Objective To assess the informed consent about risks of pressure ulcers so as to effectively prevent pressure ulcers and reduce the disputes between the nurses and patients.Method An in-depth interview was conducted among 12 senior nurses in the operating room,the interview content recorded and analyzed to summarize some themes.Results In the link of informed consent on pressure ulcers,6 problems were found,e.g.,the standardization of methods for informed consent and the content,pressure ulcer risk assessment scale special for clinical specialties,lack of complementarity of assessment and prevention measures,importance of clear signature on the informed consent,time for informed consent signature,attitude of the families and the skills on answering related questions.Conclusions The implementation of the informed consent about the risk assessment of the pressure ulcer for surgical patients depends on the specification of the conversation,and the assessment scale special for the clinical specialties.Both improved preventive measures and preventive ability of the pressure ulcers are of great importance.

When auditory organ is stimulated by some tones,there will be a series of electric activities in our auditory systems,we call them auditory evoked potentials.we can divide them short,middle and long latency response by their latencies.Different potentials can reflect brain function activities in different pathes of auditory nerve.In forensic medicine expertise,they can be objective evaluation in audition function and handicap of pathes of auditory nerve brain function.In this article,we summarized the mechanism and characters of different auditory evoked potentials,sumed up their application value in forensic medicine.

Objective:To understand the sleep duration, sleep habits, the prevalence rate of sleep problem and its related factors on the children range from 4 to 12 years old. Methods:The parents of 727 children range from 4 to 12 years old were asked to answer The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the general information forms, which were used to rate their children.Results:The average sleep time on bed of the children was 9.6?0.9 hours, with no difference between males and females. The total scores of CSHQ were 36.8?13.6, and the prevalence of sleep problem was 31.0%. The total scores of CSHQ among 4-6 years old group, 7-9 years old group and 10-12 years old group were significant different (42.4?14.1?34.9?12?31.8?12, respectively ;P

Objective : To investigate the incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in pregnant women and the effect of the RLS on the sleep quality of the women during pregnancy. Methods: 113 pregnant women were evaluated by using International RLS Scale, PSQI (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory). Results: The prevalence of RLS in pregnant women in the outpatient department was 12.4% (14/113), the percentage of RLS pregnant women with PSQI total score higher than 7 was 28.6%, and that was 10.1% in the pregnant women without RLS (x2 =3.86,P

Objective To explore the effect of jejunostomy in radical operation of esophageal cancer through right thoracotomy and abdominal incision. Methods A total of 90 esophageal cancer patients who had undergone radical resection through right thoracotomy and abdominal incision were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 50 cases used enteral nutrition via jejunostomy (jejunostomy group) and 40 cases via naso- intestinal tube (naso- intestinal tube group). The operation time, hospitalization time after operation, retention time of tube, complication and nutritional status after operation were compared between 2 groups. Results There were no statistical differences in the operation time and hospitalization time after operation between 2 groups (P>0.05). All the patients of 2 groups could tolerate the enteral nutrition. The retention time of tube in jejunostomy group was significantly longer than that in naso- intestinal tube group jejunostomy: (18.08 ± 9.28) d vs. (14.85 ± 4.59) d, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the albumin before operation between 2 groups (P>0.05). The albumin after 1 week′s enteral nutrition in jejunostomy group was significantly higher than that in naso-intestinal tube group:(30.99 ± 2.79) g/L vs. (29.72 ± 3.16) g/L, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). During the period of observation, the patients of naso-intestinal tube group had different degrees of nasopharyngeal region discomfort. The incidences of tube obstruction/ tube shedding and the complication in jejunostomy group were significantly lower than those in naso-intestinal tube group: 0 vs. 10% (4/40) and 18% (9/50) vs. 50%(20/40), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions Jejunostomy is a safer and more effective nutrient method in radical operation of esophageal cancer through right thoracotomy and abdominal incision.

Objective To explore the screening of peroxisome pathway reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative stress gene and its correlation with the antitumor sensitivity of artesunate against pancreatic cancer. Methods Based on microarray mRNA expressions of 55 tumor cell lines in the National Cancer Institute common database,peroxisome pathway-related key genes which were significant correlation with half-inhibitory concentration (IC50 )values of artesunate antitumor activity against human pancreatic cancer were selected by Kendall test.The candidate genes associated with artesunate sensitivity were identified and their mRNA expressions in pancreatic cancer cells were tested using fluorescent quantitative PCR.The contents of peroxi-dase in pancreatic cancer cells were detected through the DAB staining.Results Thirteen key genes mRNA expressions in peroxidase pathways were significantly correlated with IC50 values for artesunate antitumor activi-ty.Compared with normal liver cells HL-7702 (1.00),CRAT (2.89 ±0.06),PEX11B (1.90 ±0.07)and PEX16 (1.35 ±0.07)mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells which sensitive to artesunate (t =33.00,P <0.01;t =17.85,P <0.01;t =4.54,P <0.05).While CAT
(1.43 ±0.03),SOD1 (2.07 ±0.04)and SOD2 (1.15 ±0.01)mRNA expression levels were also signifi-cantly increased in Panc-1 cells which sensitive to artesunate (t =11.71,P <0.01;t =35.85,P <0.01;t =13.22,P <0.01).However,PEX12 (0.51 ±0.02),CAT (0.47 ±0.02),PRDX1 (0.43 ±0.01),and SOD1 (0.44 ±0.01)mRNA expression levels in pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 cells which resistant to artesunate were significantly lower than that of HL-7702 cells (t =37.53,P <0.01;t =16.52,P <0.01;t =84.20, P <0.01;t =48.24,P <0.01).DAB staining showed that the positive expression rate of peroxisomal content was apparently higher in Panc-1 cells (61.5%)than that of HL-7702 cells (43.8%),with a significant difference (χ2 =16.11,P <0.01).Conclusion Peroxisome and its related ROS antioxidant enzymes CAT, PRDX1,SOD gene expression may be the important factors that affect artesunate antitumor activity against human pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in sevofluraneinduced release of inflammatory factors in mouse microglias.Methods Microglial cells obtained from newborn C57BL/6 mice (aged 2-3 days) were seeded in 24-well plates (density 1 × 105 cells/ml, 1 ml/well) , a total of 80 wells.The cells were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table (n =20 each) : control group (group C);sevoflurane group (group S);NF-κB selective inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group (group P);PDTC + sevoflurane group (group P +S).In S and P+S groups, 4.1％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 6 h.In P+S group, 10 μmol/L PDTC was added at 1 h before sevoflurane inhalation.At 6 h of incubation with sevoflurane, NF-κB activity and expression and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined.Results Compared with group C, the NF-κB activity and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in group S, and no significant change in the above parameters was found in the other two groups.Compared with group S, the NF-κB activity and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in group P+S.There was no significant difference in NF-κB expression between the four groups.Conclusion NF-κB mediates sevoflurane-induced release of inflammatory factors in mouse microglias.

Event-related potentials (ERP) is some kind of brain potentials that recorded from cranial surface when human cognitive processing an object(pay attention, memorize, thinking, etc). ERP consists of a variety of cognitive function and related components. Including early composition, mismatch negativity (MMN), N2 family, P3 family, and other related components of language processing. These components are closely related to human cognitive function,the research of ERP can lead to a deeper understanding of cognitive function of human brains and has important application value of forensic medicine.

Objective To investigate nasomaxlllary complex facial soft tissue changes after the treatment with maxillary protraction appliance with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion with a retruded maxilla.Methods Thirty growing subjects with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions with maxillary retrognathism were selected and treated by facial mask(male 15,female 15,with an average age of 10.5).They were given a maxillary protraction treatment with face mask for 6-8 months.Cephalometric measurements about nasomaxillary complex soft tissue changes were analyzed to draw the statistic conclusion.Results After maxillary protraction treatment,PraY,nasofrontal angle,As-Y,UL-Y,UL-E,S-Ns-Sn increased (P ＜ 0.01) ; M-Y increased (P ＜ 0.05) ; LL-E,PosY,nasolabial angle decreased (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the Ns-Y and columella-tip angle.Conclusion After maxillary protraction treatment,nasomaxillary complex area becomes more marked.Both the nasomaxillary complex soft tissue and lower facial profile are dramatically improved.The combining effect of these two changes results in a more harmony profile.

Purpose　The aim is to study the conditions of preparation and regeneration of Gliocladium sp. (F) protoplast. Methods　 Different enzyme systems, enzymolysis time, osmotic pressure stabilizers were studied to investigate their influence on the productivity and regenerating rate of Gliocladiumsp. F protoplasts. The HPLC method was used to determine EP (6,22-diene-5,8-epidioxy ergosta-3-hydroxy) content.Results　The higher productivity of protoplasts was obtained when mycelia of strain F growing for 60 hours was digested at 28℃ for 4 hours by solution containing 2% cellulase and 2% helicase dissolved in 0.5 mol/L mannitol and the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol as osmotic pressure stabilizer would be suitable for protoplast regeneration. According to the EP productivity detected by HPLC, high positive rate of the regenerated strains growing in the medium containing 0.5mol/L mannitol could be got. Conclusion　The results will promote the research of strain F mutantgenesis and will be helpful for obtaining the strain more effectively biosythesizing compound EP.