Cytochemical methods were used to evaluate the changes of intracellular calcium, plasma membrane permeability and their relationship during ischemia and reflow in rat renal proximal tubule epithelia cells. In addition, the preventive effects of inosine and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong on ischemia and reperfusion cell injury were studied. The results showed that the preventive effects of inosine and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong were obvious. Redistribution and slight increase of calcium occurred during ischemic period in the proximal tubule cells. In this period the changes of plasma membrane permeability were gentle. Following the extention of reflow time, a large amount of calcium deposited in the cells and mitochondria. The plasma membrane became broken.

Objective To investigate the effects of casticin on proliferation and invasion on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods MTT assay and invasion assay were performed in MCF-7 cells treated with casticin,respectively.The expression of Bax,Caspase-3,MMP-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Casticin inhibited MCF-7 cells proliferation and invasion in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,Bax and Caspase-3 expression was increased in MCF-7 cells treated with casticin,whereas MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated.Conclusion Casticin may play a critical role in inhibiting breast tumor cell proliferation and invasion,reinforcing its potential in clinical application.

Cancer stem cells are thought to be the seed of tumor formation, through complex signalings and cytokines in the surrounding microenvironment regulate the development and metastasis of tumor.Tumor stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, the intracellular signaling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cell include Wnt, Hedgehog signaling pathway.The tumor microenvironment is the dimensional environment surrounding the tumor,including the extracellular matrix, surrounding blood capillary,stromal cells ( fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated endothelial cells, inflammatory cells) and cytokines secreted by stromal cells.Cancer stem cells maintain a close communication with the cells in the tumor microenvironment.In this paper, the cell surface maker of cancer stem cell,cancer stem cells and regulation of cytokine in the microenvironment,intracellular signaling pathways of cancer stem cells are reviewed to show complex regulatory networks in the tumor microenvironment.This review should help providing a new direction on specific cancer therapy for cancer stem cells in cacer treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orbital decompression for compressive optic-neuropathy. Methods Fourteen eyes of twelve cases with Graves opthalmopathy and compressive optic-neuropathy undergone two orbital walls decompression with the follow-up period of more than 3 months were analyzed. Results The effect of complete closure of palpebral fissure was attained in all of the postoperative eyes and the visual acuity was increased in eleven eyes, remained no change in two eyes and decreased in one eye. The mean value of the recession of exophthalmic eyes after operation was mean 4 0 mm. Conclusion Two orbital walls decompression is an effective method for compressive optic-neuropathy in Gaves ophthalmopathy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 16 cases of spontaneous ruptured HCC which had been treated in our hospital between 1997 and 2005.Emergency TAE was performed in the 16 patients,with 6 cases complicated by hypovolemic.Results Bleeding from the ruptured HCC was stopped at the end of the procedure in 16 patients who had undergone successful embolization.The time from the onset of clinical symprtom to TAE been completed was 1.5-5 hours(mean,3.6 hours),The shortest time was 1.5 hours in 3 patients.Following the achievement of hemostasis by TAE,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)2-6 times for each case with average 3.7 and CT guided percutaneous ethanol injection(CT-PEI)5-9 times for every case with arerage 6.8 were performed in 12 cases.3 cases were given up for further treatment.The liver transplantation was carried out in 1 case 3 days after TAE.The average survival time was 14.3 months.Conclusions Emergency TAE is safe and effective for bleeding due to spontaneous rupture in HCC and would achieve better result by adding TACE and CT-PEI.Liver transplantation is one of the options for the patients with poor liver function.The combination of all methods above can prolong patients survival time.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:228-231)

