Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin for the theatment of com-munity acquired pneumonia(CAP) in the elderly patients. Methods Thirty-six elderly inpatients with CAP between May 2005 and May 2007 were treated with levofloxacin at a dosage intravenously of 500 mg once a day for 5 to 14 days treatment. Results Streptococcus pneumoniae of multiple drugs-resistant were found in sputum of 22 patients,pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8 patients and haemophilus influenzae in 6 patients de-pending on the results of the sputum culture. The total clinical efficacy rate of levofloxacin was 75.0% and bacteria elimination rate was 82.1%,and 16.7% patients showed related side effect of diarrhea,skin-rash and kidney injury. Conclusions Levofloxacin is an effective with little side effect in treatment of CAP in the elderly.

Objective To construct a recombinant lentiviral expression vector for RNA interference (RNAi) of human Snail gene and to study its effects on the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F. Methods The effective sequence of short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting Snail gene was designed and cloned into the linear pLVTHM vector after enzyme digestion. After confirmation by DNA sequencing, 5-8F cells were infected with the viral supernatants. The cells with stable Snail gene knock-down were separated by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FASC). The expression of Snail mRNA was detected by real time RT-PCR. MTT and cell invasion assay were used to detect the proliferation and invasion of 5-8F cells after plVTHM-siSnail transfection. Results The lentivirus vector plVTHM-siSnail was constructed successfully. The separated 5-8F-plVTHM-siSnail exhibited significant knock-down of Snail mRNA expression. Slower proliferation and decreased cells to permeate through the Matrigel were found after plVTHM-siSnail transfection (P

This study investigated the influence of silencing TRAF6 with shRNA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway in vitro. Four plasmids (pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2, 3, 4) containing different shRNA sequences were designed and synthesized. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells after transfected with these plasmids was measured by MTT assay. Inflammatory cellular models were established by LPS stimulation. Levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 in the supernatants, mRNA expressions of TRAF6, IL-6 and COX-2, protein expression of TRAF6 and translocation of NF-kappaB were assayed by ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the TRAF6 gene knockdown by RNAi hardly inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells within 72 h. The mRNA and protein expression of TRAF6 was lower in the TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 groups than in the TRAF6-shRNA3, 4 groups. Therefore, pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 were selected for the subsequent experiments. Our results still showed that pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 could significantly reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and COX-2, and inhibit NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Moreover, pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 could suppress the release of TGF-beta1 at the protein level. It was concluded that the recombinant plasmid pTRAF6-shRNA can, to some extent, inhibit inflammatory response stimulated by LPS at the initial phase. TRAF6 may become the potential therapeutic target of many inflammation-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo explore the expression of CD3+ CD8+ human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+T lymphocytes with specificity to the different hepatitis B virus (HBV) peptides in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)from the patients with hepatitis B associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe HLA-A2+ PBMC from four patients with hepatitis B associated HCC were incubated with five HBV/HLA-A2 pentamers respectively,which were HBV sAg (FLLTRILTI),HBV sAg (GLSPTVWLSV),HBV sAg (WLSLLVPFV),HBV core (FLPSDFFPSV),and HBV pol (FLLSLGIHL),as well as anti-CD3-pacific blue and anti-CD8-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).Then,HBV/HLA-A2-CD3-CD8 positive cells were detected by flow cytometry. The monoclonal HBV/HLA-A2-CD3-CD8+ cells were acquired by fluorescenceactivated cell sorter,and cultured and identified by flow cytometry.The anti-HBV specific T lymphocytes were then cultured with HepG2 (HLA-A2+ ) cells and the release of interferon γ (IFN-γ)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Res(a)ltsThe percentage of antiHBV T lymphoeytes with specificity to GLSPTVWLSV in total CD8+ T lymphoeytes from four patients with hepatitis B associated HCC was 1.44％±0.04％,which was higher than those to other four HBV antigen peptides (0.68％±0.08％ of FLLTRILTI,1.06％±0.09％ of FLPSDFFPSV,0.56％ ±0.04％ of FLLSLGIHL,and 0.46％ ±0.08％ of WLSLLVPFV) (t=0.001,P＜0.05).The two lines of monoclonal cell with specificity to GLSPTVWLSV both exhibited high level of IFN-γ expression after incubated with hepatic carcinoma cell line HepG2 (HLA-A2+)with HBV GLSPTVWLSV peptide.ConclusionsCD3+ CD8+ HLA-A2+ cells with specificity to the different HBV peptides exist in PBMC of patients with hepatitis B associated HCC.The expression level depends on HBV antigen peptide sequences and genomic sites.

This study investigated the influence of silencing TRAF6 with shRNA on lipopolysac-charide (LPS)/toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway in vitro. Four plasmids (pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA 1, 2, 3, 4) containing different shRNA sequences were designed and synthesized. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells after transfected with these plasmids was measured by MTT assay. Inflammatory cellular models were established by LPS stimulation. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-β1 in the supernatants, mRNA expressions of TRAF6, IL-6 and COX-2, protein expression of TRAF6 and translocation of NF-κB were assayed by ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the TRAF6 gene knockdown by RNAi hardly inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells within 72 h. The mRNA and protein expression of TRAF6 was lower in the TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 groups than in the TRAF6-shRNA3, 4 groups. Therefore, pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 were selected for the subsequent experiments. Our results still showed that pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA 1, 2 could significantly reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cyto-kines and mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2, and inhibit NF-κB nuclear transloca-tion. Moreover, pGCsi-TRAF6-shRNA1, 2 could suppress the release of TGF-β1 at the protein level. It was concluded that the recombinant plasmid pTRAF6-shRNA can, to some extent, inhibit inflam-matory response stimulated by LPS at the initial phase. TRAF6 may become the potential therapeutic target of many inflammation-related diseases.

Objective To explore the effects of healthcare failure mode and effects analysis (HFMEA) on needlestick injuries prevention in nurses. Methods A total of 1 082 nurses were selected from January to December 2015 in a grade three hospital and 1 105 nurses from January to December 2016. From January to December 2016, the needle withdrawal process when finishing infusion was managed with HFMEA. The potential failure mode of needlestick injuries was found by "brainstorming method". The risk priority number (RPN) was assessed according to the harm score matrix. A total of 9 failure modes (RPN≥ 8) were reformed and carried with quality control. The score of RPN and the incidence of needle puncture standardization were compared before and after HFMEA. Results After applying HFMEA, the RPN of failure modes of needlestick injuries during needle withdrawal process all dropped to targeted value (under 8). The total RPN decreased from (81.08±26.68) to (48.46±12.48) (t'=2.854, P<0.05). Except for centrally separating needle head, RPN of other failure modes all significantly reduced (P<0.05). The RPN involving poor technique, rescue and emergency needle withdrawal, nonstandard medical wastes classification, low adaptability degree of patients, push-back needle head in infusion bag, needle cap sheathed by both hands all declined more obvious. The standardized incidence of needlestick injuries in total flow decreased from 0.062 cases per FTE year before implementing HFMEA to 0.038 cases per FTE year (χ2=6.698, P<0.01). Conclusions Application of HFMEA in management of needle withdrawal process in nurses can prospectively control nonstandard operative behavior and optimize process so as to effectively reduce the risk of needlestick injuries.

Objective To provide reference for the subsequent clinical application of WBV,based on the impacts of whole body vibration(WBV)with different frequencies on gross motor function and walking function in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.Methods 60 children aged 6～12 with dyskinetic cerebral palsy,who had been treated at the department of rehabilitation medicine in the Affiliated Southwest Medical University from October 2021 to November 2022,were selected.They were randomly divided into a control group(n = 20),(25±5)Hz group(n = 20),and(35±5)Hz group(n = 20).All the three groups received conventional rehabilitation,while the(25±5)Hz group received additional WBV with(25±5)Hz and the(35±5)Hz group received WBV with(35±5)Hz.They were treated for eight weeks.The scores on D and E domains of GMFM-88,TUGT,the score on Berg Balance Scale,and footprint analysis were used for assessment of the efficacy after treatment.Results As compared with the baselines,the scores were improved in the three groups after treatment(P＜0.001).BBS(F = 12.502),TUGT(F = 8.211),scores on D and E domains of GMFM-88(F = 12.802 and 8.505),stride length(F = 12.279),1MWT distance(F = 12.619),and step width(F = 13.582)were better in the(35±5)Hz group than in the(25±5)Hz group and the control group(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01);and the efficacy was better in the(25±5)Hz group than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).Conclusion WBV can improve trunk control,lower limb gross motor function,and walking function in children with involuntary motor type cerebral palsy.(35±5)Hz is better than(25±5)Hz for the efficacy of WBV.

Resin cements have been widely employed for bonding all-ceramic restorations in clinical practice, its color stability is directly related to long-term prosthetic effect of restorations. Discoloration of resin cements can be attributed to two causes: endogenous factors are generally related to material compositions and initiation mechanism of polymerization; exogenous factors are mainly related to stimulation of local oral environment. Color stability of resin cements has close relationship with esthetic effect of all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this literature review was to make a presentation and discussion systematically about color stability of resin cements commonly used clinically, its influence factors and influence on all-ceramic restorations, so as to provide a reference for the application of all-ceramic restorations.

Dental bonding technology and materials have been used widely in dentistry because of their excellent properties. The development of novel bonding technology and materials is constantly being performed to improve the effect of dental bonding restorations. Observation and analysis of the dental bonding interface is one of the most important methods for laboratory evaluation of bonding efficiency. This paper aims to review the methods of observation and analysis of dental bonding interfaces to provide a reference for the selection of evaluation methods in dental bonding research. The features of 6 methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were described and summarized. Among these methods, SEM and TEM are used most often in the analysis of fine structures; CLSM and OCT are used for the acquisition of characteristic image signals, such as microleakage and exogenous and endogenous fluorescence; and RS and AFM can test chemical composition and mechanical properties.