At present, the occurrence and development of cataract in patients operated by vitrectomy is more common. The patient, who would be in cataract surgery, is prone to suffering from higher risks and complications in eyes if he had vitrectomy before than those without vitrectomy. Consequently, it is a significant challenge for ophthalmologists to determine the choice of surgery and the operation during surgery. Compared with cataract surgery after vitrectomy without perfusion, phacoemulsification with 25-gauge perfusion is an effective method, which can maintain the intraocular pressure, stabilize the anterior chamber, and reduce the intraoperative and postoperative complications. In conclusion, phacoemulsification with 25-gauge perfusion is a preferred method for cataract patients after vitrectomy.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus Paroxetine in treating depression due to liver-qi stagnation, for seeking a more effective treatment for this disease.Method Sixty patients with depression due to liver-qi stagnation were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus Paroxetine, while the control group was by Paroxetine alone, successively for 8 weeks. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Chinese medicine syndrome and sign score, and central neurotransmitters were observed before and after the treatment, for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Result The total effective rate was 96.6% in the treatment group versus 71.4% in the control group, and the treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus Paroxetine is an effective method in treating depression due to liver-qi stagnation.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of microcephaly, seizures and developmental delay (MCSZ), to analyze the genetic pedigree, to summarize its diagnosis and treatment, and to improve the understanding of the clinicians for MCSZ. Methods: The clinical data of a child with MCSZ were collected and brain MRI plain scan was performed. The blood samples of the patient and his parents were collected for whole exome gene sequencing. Results: The clinical manifestations of the patient were small anterior fontanel and head circumference, intractable epilepsy and growth retardation. He died of persistent convulsions at 4 months. Brain MRI plain scan showed holoprosencephaly, dysplasia of white matter and cerebellum, enlargement of cisterna magna and flat skull base. There were novel compound heterozygous mutations of PNKP gene in the patient, with the heterozygous pathogenic mutation of c. 976G > A (p. Glu326Lys) and the unknown clinical significant heterozygous mutation of c. 1482C > T (p. Gly494 =). His mother had a heterozygous pathogenic mutation of c. 976G > A (p. Glu326Lys) and his father carried a unknown clinical significant heterozygous mutation of c. 1482C > T (p. Gly494 =). Conclusion: The patient is clinically diagnosed as MCSZ and is fatal. There are novel compound heterozygous mutations of PNKP gene in the patient, among which the heterozygous mutation c. 1482C > T (p. Gly494 =) may be a newly discovered pathogenic mutation.

Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; Lunate Bone ; Wrist Injuries

Melatonin,an endocrine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland,plays an important role in the reproduction.The growth and development of follicles is the basis of female mammalian fertility.Follicles have a high concentration of melatonin.Melatonin receptors exist on ovarian granulosa cells,follicle cells,and oocytes.It regulates the growth and development of these cells and the maturation and atresia of follicles,affecting female fertility.This paper reviews the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on the development of ovarian follicles,granulosa cells,and oocytes and makes an outlook on the therapeutic potential of melatonin for ovarian injury,underpinning the clinical application of melatonin in the future.
Animals ; Female ; Melatonin/pharmacology* ; Ovarian Follicle ; Oocytes ; Granulosa Cells/physiology* ; Mammals

In recent years,microRNAs(miRNAs)have been detected at different stages of follicular development and in different cells of follicles.Extracellular vesicle(EV)-derived miRNAs have also been detected in the follicular fluid of mature follicles.miRNAs participate in the regulation of normal follicular development,and the regulation disorder may lead to the occurrence of some ovarian diseases.In order to further systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on follicular development and find suitable EV-derived miRNAs that can predict oocyte development,we reviewed the functions of miRNAs in follicular development from the perspectives of granulosa cell development,oocyte development,and hormone synthesis.
Female ; Follicular Fluid ; Granulosa Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Oogenesis ; Ovarian Follicle

High myopia is a state of refractive error with myopia over -6.00D. High myopia is typically accompanied by multiple fundus lesions, thus making patients with high myopia suffer from varying degrees of impairment in visual function. As an emerging auxiliary way in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can efficiently and non-invasively obtain microvascular stratified images of the retina and choroid and quantitatively analyze blood flow signals. Since the advent of OCTA, there have been numerous studies observing fundus changes in those with high myopia through OCTA. In this paper, some studies in which OCTA is applied to obtain retinal and choroidal thickness from patients with high myopia are reviewed, with a view to revealing the correlation between high myopia and the parameters such as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, vessel density and the area of the foveal avascular zone and providing novel ideas to deeply investigate the mechanism of high myopia and delay the occurrence and development of high myopia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical significance of mean platelet volume(MPV) in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).

