Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in aged patients with acute generalized peritonitis(AGP)and make the satisfactory perioperative management of them to improve the curative efficacy.Methods:63 patients aged 60 years and older with AGP under emergency laparotomy were analyzed retrospectively.Results:AGP in aged patients was mostly secondary and had non-typical clinical manifestations.Their first consultation in outpatient clinic was late and the duration from incidence of abdominal pain to operation was long(mean time 42hs and 64.9hs respectively).These patients had a lot of preoperative concomitant diseases and high morbidity(36.5%)and mortality(20.6%) postoperatively.Conclusion:The operation time,concomitant diseases,types of primary diseases.types of complications and situation of abdominal cavity are the factors affecting prognosis.The key to perioperative management should be early diagnosis,preferable treatment for concomitant diseases and early operation,meanwhile,maintaining the important organs' function and preventing and controlling the complications postoperatively are very important.

Objective To investigate the effect of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (Skp2 ASODN) on the growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells SW480 and its mechanism .Methods The liposome-mediated dif-ferent concentrations of Skp2 ASODN was adopted to transfect SW480 cells ,the final concentrations of 0 .050 ,0 .125 ,0 .250 ,0 .500 , 1 .000 ,2 .000 ,4 .000 μmol/L were respectively set up with Skp2 nonsense oligodeoxynucleotides(NSODN) and blank group as con-trol .Then the inhibited effect of growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells were measured by the inverted microscope obser-vationandmethylthiazolyltetrazolium(MTT),thecellcyclewassurveyedbytheflowcytometry(FCM).TheexpressionofmRNA and protein of Skp2 and P27kip1 were inspected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunocytochem-istry methods .Results The inverted microscope observed that the SW480 cells had no change in form and grew at a slower speed . When the Skp2 ASODN concentration reached 0 .125 μmol/L ,the inhibition rate was 14 .48% (P<0 .05) .As the Skp2 ASODN concentration increase ,its inhibition action on the growth and proliferation of SW480 cells was enhanced in a dose-dependent man-ner(P<0 .01) .The SW480 cells were increased in G0/G1 phase(P<0 .01) and decreased in S phase(P<0 .05) ,the progression of cell cycle was blocked .RT-PCR and the immunocytochemistry showed that both Skp2 mRNA and protein levels were down-regula-ted(P<0 .05) .Although the P27kip1 mRNA level had no change(P>0 .05) ,but its protein expression was elevates obviously (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Skp2 ASODN can inhibit the growth and proliferation of SW480 cells .Its possible mechanism is that the ubiq-uitin degradation of the Skp2 to P27kip1 is decreased by the gene occlusion effect of Skp2 ASODN ,thus the cell cycle progression is arrested .

Objective To identify the role of the IKK / NF-kappa B signaling pathways in the acquisition and consolidation of extinction memory in conditioning fear.Methods Aduh SD rats were treated with nuclei buried surgery.After a week recovery from nuclei buried surgery,adult SD rats accepted auditory fear conditioning training.Before the extinction training,bilateral intra-BLA infusion of sulfasalazine(SSZ),an inhibitor of IKK/NFκ B,and Vehicle were done.The freezing time were tested on the 24h and 1w after the extinction.Results After training,all the rats showed higher percentage of freezing time than the baseline(Vehicle:pre-CS 21.16％,post-CS 71.23％,P＜0.01 ; SSZ:pre-CS 22.23％,post-CS 72.14％,P＜0.01).The percentage of freezing time had no significant difference(SSZ 47.52％,Vehicle 46.20％,P＞0.05)between Vehicle and SSZ at the end of extinction training.However,SSZ groups showed significantly higher percentage of freezing time than the control group on the 24h(Vehicle 41.03％,SSZ 60.51％,P＜0.01) and the same was found on 1 weck test(Vehicle 34.17％,SSZ 57.21％,P＜ 0.01).The rats injection with SSZ showed significant fear response for the auditory fear condition.Conclusion All above results suggest that interference of IKK/NF-κ B signaling pathway impaire the consolida tion but have no effect on the acquisition of fear extinction memory in conditioning fear.The available date could provide us some clinical guidance in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder.

