Aim To investigate the effects of pumpkin polysaccharide(PP) on Fas、Fas-L、Bcl-2 and Bax expression in the pancreas of diabetic rats.Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally(ip) with streptozocin(STZ) 60 mg?kg-1 to induce diabetic model.The diabetic rats were given PP 150 mg?kg-1,300 mg?kg-1,600 mg?kg-1.The blood sample were taken after three weeks.Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method;The expression of the Fas and Fas-L have been determined by using immunohistochemistry(S-P method);The expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA were checked up by Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR).Results PP could decrease the level of blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats;After three weeks,The expressions of the Fas and FasL in ? cell of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were obviously lower;The expression of Bax mRNA was obviously down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was obviously up-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was advanced after the diabetic rats were given PP.Conclusions PP could decrease the level of blood glucose of the diabetic rats.The mechanism was related to decreasing the expressions of the Fas and FasL and regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the pancreas of diabetic rats.

Aim To investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and the aortic endothelial cells injury in type 2 diabetes rats,as well as the effect of valsartan. Methods The type 2 diabetic models were induced by low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) with high-energy diet.12 weeks after injecting STZ, rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, diabetes control and valsartan (24 mg?kg-1?d-1, 8 weeks, ig.) treated diabetes. At the 12th and 20thweek end, such indices as the endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the shape of aorta endothelium, the serum contents of SOD, GSH-Px , MDA and NO, and the level of NOS gene expression in aorta were measured. Results ① At the 12th weekend,in the diabetes group, the relaxation of aortic rings to low concentration of Ach declined, the aortic endothelial cells intumesced, contents of serum SOD, GSH-Px, MDA and NO significantly increased, the expression of iNOS mRNA in aorta obviously up-regulated while the expression of eNOS mRNA showed no change. ② At the 20th weekend,in the diabetes control group, the dilatory reactivity of aortic rings decreased to each concentration of Ach, the aortic endothelium appeared degenerative and necrotic, activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased as well as the content of NO, the content of MDA increased continuously, and the iNOS mRNA expression up-regulated while eNOSmRNA expression down-regulated. Valsartan could regress the aggravation and improve contents of serum SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, NO and NOS mRNA of the aorta. Conclusion The oxidative stress and abnormality of NO participate the process of aortic endothelial cell injury. Valsartan plays a protective role partially through enhancing antioxidation effect and adjusting NO production.

Aim To investigate effects of moxonidine on hemodynamics in anesthetized rats. Methods The indexes of hemodynamics were examined by catheterization of arteries in anesthetized Wistar rats. Results DBP, +dp/dt_ max, -dp/dt_ max,t-dp/dt_ max ,V_ pm and V_ max were significantly declined in dose-dependent manner after administration, but HR and SBP didn't change significantly. Conclusion These results showed that antihypertensive effects of moxonidine were related to inhibition of systolic and diastolic functions of myocardium.Furthermore,the antihypertensive effects of moxonidine were associated with reduction of peripheral vascular resistance.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of platform switching and platform matching system on the marginal bone resorption a-round implant.Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)that compared marginal bone loss around platform-switched implants with platform matched prostheses were selected from PubMed,EMbase,CBM,CNKI and other electronic databases supplemented by hand search and retrospective collection of literature published or unpublished between 1 991 -201 4.The literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was screened by 2 revieweres independently,the quality of the included studies was evaluated,the data were extracted using RevMan 5.2 software for Meta-analysis.Results:1 4 studies with 1 331 implants were included.Meta-analysis showed that peri-implant bone resorption in the platform switching group was significantly less than that in the platform matching group[MD =-0.51 ,95% CI:(-0.72 -0.30),P <0.01 ].Subgroup analysis showed that the implant-abutment diameter difference >0.45 mm (unilateral)was more favorable to implant marginal bone preservation.Conclusion:The present data suggest that platform-switched technology is more conducive to implant bone preservation than platform-matched method.

The phospholipase A2 ( PLA2 ) is one of the main constituents of the bee venom. Its hypotensive effect and mechanism are studied in this report.In the anaesthetized rats and cats, the PLA2 of the bee venom given intravenously caused a quick and profound fall in the arterial blood pressure.The results of this study indicate that its hypotensive effect is mainly concerned with releasing the endogenous histamine. If the antagonists of H1 and H2 receptor are administered together, its hypotensive action will be countered.

AIM: To investigate the alteration of the vascular response to contracting material and the endothelium dependent vascular relaxation (EDVR) at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats. METHODS: Type Ⅱ diabetes rat model was established by high-energy diet and lower dose of STZ. At 12th and 20th weekends after injecting STZ, the vascular reactivities to phenylephrine (PHE) and KCl and the EDVR induced by Ach were measured respectively in the isolated aorta rings. RESULTS: At 12th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased, the reactivity to KCl kept unchanged, and the EDVR was damaged lightly. But at the 20 th weekend after injecting STZ, the response to PHE increased further and the reactivity to KCl markedly reinforced, and the EDVR was obviously damaged. CONCLUSION: The response of great vessels to contracting material increased, but the EDVR attenuated at different stages of type Ⅱ diabetes rats. These changes are further reinforced along with the developing of disease duration.

