BACKGROUND: The research group for the physical quality of minorities has performed the computer measurement of craniofacial organs in 15 minorities of Yunnan province, including Dai nationality, Yi nationality,Lagu nationality, Lisu nationality, etc., but those of Bulang nationality have not been conducted.OBJECTIVE: To completely and systematically measure the 41 items and 17 indexes of the craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: From May to October in 2002, 155 subjects of Bulang nationality, who were of pure blood lineage of Bulang nationality, and the three generations before whose parents were all Bulang nationality, were selected from the Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and they all participated in the study voluntarity, including 96 males and 59 females, and the forms and functions of their cranial and maxillofacial organs were all normal.METHODS: The subject was asked to sit up straightly, the skull was fixed with skull retention instrument, the Frankfurt horizontal plane should be parallel to the cross section, and the measurement points were marked with pen; The craniofacial images of the subject were recorded with camera at a distance of 5 m, and the images were input to the computer for later use. The self-designed video-computer measure system was adopted to measure craniofacial indexes. Judgement standards for the observed items:Besides the tab stops for distance between lip peaks, unilateral lip length,height of palpebral opening, breadth of nasal septum and nostril breadth by Xu et al, and those for frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle and nose angle by Ma et al, that for height of upper eyelid was self-designed, and the other items all referred to the requirements in Manual of Anthropometry[3] and Methods of Anthropometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Forty-one measurement items:minimal malar breadth, bizygomatic breadth, interocular breadth, interpupillary distance, breadth of palpebral opening, breadth of mouth opening,distance between lip peaks, single lip length, height of palpebral opening,physiognomic frontal height, physiognomic facial height Ⅰ, physiognomic facial height Ⅱ, morphological facial height, physiognomic facial height Ⅲ,upper physiognomic facial height, nose height, lip height, whole upper lip height, whole lower lip height, height of 1/3 inferior face, chin height,height of upper eyelid, nose breadth, breadth of nasal septum, nostril breadth, breadth between two angles of jaw, external ear width, nose length, nose depth, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle, nose angle, maximal head breadth, width between two traguses, maximal head length, auricular height, total head height, horizontal head circumference; ② 17 craniofacial indexes: head length breadth, head length height, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, upper physiognomic face,nose index, nose breadth depth, mouth index, physiognomic ear, frontal height, upper facial height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth,craniofacial height, craniofacial breadth.RESULTS: All the 151 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.① Measurement items of craniofacial organs: Only the values of physiognomic ear length and frontonasal angle were higher in females than in males, all the other items were higher in males than in females. The statistical analysis indicated that except the items of height of upper eyelid,breadth of nasal septum, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nose angle, width between two traguses, total head height and horizontal head circumference (P ＞ 0.05), the values of all the other items were significantly different between males and females. ② Indexes of craniofacial organs:Only the indexes of head length breadth, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, frontal height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth, craniofacial height had no significant differences between males and females (P ＞ 0.05), and the others were significantly different between males and females.CONCLUSION: Most of the 41 measurement items of craniofacial organs were higher in males than in females among the Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and most of the 17 indexes of craniofacial organs have no significant differences.

objective At present, most operable breast cancers are confirmed by excision biopsy during the operation. If the breast cancer was definitely diagnosed by Fine -Needle Aspiration cytology(FNA) preoperatively, the excision biopsy could be avoid. Methods We diagnosed 118 inpatients of breast mass with physical examination and FNA from September, 1995 to May, 1996. Results The sensitivity and positive predict value of FNA for diagnosing breast cancer are 95.7% and 97.1%. When the palpation and FNA are both positive, the doublepositive predict value for breast cancer is 100% in our study. It is the indication of using FNA that a breast mass was diagnosed as cancer by physical examination. We can treat a breast mass with redical operation directly without excision biopsy, if the breast mass was confirmed as breast cancer by both physical examination and FNA. Conclusion We concluded that the preoperative FNA could partially replace the excision biopsy for confirming breast cancer.

Objective:To analyze the role of psychological detachment(PD) and career calling(CC) in the relationship between hospital workplace violence(HV) and turnover intention(TI), so as to provide references for developing effective intervention measures for medical personnel who have suffered from HV.Methods:From October and November 2022, convenient sampling was used to select medical staff from public hospitals in 16 provinces of China, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on HV, TI, PD, and CC. Pearson′s test was used for correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis and moderated mediation effect analysis were used to explore the role of PD and CC in the relationship between HV and TI.Results:A total of 1 090 medical personnel were included in this survey, of whom 600(55.0%) had been subjected to HV. The findings showed that HV was positively correlated with TI( r = 0.27, P<0.05). From the analysis of mediation effect, HV had a negative predictive effect on PD( β =-0.82, P<0.05). PD had a negative predictive effect on TI( β =-0.31, P<0.05). PD partially mediated the association between HV and TI, with a mediation effect value of 0.25(17.39%). From the analysis of moderated mediation effect, interaction between HV and CC( β =-0.41, P<0.05) and the interaction between PD and TI( β = 0.17, P<0.05) had a moderating effect on the level of TI of medical personnel. Conclusions:HV was an important factor in predicting the TI of medical personnel, with PD partially mediating between HV and TI. The sense of CC played a moderating role between HV and TI, as well as between PD and TI.