Objective To study the effect of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and endothelin(ET) on the formation of murine hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome(HCS).Methods Circulation stable HCS model was produced in rats by partial portal vein ligation.Portal blood TNF and ET was determined pre and post injection of anti rat TNF and hemodynamics was monitored simultaneously.Results TNF level did not change 0 5 hour after partial portal vein ligation,but it increased significantly at 24 hour and maintained at this high level thereafter. ET was on a small increment at different time after partial portal vein ligation.The TNF level decreased significantly to the level in controls and ET remained unchanged after injection of anti rat TNF,while HCS was partially ameliorated. Conclusion [WT5”BZ] TNF may be related with the start and maintenance of HCS,and there is no causality between ET and the development of HCS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different cold preservation time on liver regeneration after partial liver transplantation in rats,and study the role of IL-6/STAT3.Methods SD rats were divided into 3 groups:group Ⅰ underwent liver resection,group Ⅱ received partial liver transplantation after one-hour cold preservation and group Ⅲ received partial liver transplantation after 8-hour cold preservation.Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the levels of TNF-? and IL-6 in liver tissues.The protein expressions of PCNA and STAT3 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining in paraffin sections.The liver regeneration ratio and the expressions of the proliferative cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and STAT3 were compared among three groups at 1,6,12,24,48,72 and 168 h after operation.Results The remnant liver in group Ⅰ and grafts in group Ⅱ grew rapidly;The regeneration ratio in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ during postoperative day 2 to 3(P

Objective To investigate effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on changes of the behavior and the monoamine neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum (ST), amygdala (AM) and hippocampus (HIP) in rat model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), and to explore the possible mechanisms related to the NAC. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawle (SD) rats were divided into CUS group, fluoxetine group (FLX), NAC group and control group (n=8 for each group). Rats in CUS group, NAC group and FLX group were all fed alone and received CUS for 6 weeks to establish CUS model. Rats in NAC group and FLX group were given NAC and FLX by daily intragastric administration respectively during the last 3 weeks, while rats in CUS group and control group were given the same volume of solvent. Behavioral assessment including weight measurement, sucrose water consumption test, and opened field test were used for evaluation before and after CUS, and before and after intervention. The concentrations of the monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) in PFC, ST, AM and HIP were measured with Coul array HPLC. Results (1) There were more increases in weight gain, sucrose consumption, and distance of horizontal moving and number of up-right, while the number of feces was less, after intervention in control group, NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P<0.05). (2) Neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in PFC, ST, AM and HIP in CUS group compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The monoamine neurotransmitter (NE, DA and 5-HT) were significantly increased in the brain region (PFC, ST, AM and HIP) in NAC group and FLX group than those of CUS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion NAC and fluoxetine can effectively improve the depressive behavior of the CUS rats, increase the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters including NE, DA and 5-HT in PFC, AM, ST and HIP brain regions.

Problem-based learning(PBL) is a method of the self-study primarily and teacher' s guiding.By using the PBL in the clinical teaching application,we discuss our experience gained in carrying,out PBL and the existing problems.