objective To investigate the immunophenotype of Chinese patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)and its association to cytogenetics and clinical features.Methods In this study.a total of 113 Chinese patients with ALL were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.50 000 cells were acquired and analyzed with Cell Quest and abnormal populations were recognized by CD_(45)/SSC gating.Among the 113 patients enrolled in this study,bone marrow cells of 74 patients were cultured for 72 hours to prepare for conventional chromosome detection.and karyotype was analyzed with R-banding technique.Results Of 113 ALL patients,14.2%(16/113)were identified as TALL,85.8%(97/113)as B-ALL Among the 106 out of 113 ALL cases,myeloid antigen(MyAg)expression was documented in 34.9%(37/106)and CD_(13) was the most commonly expressed MyAg in ALL patients(23.6%,25/106).MyAgs were more frequently associated with T-ALL(46.2%,6/13)than with B-ALL(33.3%,31/93)but there was no significant difieFence(X~2=0.825,P＞0.05)between the two groups.MyAg positivity in adult ALL patients(47.6%,20/42)was higher than that in children(26.6%,17/64).There was a significant difference between the two groups(X~2=4.948,P＜0.05).Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 39 out of 74(52.7%)patients.It showed that percentage of patients with high WBC count(＞50×10~9/L)in MyAg~+(48.6%,18/37)was higher than that in MyAg~-ALL types (20.3%,14/69).There was a significant difference between the two groups(X~2=9.191,P＜0.01).CD34 expression was found in 83.8%(31/37)of MyAg~+ and 53.6%(37/69)of MyAg~-cages.There was a significant difference between the two groups(X~2=9.527,P＜0.05).In addition,the percentage of adult ALL patients in MyAg~+ group(54.1%,20/37)was higher than that in MyAg~-group(31.9%,22/69).There was a significant difference between the two groups(X~2=4.948,P＜0.05).Conclusion lmmunophenotype analysis is useful for ALL diagnosis and classification and the immunophenotype has relevance to the abnormal cytogenetic changes and clinical features in ALL patients.

Objective To investigate drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis,compare detecting effect of two methods and evaluate their value of clinical application.Methods All of the strains of mycoba-cterium tuberculosis were tested for resistance to RFP,INH,SM,PZA and EMB by the absolute concentration method on lowenste in-jensen medium and the mutation of the rpoB,katG,rpsL,pncA and embB resistanc genes in mycobacterium.Tuberculosis was tested by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP).Results 400 cases of tuberculosis drug resistance in patients with conventional susceptibility test resistance 316 cases (79.8%);resistant strains resistant gene detection 288,the mutation rate(72.0%):the RFP cases of resistance and resistance was significantly higher than that of SM,PZA and the EMB(resistant cases:F=2.45,2.56,2.69,P＜0.05;ResNtance:F=2.55,2.66,2.79,P＜0.05);the mutants and mutation rate of rpoB was higher than that of katG,rpsL,rpoB and embB(mutant:F=2.28,2.46,3.19,3.33,P＜0.05～O.01;mutation rate:F=2.36,2.61,3.25,3.45,P＜0.05～0.01);the gene mutation rate was higher in strains isolated from high concentration resistance than those in strains isolated from low concentration resistance;the more irregular treatment was longer,the rate of drug-resistant was higher(resistance:F=2.77,2.88,P＜0.05;mutation rate:F=2.72,2.85,P＜0.05).Conclusion PCR-SSCP is a sensitive and specific method for rapid detecting rpoB,katG,rpsL,pncA and embB gene mutations of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE:To promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.METHODS:A comprehensive analysis was performed on the contents of drug counseling problems presented by 483 patients and medical staff.RESULTS:The use of cardio-cerebral-vascular drugs,anti-bacterial drugs and digestive system drugs were the most common drugs inquired by patients,and their questions focused on the action and clinical use,adverse reactions,administration and dosage etc of drugs.However,anti-bacterial drugs were the leading drugs inquired by medical staff,and their questions focused on drugs available for choice and combined use of drugs etc.CONCLUSIONS:Drug counseling can help promote rational drug use,improve medical quality and patients' awareness toward medical care,besides,it is conducive to the publicity for hospital pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE: To study the status quo and future trend of digestive system drugs used in our hospital. METHO-DS: The digestive system drugs used in our hospital between 2001 and 2005 were analyzed retrospectively in respect to drug kinds, consumption sum, DDDs, daily costs etc. RESULTS: Drugs for peptic ulcer and hepatobiliary diseases took a big proportion and experienced a year- on- year increase. No significant change was noted for the top 10 drugs on the lists of DDDs and consumption sum before and after the medical insurance reform, but their order changed a little. The DDDs of most of the cheap and effective drugs increased after the medical insurance reform. CONCLUSION: The consumption of antiulcer drugs and drugs for hepatobiliary diseases in our hospital assume an increasing tendency.