T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family plays a key role in regulating immune responses. In this study, the interactions of human TIM family with apoptotic cells were evaluated in order to provide a foundation for further study on the roles of human TIM genes in apoptosis. Nine kinds of pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vectors containing different lengths of the three members of human TIM genes for the expression of TIM-EGFP and the vectors for the expression of TIM-Fc fusion proteins were constructed. It was found that human TIM proteins could recognize and bind to apoptotic cells directly, but not to viable cells. The interactions of sTIM-1-EGFP, sTIM-3-EGFP and sTIM-4-EGFP with apoptotic cells were blocked by TIM-1-Ig, TIM-3-Ig and TIM-4-Ig fusion proteins respectively. In addition, human TIM proteins mediated the recognition of apoptotic cells and bound to apoptotic cells directly via the IgV domains. In conclusion, the TIM family may play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. Our data also suggest that human TIM proteins probably serve as novel proteins for the detection of the early cellular apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Much attention has been focused on mandibular condyle fracture, which has long been considered as a severe injury to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Restricted by diagnostic methods, many studies have been conducted on transverse fracture whereas little attention has been paid to longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Even less is known about longitudinal fracture in young children.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle on secondary ankylosis of TMJ.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Center for Experimental Animals, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Twelve young Chinese experimental miniature pigs bred by the Institute of Experimental Animals, Beijing Agriculture University, aged 2 -3 months and weighing(5 -5.5) kg, were used and raised with mixed feed, and then divided into 3 groups randomly.METHODS: Food and water was forbidden for the miniature pigs 12 hours before operation. Under anesthesia with(5.0 - 15.0) mg/kg ketamine/xylazine abdominally injected, conventional disinfection was performed in the right lateral decubitus position and layer-by-layer preauricular incisions were made on the left side of the miniature pigs. The joint cyst was incised transversely and the lower cavity of TMJ was exposed and dragged downwards. The mandibular condyle was cleaved into two vertically along the inner 1/3 part of it with a 5.0 mm-wide bone chisel to cause inferior and posterior sagittal fractures. The miniature pigs were executed 3 months and 6 months after operation, and their condyles were cut for observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The morphological changes of mandibular condyle specimens in the three groups observed with the naked eyes.②The pathological changes of mandibular condyle specimens under light microscope.RESULTS: The articular disc was adhered to the mandibular condyle after 3months. Temporal fossa adhered to the articular disc and mandibular condyle could still be observed in one specimen. Bifid condylar deformity was found in two specimens and no disc perforation was found. The adhesions became more severe after 6 months and bifid condylar deformity was formed in all the 3 specimens, with distinctly thickened discs. Light microscope observation:Three months after fracture, the adhesion between disc and condyle was obvious. There was no clear boundary between the surrounding tissues. The adhesion was composed of fibro-connective tissues, with a large number of chondrocytes in it. Fibro-connective tissues tightly adhered to the trabeculae were found in some adhesions. The fiber of disc became deranged and blood vessels and fatty cells were seen. Six months after fracture, blood vessels, a large number of fibroblasts and sparse chondrocytes were seen in the adhesions. The collagen fibers of the discs were arranged in whirlpool shape. There were a large number of fatty cells and blood vessels within it. The fiber-cartilage of the condylar surface was found thickened and the fiber deranged in the unadhered tissues. Proliferative changes were seen on disc surfaces.CONCLUSION: Childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle causes severe secondary injury to TMJ, suggesting a close correlation between longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle and TMJ ankylosis.