Objective To investigate the biological effects of human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901 transinfected by antisence vascular endothelial growth factor-C (anti VEGF-C) gene on the tumorigenicity and vascular generation,and explore the role of VEGF-C gene in metastasis and vascular generation of gastric cancer.MethodsThirty nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (10 each):transgenic anti VEGF-C group,transgenic pure liposome group and non-transgenic group.0.2ml (1?107/ml) of SGC-7901 suspension,either transinfected by anti VEGF-C gene,or by pure liposome,or transinfected nil,was respectively subcutaneously injected into the three groups of mice,once every 2 days for 3 consecutive days.After injection,the size and growth velocity of the neoplasm were measured.The microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) and microvessel density (MVD) of tumor were also determined.ResultsThe neoplasm grew more slowly and was smaller in the mice of transgenic anti VEGF-C group than in non-transgenic ones.At the end of the 1st,2nd and 3rd week,the MLVD in the mice of transgenic anti VEGF-C group was 4.0?2.2,6.0?3.1 and 9.0?2.7/high field (/HF),respectively.In the transgenic pure liposome group,the MLVD was 6.0?8.7,9.0?3.5 and 18.0?7.2/HF,respectively.In the non-transgenic group,the MLVD was 7.0?4.9,9.0?6.4 and 19.0?6.5/HF,respectively.The MVD in the transgenic anti VEGF-C group was 3.0?2.4,5.0?2.1 and 8.0?1.7/HF,respectively.In the transgenic pure liposome group was 4.0?1.8,6.0?2.7 and 10.0?1.3/HF,respectively,and in non-transgenic group was 4.0?1.5,6.0?1.3 and 9.0?1.2/HF,respectively.There existed significant difference in lymphangiogenesis of the tumor (P0.05).ConclusionsThe anti VEGF-C gene may suppress the tumorigenicity and lymphangiogenesis of human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cells,but have little effect on angiogenesis of the tumor.VEGF-C might participate in the lymphangiogenesis of gastric tumor.

Objective To explore the role of histone H3 acetylation modification of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods 2 months and 8 months SAMP8 mice were used as AD model.Morris water maze was used to detect the impairment of learning and memory.Western blot was used to detect BDNF protein expression in the hippocampus,and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) was applied to study the changes of histone H3 acetylation in different BDNF promoters.Results The results of water maze test showed that the time across the target quadrant in 8 months SAMP8 mice(0.9±0.4) was significant declined compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice(3.7 ± ±0.9) and 8 months SAMR1 mice (3.3±0.6)(all P＜0.05).Meanwhile,compared with 2 months SAMP8 mice ((23.9±4.0) s) and 8 months SAMR1 mice ((21.5± 2.3) s),target quadrant time in the 8 months SAMP8 mice((11.7±2.8) s) was also significantly reduced(both P＜0.05).The western blot showed the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of 8 months SAMP8 mice was significantly decreased compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice and 8 months SAMR1 mice(P＜0.05).Lastly,CHIP assays showed that histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅳ and Ⅵ in the hippocampus of 8 months SAMP8 mice were remarkably decreased(P＜0.05) compared with that of 2 months SAMP8 mice and 8 months SAMR1 mice.There was no significant change of histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅰ and Ⅲ among all groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Histone H3 acetylation of BDNF exon Ⅳ and Ⅵ is reduced during the development of AD,which may be the mechanism underlying the impairment of learning and memory in AD.

ObjectiveTo identify the effects of venlafaxiue on the acquisition and consolidation of fear extinction memory in conditioning fear memory extinction model.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with fear conditioning training in the A environment.Before the extinction training,all the experimental rats were given different doses of venlafaxine intraperitoneal injection.After 24 hours,all the rats test in the B environment.ResultsRepeated-measures ANOVA were conducted on the percent of freezing time for between-session extinction,test condition (F2,44 =458.958,P＜0.001 ) and VEN dose(F2,22 =43.026,P＜0.001 ) and a Test condition * Treatment interaction (F4,44 =31.363,P ＜ 0.001 ).For the within-session,post hoc comparisons indicated that the three groups that received different dose of VEN (0,20 and 40 mg/kg) did not differ from each other (P ＞ 0.05 ),indicating similar extinction following the post-conditioning.The rats injected with high-dose venlafaxine (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally before extinction training showed pro,motion of between-subjects extinction of fear memory,but does not affect the within-subjects extinction.There was no significant catabolism in the rats injected with middle-dose (20 mg/kg).ConclusionThe available date indicate that venlafaxine could promote the extinction of fear memory and there is a dose-dependent relationship of venlafaxine in the facilitation of fear memory.Our results could provide some clinical guidance for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder.