1.Analysis of factors influenceing patients' family to make decision to reject resuscitation to the patients
Jike XUE ; Shouquan CHEN ; Zhangping LI ; Huiping LI ; Weijia HUANG ; Junyan CHENG ; Jie ZHANG ; Ping YAN
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009;18(11):1211-1214
Objective To study the factors influenceing patients' family members to make own relative fac-tors patients' families making decision on refusal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to the critical patients. Method Data were registered based on Utstein Style of 522 patients aged over 15 years, who subjected to in-hos-pital cardiac arrest(CA) in Department of Emergency of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from January 2005 to December 2008. A total of 157 patients' family made refusal decision among the 522 pa-tients, who belonged to the refusal group, and others belonged to the attempt resuscitation group. The associated factors included age, sex, marriage, household register, cause of CA, underlying diseases, capability of activity before CA, life supported with mechanical ventilation, and administration of pressor agents. The refusal decisions were evaluated by using univariate Logistical regression analysis, and then the statistical significant variables were analyzed by using muhivanate Logistical regression analysis. Results Age, household register, cause of CA(car-diac or traumatic),stroke, sudden death, cancer, capability of activity before CA, life supported with mechanical ventilation,and administration of pressor agents were the important factors of making refusal decision (P < 0.01), but sexes or marriage was insignificant related to the refusal decision (P > 0. O5). The independent risk factors re-lated to refusal decision were age (P = 0.034),cancer (P = 0.006),stroke (P = 0.003), and life supported with mechanical ventilation (P = 0.000) in multivariate Logistical regression analysis, but the protective factors were sudden death (P =0.000),cardiac CA (P =0.020) and traumatic CA(P =0.000). Conclusions Age over 60 years, cancer, stroke, and life suppoted with assisted ventilation before CA were factors associated with re-fusal decision making, yet sudden death, cardiac CA and traumatic CA were factors of accepting CPR.
2.Analysis of 114 cases of warfarin-related major bleeding in the emergency department
Yuanli LEI ; Yunchao NI ; Shouquan CHEN ; Peisen ZHOU ; Junyan CHENG ; Jike XUE ; Wenxing SONG ; Zhangping LI
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021;30(3):336-341
Objective:To investigate the anticoagulant causes, hemorrhagic susceptibility factors and clinical characteristics of patients with warfarin-related major bleeding in the emergency department of a general hospital.Methods:In a registry study from January 2017 to February 2020, 114 cases of warfarin-related major bleeding patients admitted to Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were enrolled. The descriptive methods were used to analyze anticoagulant causes, hemorrhagic susceptibility factors and clinical characteristics. Patients were divided into the international normalized ratio (INR) overrange group and the INR non-overrange group according to INR value during bleeding. The Chi-square test, Student’s t test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the differences between the INR overrange group and the INR non-overrange group. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and Student’s t test were used to analyze the characteristics of gastrointestinal tract bleeding and cerebral hemorrhage. Results:Warfarin-related major bleeding accounted for 0.36% (114/32 040) of first aid cases and 9.84% (114/1 158) of warfarin-taking cases, respectively. Seventy-seven cases (67.5%) of anticoagulant causes were related to atrial fibrillation (AF) and 32 cases (28.1%) were related to post-operative cardiac valve replacement. Of the bleeding susceptibility factors, HAS-BLED scored at 4.0 (3.0, 5.0), 84 cases (73.7%) had a history of drug use, 77 cases (67.5%) aged older than 65 years old, 65 cases (57.0%) had irregular INR monitoring, and 29 cases (25.4%) had recent increase in dose. Forty cases (35.1%) were gastrointestinal tract bleeding with the lowest hemoglobin (Hb) value and the highest score of HAS-BLED. Twenty-one cases (18.4%) were cerebral hemorrhage with the shortest prothrombin time (PT), the lowest INR value, the highest Hb, and the lowest score of HAS-BLED. Twelve cases (10.5%) died or gave up treatment in critical condition, including 6 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 5 cases of gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and 1 case of hemoptysis. There were statistically significant differences in previous history of antiplatelet therapy, recent increase in dose, HAS-BLED score and bleeding site between the INR overrange group and the INR non-overrange group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Among patients with warfarin-related major bleeding, AF and post-operative cardiac valve replacement are the main causes of warfarin anticoagulation. INR overrange is related to the previous history of antiplatelet therapy, recent increase in dose, and the high score of HAS-BLED. The gastrointestinal tract bleeding is the most common, with the lowest Hb value and the highest score of HAS-BLED. Cerebral hemorrhage is the second common, with the shortest PT, the lowest INR value, and the highest Hb. The incidence and mortality rates of warfarin-related major bleeding are relatively high.