Objective: To explore the process of diagnosis and treatment of the patients with dens invaginatus of right maxillary second molar, to analyze the clinical features, the radiographic features and the pathological features of the dens invaginatus, and to make a reasonable treatment plan. Methods: The clinical data, imaging findings and pathological data of a patient with dens invagination were collected. The clinical diagnostic criteria and treatment methods of these cases were summarized with relevant literature review. Results: The patient, female, 28 years old, was diagnosed with a hole in the upper right posterior teeth for 6 months. The special examination results showed that the 17-toothed face was flat, the crown was huge, and the occlusal surface was seen in the sag and sputum; the medullary cavity was not reached. The radiograghic examination results showed that the enamel density image of the 17-toothed surface was sunken to the root, with a depth of about 7. 7 mm, diagnosed as dens invaginatus. At the time of initial treatment, the humus was removed and the sag received sedative treatment. The spontaneous pain still existed during the follow-up examination, and the problem of food embolism was not solved. Considering the poor recovery after treatment, the patient agreed to remove the tooth. The isolated tooth was observed by pathological grinding, and the enamel and dentin structures of the invaginatus were abnormal observed under microscope. Conclusion: The patients with dens invagination occurs in the molar area are rare; the type of disease and treatment plan should be determined by imaging examination during the process of diagnosis and treatment; it suggests that the patients with poor recovery after treatment should remove the teeth.

Glaucoma, currently the world's first irreversible blindness, is a complex multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition, and pathologically elevated intraocular pressure is its risk factor. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is not fully understood, and most existing studies are based on animal models, with mice as the main research object, and the pathological damage process of glaucoma is reconstructed through experimental induction means or transgenic manipulation to further investigate the relevant pathogenesis and pathological changes. The technique of experimentally induced construction of glaucoma mouse models has been studied by many scholars and is gradually becoming mature. And as research in molecular biology and genetics has advanced, more and more studies have focused on the disease genes associated with glaucoma, and transgenic mouse models have become a hot topic in recent years. In contrast to experimental manipulation to control a single factor, gene editing is better able to simulate the complex process of disease pathogenesis. This paper focuses on providing a more complete direction and strategy for model selection in the future research by describing the progress of research on relevant transgenic mouse model of glaucoma.

AIM: To compare the visual quality in patients after implantation of extended-range-of-vision(Tecnis Symfony)intraocular lens(IOL)and zonal refractive(Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15)IOL. METHODS: A prospective clinical study. Collecting 267 cataract patients(305 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021,they were divided into the Symfony group(group A, 160 eyes)and MF15 group(group B, 145 eyes)according to the types of implanted IOL. Postoperative visual acuity were observed at 3mo and included uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA, 5m), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA, 80 cm), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA, 40cm), defocus curve, modulation transfer function(MTF)and high-order aberrations(HOAs), including coma, spherical aberration and trefoil aberration, and conducted the Quality of Vision(QoV)questionnaire.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the preoperative parameters in both groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the UDVA and UNVA in groups A and B(P>0.05); The UIVA was higher in group A than in group B(P<0.05); The MTF value in group A was higher than group B at all spatial frequency, and the difference was statistical significant(P<0.05); The HOAs in group A was lower than that in group B(P<0.05); Defocus curves were plotted 3mo after the operation suggest that the visual acuity of the two groups was similar at 0D, and the visual acuity of the groups A was better than group B from -0.5D to -2.5D, and there was a statistically significant difference at -1.0D and -2.0D(P<0.05). The QoV score in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05). The frequency of bad visual interference such as halo and starburst was higher in group A than in group B. CONCLUSION: Both the MF15 and Symfony can provide stable distance and near visual acuity. Compared with MF15, Symfony had better intermediate visual acuity, higher contrast sensitivity and lower HOAs. Compared with Symfony, MF15 IOL had less postoperative bad visual interference symptoms(halo, starburst, etc).

ObjectiveTo investigate the late detection of HIV/AIDS cases in the elderly in Jilin Province and analyze its influencing factors， to provide theoretical basis for improving their life quality. MethodsThe first CD4 values of HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years and above living in Jilin Province were used to estimate late detection， and the influencing factors of late detection in elderly cases were analyzed. ResultsThe average CD4 cell count of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged 50 and above in Jilin Province from 1996 to 2021 was （230.55±191.97）， the low value group accounted for the largest proportion （50.8%）， and the late detection rate was 59.3% （1397/2325）. The late detection cases were mainly from sexual transmission （46.8% for same-sex and 48.2% for heterosexual contact）. From the perspective of sample sources， most of the late detection patients were diagnosed while testing for other illnesses， followed by testing and consulting. In terms of contact history， the late detection of cases of men who have sex with men was higher. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender， marriage， sample source and report year were the factors affecting the late detection of AIDS. The late detection rate of males was higher， and cases of married couples were more likely to be late detection. With the increase of report year， the late detection rate decreased， and testing and counseling could effectively reduce the late detection rate of AIDS. ConclusionThe CD4 cell count in the first detection of HIV/AIDS in the elderly in Jilin Province is low， and the late detection rate of male cases is high. In recent years， the expansion of voluntary counseling and testing in Jilin Province has effectively reduced the late detection rate of HIV/AIDS. At the same time， sex education should be strengthened for the elderly， healthy marital relationships should be advocated and more attention should be paid to the mental health of the elderly.