AIM: To study the expression of type Ⅰtransforming growth factor ?(T?R-Ⅰ)in renal cortex in streptozotocin-induced type Ⅱ diabetic mellitus and the regulation of valsartan. METHODS: The rat models of type Ⅱ diabetic rats were made. At the end of the 20th weeks,the kidneys were taken out to measure the expression of T?R-ⅠmRNA by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of T?R-ⅠmRNA in diabetic rats without any therapy ( 0.72? 0.14) was higher than that in control ( 0.26? 0.12) (P

Aim To investigate the alteration of the nitric oxide (NO), the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA at different stages of the cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes rats, and the protective effects of valsartan. Methods Type 2 diabetes model was established by high-energy diet, lower dose of STZ treated SD rat. The treatment period of valsartan was 8 weeks. At 12th and 20th weekend after injection of STZ, cardiac function, heart weight index, concentrations of NO in myocardium and plasma, expressions of iNOSmRNA and eNOSmRNA were measured respectively.Results From 12th week to 20th weekend, the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was decreased and the heart weight index was increased in diabetes control group (DC group) compared with normal control group (NC group). The levels of the cardic tissue and plasma NO were higher at 12th weekend and lower at 20th weekend in DC group than that in NC group. The expression of iNOSmRNA in cardiac tissue was obviously up-regulated at 12th or 20th weekend while the expression of eNOSmRNA was down-regulated at 20th weekend in diabetes rats. All these abnormalities were partially attenuated by valsartan. Conclusion The abnormal change of the NO and expression of NOSmRNA might be related to the cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes. Valsartan might play a protective role in the myocardial disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway on the development of insulin resistance induced by high fat diet.Methods Normal male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control(fed with normal chow),high fat(fed with high fat diet for 13 weeks),and rosiglitazone (intragastric administration with rosiglitazone for 5 weeks)groups.After 13 weeks,all the rats were sacrificed,serum and muscle triglycerides(TG),serum total cholesterol(TC),and serum and muscle free fatty acids(FFA) were measured.Insulin sensitivity wss evaluated by insulin sensitivity index(ISI)and glucose infused rat(GIR) with the hyperinsulinemic englycemic clamp technique.The flux of HBP in skeletal muscle was detected with the expression level of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase(GFAT)mRNA(RT-PCR),the content of UDPGlcNAc(HPLC)and the level of O-GlcNAc glycosylation in skeletal muscle proteins(Western blot). Results Compared with control group,senlm TG,TC,FFA and muscle TG,FFA levels of high fat group increased(aII P<0.01).both ISI and GIR decreased(both P<0.01),and the leveIs of GFAT mRNA(0.51±0.05 vs 0.18±0.02),UDP-GlcNAc[(6.18±0.86 vs 2.42±0.36)nmol/g],and O-GIcNAc glycosylation of skeletal muscle proteins in high fat group were raised(all P<0.01).In rosiglitazone group,serum and muscle TG.FFA welc deceased(all P<0.01).insulin sensitivity was increased(P<0.05)and the flux of HBP[GFAT mRNA 0.27±0.03,UDP-GIcNAc(2.62±0.32)nmol/g]was reduced(all P<0.05)as compared with high fat group. Conclusions High fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats is correlated with the increased flux of HBP in skeletaI muscle.which is decreased by rosiglitazone.

Aim To investigate the effect of irbesartan and spironolactone on expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),P-p38MAPK proteins during vascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats(RHR).Methods Renovascular hypertension was induced by two kidney one clip(2K1C)operation.8 weeks later,RHRs were given irbesartan or(and)spironolactone for 8 weeks.After 8 weekstreatment,the morphometric measurements were performed in the mesenteric arterioles.Concertration of carboxyterminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen(PⅠCP)and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen(PⅢNP)in blood serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method,and the media collagen area was assessed by collagne-specific Picro-sirius red staining with computerized video processing.Expressions of collagen type I,CTGF,P-p38MAPK proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry respectively.Results The arterial systolic pressure was attenuated significantly after the treatment of irbesartan,and this effect could not be enhanced by spironolactone.The media thickness over lumen ratio,media cross-sectional area over luminal area ratio of mesenteric arterioles,concertration of PⅠCP and PⅢNP,media collagen area,and expression of collagen typeⅠwere significantly increased in RHRs but ameliorated by irbesartan and spironolactone.Meanwhile,the expressions of CTGF,P-p38MAPK proteins were up-regulated in RHRs but blunted significantly after the treatment of irbesartan and spironolactone.The combined treatment had the synergic effects.Conclusions There is a synergistic effect of attenuating extracellular matrix(ECM)producing and amelioration of vascular remodeling(VR)by combined use of irbesartan and spironolactone.It maybe related to the expressions of CTGF and P-p38MAPK proteins down regulated by these two drugs.