3.Effect of exogenous phosphocreatine on cardiomycytic apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats
Ping YAN ; Shouquan CHEN ; Zhangping LI ; Jie ZHANG ; Jike XUE ; Wantie WANG ; Weijia HUANG ; Junyan CHENG ; Huiping LI
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011;20(7):698-702
Objective To observe the changes of cell apoptosis and levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in myocardium after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats and to study the protective effects of different doses of exogenous phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate, CP) on cell apoptosis. Methods A total of 32 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group ( group A), CPR group (group B), low dose CP group (group C, phosphocreatine 0. 5 g/kg given at beginning of CPR and 1.0 g/ kg 2 hour after CPR) and high dose CP group ( group D, phosphocreatine 1.0 g/kg at beginning of CPR and 2. 0 g/kg 2 hours after CPR) . Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation and CPR was started 7 min after asphyxiation it groups B, C and D. Myocardium samples were taken 24 hours after CPR for detecting myocardium cell apoptosis by TUNEL method. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by using immunohistochemistry. Experimental data were processed with variance analysis in SPSS package. Results Compared with group A, myocardium cell apoptosis index (AI), and the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteinincreased significantly in groups B, C and D (P <0. 01 ), and Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased significantly (P <0. 01 ) . Compared with group B, myocardium cell AI and levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein decreased significantly in groups C and D ( P < 0. 01 ), and Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased significantly ( P < 0. 01 ) .Compared with group C, myocardium cell AI and levels of Bcl-2 and Bax decreased significantly in group D (P < 0. 05 ), and Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Exogenous phosphocreatine, especially inlarge dose, could inhibit apoptosis of myocardium cells and alleviate myocardium injury after CPR in rats.
4.Follow-up study of factors influencing prognosis of cardiac arrest patients after acute myocardial infarction
Yuanli LEI ; Wenxing SONG ; Jinmei LU ; Yijin HE ; Zhangping LI ; Jike XUE ; Aiwen HE ; Qianqian ZHANG ; Jincun SHI ; Yingru LU ; Shouquan CHEN
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018;27(7):740-746
Objective To assess the factors associated with the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 2-year survival prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI),and after ROSC,the effects of various factors on midian survival time and on 2-year survival.Methods In a registry study from January 2005 to January 2015,all consecutive AMI-induced CA patients treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) admitted to our hospital were enrolled.The survivors were followed-up for 2 years.Univariate analysis was applied to evaluate factors associated with rate of ROSC and 2-year survival.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate statistically significant factors in the univariate analysis.Medians with inter-quartile ranges were used to describe 2-year survival time affected by various factors after ROSC.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was used to evaluate the effect of factors on 2-year survival.Results A total of 254 cases with CA after AMI were enrolled,including 129 cases of ROSC and 71 cases of 2-year survival.Univariate analysis showed age ≥ 70 years,CA occurred during 22:00-8:00,the duration time ofCPR ≥ 15 min and adrenaline dosage > 5 mg were unfavorable predictors of ROSC;while,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 40% before CA,shockable rhythm and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy were favorable predictors.Besides,age ≥ 70 years,intubation during CPR,adrenaline dosage > 5 mg and cardiogenic shock were unfavorable predictors of 2-year survival;While,male,normal daily activity before CA and PCI treatment were favorable predictors.Multivariable analysis showed age,the duration of CPR,adrenaline dosage,LVEF before CA,the rhythm during CPR and PCI therapy were independent predictors of ROSC.Age and PCI therapy were independent predictors of 2-year survival.Among patients,the survival time was affected by various factors after ROSC,and the factors with minimum 25% and small median value were associated with cardiac rupture,cancer,adrenaline dosage > 5 mg and cardiogenic shock.The factor with maximum 25% value was PCI treatment (216 days).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that age ≥ 70 years was an unfavorable factor of 2-years survival (Log-rank test,P=0.007);while,PCI treatment was a favorable factor (Log-rank test,P<0.01).PCI-related prognosis analysis showed that the effectiveness of PCI was related to the timing of PCI,the number of infarctrelated artery and the difference in culprit lesion.Conclusions The age ≥ 70 years was disadvantageous to both ROSC and 2-year survival.PCI treatment was favorable to both ROSC and 2-year survival.
5. Epidemiological analysis of the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015
Xue JIANG ; Jiali XU ; Chunnong JIKE ; Gang YU ; Hailiang YU ; Ju WANG ; Shaodong YE ; Qiang LIAO ; Zhongfu LIU
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2019;40(9):1116-1119
Objective:
To analyze the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015, in order to understand the epidemiological characteristics and to further reduce the mortality rate in Liangshan Prefecture.
Methods:
The relevant information was collected through the Management Database of Antiretroviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System.
Results:
From 2005 to 2015, a total of 14 219 adult HIV/AIDS patients received antiretroviral treatment and 1 425 death cases were reported during the treatment. The cause of death was mainly AIDS-related diseases (58.9