Objective : To provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in Warthin’s tumor of the lip by investigating the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Methods : A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in Warthin’s tumor of lip was reported, including the clinical manifestation, treatment, pathological characteristics and prognosis. The related literature was also reviewed and analyzed. Results: A painless mass on the left lip lasting more than one month was found. Resection of the left lip was performed. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was a hybridoma composed of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and Warthin’s tumor. There was no recurrence or distant metastasis after 34 months. To date, this type of disease has been rarely reported. After thorough resection, the prognosis and survival rate are promising in most cases, with no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion Mucoepidermoid carcinoma in Warthin’s tumor of the lip is rare. Clinical manifestations, imaging features and histological examination are useful when diagnosing the disease. Thorough resection will reduce the risk of disease recurrence.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of MR arthrography and ultrasonography in evaluating shoulder pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subject group consisted of all patients who visited our institute complaining of shoulder pain or instability from June 2002 to December 2004. There were a total of 92 patients with a mean age of 48. On the basis of arthroscopic results, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasonography and MR arthrography were evaluated by comparing them with each other. RESULTS: In the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears, ultrasonography had sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 64%, respectively, whereas MR arthrography had sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 94%, respectively. Ultrasonography also had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of subscapularis tendon tears (100% and 90%). MR arthrography was appropriate for identifying glenoid labral abnormalities (sensitivity, 95% and specificity, 61%). Similar results from ultrasonography and MR arthrography were obtained in the diagnosis of subscapular tendon tears or full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff tendons (kappa value, 0.644 and 0.911). CONCLUSION: While evaluating rotator cuff abnormalities, ultrasonography was appropriate for screening, whereas MR arthrography was useful to confirm the results of the ultrasonography.
Arthrography* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Rotator Cuff* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder Pain ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVETo construct four helper plasmids which are necessary in reverse genetic system of a cell adapted rabies virus strain.

METHODSNucleoprotein gene, phosphprotein gene, glycoprotein gene and the viral RNA polymerse gene are amplified by RT-PCR. The four gene fragments were cloned into an expression vector respectively after sequencing to construct four helper plasmids.

RESULTSThe four structral genus were amplified successfully, the sequence were correct. And all the structral protein gene fragments were cloned into expression vectors, the results were correct identified by cleavage reaction.

CONCLUSIONConstruction of the four helper plasmids have been done successfully, and it is the basis for rescuing the adapted cell rabies virus strain from cloned cDNA.

Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Rabies ; virology ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To observe the acute toxicity of local achyranthes aspera, and its injury to major internal organs. Methods Estimated the dose before the experiment, then selected 40 mice and divided them into five groups randomly, namely 4 dose-groups and one control group. The doses used in the dose-groups were 400 g/kg, 300 g/kg, 225 g/kg and 169 g/kg respectively. Observed the symptoms and the death for successive 7 days and calculated LD (50)with statistic methods. Dissected the dead mice and observed the lesion of organs. Results The LD50 of acute toxicity test of achyranthes aspera was 309.21 g/kg, Sx=0.0359 g/kg. 95% of the limit of trust was 309.14～309.28 g/kg. According to the acute toxic standard, it belonged to non-toxicity. The specimen revealed that large dose administration caused coagulation of blood in both liver and spleen. Conclusion Local achyranthes aspera had little toxicity. Large dose administration affected heart function of mice.