Cytochemical methods were used to evaluate the changes of intracellular calcium, plasma membrane permeability and their relationship during ischemia and reflow in rat renal proximal tubule epithelia cells. In addition, the preventive effects of inosine and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong on ischemia and reperfusion cell injury were studied. The results showed that the preventive effects of inosine and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong were obvious. Redistribution and slight increase of calcium occurred during ischemic period in the proximal tubule cells. In this period the changes of plasma membrane permeability were gentle. Following the extention of reflow time, a large amount of calcium deposited in the cells and mitochondria. The plasma membrane became broken.

Cancer stem cells are thought to be the seed of tumor formation, through complex signalings and cytokines in the surrounding microenvironment regulate the development and metastasis of tumor.Tumor stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, the intracellular signaling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cell include Wnt, Hedgehog signaling pathway.The tumor microenvironment is the dimensional environment surrounding the tumor,including the extracellular matrix, surrounding blood capillary,stromal cells ( fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated endothelial cells, inflammatory cells) and cytokines secreted by stromal cells.Cancer stem cells maintain a close communication with the cells in the tumor microenvironment.In this paper, the cell surface maker of cancer stem cell,cancer stem cells and regulation of cytokine in the microenvironment,intracellular signaling pathways of cancer stem cells are reviewed to show complex regulatory networks in the tumor microenvironment.This review should help providing a new direction on specific cancer therapy for cancer stem cells in cacer treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of casticin on proliferation and invasion on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods MTT assay and invasion assay were performed in MCF-7 cells treated with casticin,respectively.The expression of Bax,Caspase-3,MMP-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Casticin inhibited MCF-7 cells proliferation and invasion in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,Bax and Caspase-3 expression was increased in MCF-7 cells treated with casticin,whereas MMP-2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated.Conclusion Casticin may play a critical role in inhibiting breast tumor cell proliferation and invasion,reinforcing its potential in clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orbital decompression for compressive optic-neuropathy. Methods Fourteen eyes of twelve cases with Graves opthalmopathy and compressive optic-neuropathy undergone two orbital walls decompression with the follow-up period of more than 3 months were analyzed. Results The effect of complete closure of palpebral fissure was attained in all of the postoperative eyes and the visual acuity was increased in eleven eyes, remained no change in two eyes and decreased in one eye. The mean value of the recession of exophthalmic eyes after operation was mean 4 0 mm. Conclusion Two orbital walls decompression is an effective method for compressive optic-neuropathy in Gaves ophthalmopathy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of emergency transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)for spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 16 cases of spontaneous ruptured HCC which had been treated in our hospital between 1997 and 2005.Emergency TAE was performed in the 16 patients,with 6 cases complicated by hypovolemic.Results Bleeding from the ruptured HCC was stopped at the end of the procedure in 16 patients who had undergone successful embolization.The time from the onset of clinical symprtom to TAE been completed was 1.5-5 hours(mean,3.6 hours),The shortest time was 1.5 hours in 3 patients.Following the achievement of hemostasis by TAE,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)2-6 times for each case with average 3.7 and CT guided percutaneous ethanol injection(CT-PEI)5-9 times for every case with arerage 6.8 were performed in 12 cases.3 cases were given up for further treatment.The liver transplantation was carried out in 1 case 3 days after TAE.The average survival time was 14.3 months.Conclusions Emergency TAE is safe and effective for bleeding due to spontaneous rupture in HCC and would achieve better result by adding TACE and CT-PEI.Liver transplantation is one of the options for the patients with poor liver function.The combination of all methods above can prolong patients survival time.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:228-231)

Objective To investigate the mechanism of neural protection of mouse nerve growth factor combined with sub-hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods 90 cases of severe traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into study group and control group with 45 cases of each group, the control group were given routine treatment; the study group were given on the basis of routine treatment of mouse nerve growth factor combined with sub-hypothermia treatment, with 2 weeks treatment, the clinical indicators and corresponding nerve injury, inflammation, oxidative stress indexes, clinical effect and complications were compared after 2 weeks treatment. Results Compared with before treatment or control group, scores of Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in study group after the treatment increased, National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score decreased(P<0.05), neuronspecific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP) and S100 beta levels decreased(P<0.05), the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 levels decreased (P<0.05), the malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and oxidation resistance (AOA) levels increased (P<0.05). The control group efficiency was 73.33%, the study group efficiency was 91.11%, there was significant difference (P<0.05). All patients were followed up, no case off, there was no significant difference in adverse drug reaction rate between two groups. Conclusion Mouse nerve growth factor and sub-hypothermia has the significant neural protection for patients with severe traumatic brain injury, and its mechanism may be related to reduce nerve injury indicators and improve inflammatory factor and oxidative stress response.

Objective To investigate drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis,compare detecting effect of two methods and evaluate their value of clinical application.Methods All of the strains of mycoba-cterium tuberculosis were tested for resistance to RFP,INH,SM,PZA and EMB by the absolute concentration method on lowenste in-jensen medium and the mutation of the rpoB,katG,rpsL,pncA and embB resistanc genes in mycobacterium.Tuberculosis was tested by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP).Results 400 cases of tuberculosis drug resistance in patients with conventional susceptibility test resistance 316 cases (79.8%);resistant strains resistant gene detection 288,the mutation rate(72.0%):the RFP cases of resistance and resistance was significantly higher than that of SM,PZA and the EMB(resistant cases:F=2.45,2.56,2.69,P＜0.05;ResNtance:F=2.55,2.66,2.79,P＜0.05);the mutants and mutation rate of rpoB was higher than that of katG,rpsL,rpoB and embB(mutant:F=2.28,2.46,3.19,3.33,P＜0.05～O.01;mutation rate:F=2.36,2.61,3.25,3.45,P＜0.05～0.01);the gene mutation rate was higher in strains isolated from high concentration resistance than those in strains isolated from low concentration resistance;the more irregular treatment was longer,the rate of drug-resistant was higher(resistance:F=2.77,2.88,P＜0.05;mutation rate:F=2.72,2.85,P＜0.05).Conclusion PCR-SSCP is a sensitive and specific method for rapid detecting rpoB,katG,rpsL,pncA and embB gene mutations of mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate activities of lipo-related enzymes in ventromedial hypothalamic obese rats at acute phase in fed state. Methods: Female SD rats were divided into two groups, one group received bilateral electrolytic lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH), and another one was used as sham control. Samples of blood, livers, and subcutaneous, parametric and mesenteric adipose tissues ,and gastrocnemius were collected one week after VMH lesions and sham operations in fed state. Results: Serum insulin in VMH group was higher than that in sham group, meanwhile serum free fatty acids in VMH group were lower (P