth tissue and similar to that of bone tissue, but its properties can be improved by fiber reinforcement. Notably, when the mechanical properties of a restoration material and tooth tissue are not fully matched, the interface between them often forms a potential weak link, which ultimately affects the stability and long-term effect of the restoration. This article introduces the mechanical properties and corresponding structural characteristics of enamel and dentin. On this basis, the advantages and limitations of existing restoration materials are analyzed, and the possibility of biomimetic design of full crowns is further explored.

In recent years,microRNAs(miRNAs)have been detected at different stages of follicular development and in different cells of follicles.Extracellular vesicle(EV)-derived miRNAs have also been detected in the follicular fluid of mature follicles.miRNAs participate in the regulation of normal follicular development,and the regulation disorder may lead to the occurrence of some ovarian diseases.In order to further systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on follicular development and find suitable EV-derived miRNAs that can predict oocyte development,we reviewed the functions of miRNAs in follicular development from the perspectives of granulosa cell development,oocyte development,and hormone synthesis.
Female ; Follicular Fluid ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Oogenesis ; Ovarian Follicle

OBJECTIVE: To isolate and purify the reference compounds and improve the quality standard of Korean medicinal Herba Artemisiae sacrorum. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated from the aerial parts of Korean medicinal herb Artemisia sacrorum by silica gel, ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and the structures were identified by NMR and MS. RESULTS: Fourteen known compounds were isolated and identified as follows:1α-acetoxyeudesm-4-en-6β,11βH-12,6-olide(1),(11S)-3-oxoeudesma-1,4(15)-dieno-12,6α-lactone(2), 1-epi-dehydroisoerivanin(3), 11-epi-taurin(4), chrysanthemolide(5), 1α-acetyl-gallicadiol(6), erivanin(7), 1α, 4α-dihydroxyeudesm-2-en-5α, 6β, 11βH-12, 6-olide(8), vulgarin(9),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(10), isoevodionol(11),(+)-epi-pinoresinol(12), lariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(13), and lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14). CONCLUSION: All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time. These compounds can be used as reference substances for the quality control of this ethnic medicine.

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on the liver function of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to analyze its improvement effect on liver injury of the T2DM patients. Methods: The clinical data of 68 T2DM patients complicated with NAFLDS who did not receive any treatment were retrospectively analyzed, including 30 patients in acarbose group and 38 patients in dapagliflozin group, and the patients in two groups received acarbose 150 mg · d-1 + metformin 2 000 mg · d-1 and dapagliflozin 10 mg · d-1 + metformin 2 000 mg · d-1 treatment for 24 weeks, respectively. The general data of the patients before and after treatment were collected. The fasting venous blood of the patients in two groups was collected and the serum biochemical indexes and liver function indexes were detected. The serum biochemical indexes included fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), and the homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance index (HMOA2-IR) was calculated. The liver function indexes included aspartic transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL); the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NAFLDFS) was calculated. The each detection index of the patients in two groups was compared and analyzed. Results: Compared with before treatment, the levels of FBG, HbAlc, AST, GGT, and ALP and HOMA2-IR in acarbose group after treatment were significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the levels of TBIL was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with before treatment, the levels of FBG, HbAlc, AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP and HOMA2-IR, NAFLDFS in dapagliflozin group were significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.01) and the levels of TBIL and DBIL were significantly increased (P<0.01). The levels of FBG, AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP and NAFLDF in dapagliflozin group after treatment were significantly decreased compared with acarbose group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Dagliflozin can improve the liver function of the patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD, and its mechanism may be related to the effect of dapagliflozin decreasing the blood glucose and body weight.

Objective: To investigate the expression levels of tumor markers squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and D-dimer (D-D) of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to elucidate its clinical value in the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods: A total of 200 patients with NSCLC (NSCLC group), 198 patients with benign lung disease (benign lung disease group) and 196 healthy subjects (control group) were selected and the levels of tumor markers and D-D were detected and compared between groups. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the diagnostic values of different tumor markers, D-D, and joint indicators in the patients with NSCLC. Results: The levels of tumor markers and D-D of the patients in NSCLC group were significantly higher than those in benign lung disease group and control group (P<0. 01). The level of CEA in lung adenocarcinoma was higher than that in lung squamous cell carcinoma (P=0. 005). The levels of SCC-Ag and CYFRA21-1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma were higher than those in lung adenocarcinoma (P=0. 008, P= 0. 004). The levels of tumor markers CKA. CYFRA21-1 and D-D of the patients with stage IE and IV NSCLC were significantly higher than those of the patients with stage I and II NSCLC (P<0. 05). The ROC curves showed that area under curve (AUC) of SCC-Ag was higher than other single indexes (AUC = 0.805); the sensitivity and specificity were 85.42% and 64.21%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the joint indicators was better than that of each single index (AUC = 0.933); the sensitivity and specificity were 86.46% and 88.42%, respectively. Conclusion; Combined detection of tumor markers SCC-Ag, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and D-D can significantly increase the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of NSCLC and has important significance in the early diagnosis of NSCLC.