METHODSThe clinical data of 198 patients with MM admitted in our hospital from March 2008 to March 2015 were collected and analyzed. The clinical data included the Ig type, hemoglobin level, platelet count, creatinine, calciumion albumin, β2-MG, LDH, plasmocytes in bone marrow, MPV, complications such as diabetes, a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial events such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, thrombosis and blood clotting. All patients were divided into low MPV group (≤8.50 fl) and high MPV group (>8.50 fl). The biochemical parameters and prognosis of the 2 groups were compared.

RESULTSWhen MPV was 8.50 fl, the higest sensitivety and specificity were 55.56% and 80.00% respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.656 (95% CI: 0.515-0.797), the IgA type, creatinine level and IgH rearrangement in MM patients were related with MPV. The ratio of IgA and IgH rearrangements in patients with low MPV was higher than that in patients with high MPV, and the ratio of patients with creatinine >176.8 µmol/L was lower than that of patients with high MPV (P<0.05). The age, sex, ECOG PS, complications, ISS stage, hemoglobin level, platelet count, calcium ion, albumin, β2 microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase and bone marrow plasma cell ratio were not statistically significantly different between the 2 groups. Patients with low MPV had a shorter OS (P=0.039) than those with higher MPV. Univariate analysis showed that MPV, BM plasma cell ratio and age>60 years correleted with OS. Multivariate analysis showed that the low MPV and BM plasma cell ratio were correlated with shorter OS (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe low MPV is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with MM and may serve as an important indicator for disease progression and prognosis of patients with MM.

Many pathological phenomena of male infertility are related to epigenetic changes in male germ cells. Epigenetic regulation during spermatogenesis plays an important role in mitotic/meiotic divisions and spermiogenesis. The histones have various post-translational modifications on different amino acid residues during spermatogenesis. These modifications are crucial to the precise regulation of spermatogenesis. Moreover, the histone-to-protamine transition will occur during spermiogenesis. Many studies have also found that abnormal changes of histone modifications during spermatogenesis may damage the sperm development, leading to male sterility. This article reviews the changes of histone modifications during spermatogenesis, the regulation of the development of male germ cells, and the relationship between histone abnormalities and male sterility.
Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; physiopathology ; Male ; Spermatogenesis

BACKGROUNDInflammation plays a pivotal role in cardiac remodeling, especially in myocardial fibrosis. Abnormal growth of cardiac fibroblasts is critically involved in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling. Previous study has demonstrated that many inflammation stimulating factors trigger transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induction and reactive myocardial fibrosis. Activin A (ACT A) is a member of TGF-β superfamily, and follistatin (FS) is an activin-binding protein, i.e. an antagonist of ACT A. Our previous studies have shown that ACT A-FS imbalance occurs in rats with heart failure (HF), and overexpression of ACT A can lead to ventricular remodeling, and resultant HF. Low expression of FS after myocardial infarction further exacerbated HF. The pathogenic change resulting from overexpression of ACT A is consistent with that of overexpression of angiotensin II (AngII). Ventricular remodeling includes cardiocyte remodeling and myocardial interstitial collagen deposition and fibrosis. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of inflammatory factors on the ACT A-FS and the secretions of cardiac fibroblasts in order to explore in depth the mechanism of myocardial fibrosis.

METHODSA rat model with HF was established, and the results showed that there was a greater degree of cardiac fibrosis in HF rats. In addition, we found that there was an imbalance of the ACT A/FS system in HF rats, which was characterized by increased levels of ACT A. Further, primary rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured and the MTT assay was performed to determine the effect of the inflammatory factor-bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cardiac fibroblast proliferation.

RESULTSThe results showed that LPS can stimulate the cardiac fibroblasts to proliferate in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular immunohistochemical staining showed that the rat cardiac fibroblasts themselves could express ACT A and FS proteins, and stimulation by LPS could apparently promote the cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts to secrete ACT A, but inhibit the secretion of FS. The results also showed that ACT A promoted, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of the cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts, and the expression of collagen types I and III. Moreover, ACT A promoted, in a dose dependent manner, the cardiac fibroblasts to secrete nitric oxide (NO), and unregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the inflammatory mediator LPS can promote ACT A-FS imbalance in cardiac fibroblasts, mainly overexpression of ACT A. Overexpression of ACT A promotes the proliferation and the secretion of collagens in cardiac fibroblasts through autocrine/paracrine stimulation of NO, and is involved in the pathological process of myocardial fibrosis.

Activins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Follistatin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects