OBJECTIVE To study the infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after brain operation and drug-sensitivity.METHODS The system of BBLCrystalTM MIND-Crystal identification and Chinese software were used to identify P.aeruginosa.Drug-sensitivity was performed by K-B methods in accordance with NCCLS.RESULTS Totally 261 specimens were isolated from 126 patients during Mar to Dec 2005.From them 99 strains of P.aeruginosa were detected from specimens of 38 patients.There were 50 strains from phlegm,20 strains from suction in trachea,6 strains from urethral catheterization,8 strains from vein catheter,and 15 strains from wound excretion.Seventy seven strains(77.7%)were isolated during the peak period of May to August.Strains that were isolated in the same period possessed uniform drug-sensitivity results,which hinted epidemic of the same clone of P.aeruginosa in the Deparment of Cerebral Surgery.Drug-sensitivity results showed P.aeruginosa had been resistant to the common antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS Infection with P.aeruginosa after brain operation and drug resistance have already been serious,so we should think seriously of it.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drug-resistance status of Klebsiella pneumoniae in county hospital and provide the reference for rational application of antibiotics.METHODS Drug-resistance was analyzed by K-B methods.The ESBLs producing strains were detected by disc confirmed test.RESULTS The detection rate of ESBLs producing K.pneumoniae was 34.7% in our hospital.Among 216 strains of K.pneumoniae,the susceptibility rates to imipenem and meropenem were all 100.0%.And the resistant rate to amikacin was 25.0%.The resistant rates to the other 9 antibiotics were all over 30.0%.CONCLUSIONS Drug-resistance status of K.pneumoniae is very serious in county hospital.We should think highly of monitoring and controlling drug-resistance of clinical strains in order to prevent breaking out and surveillance.

Objective To explore the role of estradiol decline in the early luteal phase (the 2nd day after oocyte retrieval) in the prediction of in-vitro fertilization outcomes. Methods A total of 236 cases under in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer(ICSI-ET) cycles were included in this retrospective study of their medical records. The cases were divided into three groups according to the levels of estradiol decline on the 2nd day following OPU: group A (n = 70) with the decline rate of less than 70%, group B (n=114) with the decline rate of 70%~80%and group C (n=52) at the decline rate of more than 80%. The comparisons were done among the three groups in terms of the number of oocyte retrieval, the rate of fertilization, the rate of best oocytes and the rate of miscarriage. Results There were no significant differences statistically in the number of oocyte retrieval, the rate of fertilization, the rate of best oocytes and the rate of miscarriage (P > 0.05). But the rates of clinical pregnancy rate in groups A and B were significantly higher than that in group C (68.6% and 68.4% vs. 44.2%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of estradiol declines in the early luteal phase may be important in the prediction of IVF outcomes.

AIM:To study the HPLC fingerprints and to establish a sensitive and specific method for controlling the quality of Herba Ephedrae. METHODS: HPLC method was set up,using CLCphenyl column(5 ?m 4.6 mm?150 mm) with gradient elution,the mobile phase was comprised of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid(0.1%),the UV detection wavelength was at 215 nm,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprints of Herba Ephedrae based on 10 habitats.Sum of peak areas was larger than 90% total area.The similarity was compared and the HPLC fingerprints was set up. CONCLUSION: The quality of Herba Ephedrae can be controlled effectively by HPLC fingerprints.

Objective To study the effect of licorice on the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin in hyperlipidemic rat model.Methods Eighteen rats were randomly divided into control group (n =6) and test group (n =12).Rats in the test group were administered high fat diet to construct hyperlipidemic rat model.The 12 hyperlipidemic rats were then randomly divided into two groups:lovastatin group (n =6) and lovastatin combined with hcorice group (n =6).The rats in both groups were administered lovastatin capsule (20 mg/kg,0.5％ CMC-Na solution) after receiving licorice (for lovastatin combined with licorice group) or saline (for lovastatin group) for 7 days.Blood samples were collected at different time points before and after the administration of lovastatin capsule.The plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid (an active metabolite of lovastatin) were determined by LC-MS/MS method.Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software,and the two groups were compared using SPSS 18.0 software.Results Long-term administration of licorice resulted in a significant increase in the plasma level of lovastatin acid in the hyperlipidemic rat,and the corresponding mean Cmax was approximately 80％ higher than that of the lovastatin group (P ＜ 0.05),while AUC0-t and AUC0-t increased by 115％ and 109％,respectively (P =0.005 and P =0.027).Cmax and AUC of lovastatin also increased,but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Licorice can inhibit the metabolism of lovastatin in hyperhpidemic rats and increase its exposure in vivo.

Objective To study the role of 1,4,5-trisphosphate inositol(IP3) and bax gene expression in inhibiting transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma of nude mice by quercetin.Methods After animals with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with quercetin 1mg/kg/d(ip)for 3 weeks,the volume and weight of tumor was measured,and IP3,Bax mRNA,and Bax protein were assayed by IP3- Birtrak assay,RT-PCR,and Western blotting,respectively;and compard with coutrol group.Results The tumor volume and weight of animals treated with quercetin were lower than those of control[(15.8?10.1) mm3 vs.(52.3?26.5 mm3;(44.8?10.4) mg vs.(91.3?31.4) mg],IP3 content was lower than that of control[(15.9?2.8)pmol/mg protein vs(35.3?6.6)pmol/mg protein],Bax mRNA expression was not significantly different between the 2 groups[RI which was the gray degree multiply area of bax / the gray degree multiply area of ?-actin(0.64?0.12) vs.(0.56?0.15)],Bax mRNA expression was higher in group treated with quercetin than that of control[(3.16?0.95) vs.(1.37?0.48)].Conclusions Quercetin can inhibit growth of transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma of nude mice by reducing IP3 production and bax protein expression.

AIM: To develop a new identification of crude drug Herba Ephedrae. METHODS: Using the method of X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint patterns for the analysis and calculation of 12 habitats of Herba Ephedrae. RESULTS: The standard X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint pattern of Herba Ephedrae was obtained with 26 peaks. CONCLUSION: The identification and quality control of Herba Ephedrae can be accomplished with X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint patterns analysis.

Objective To determine whether the ?_2-adrenoceptor genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with atrial fibrillation.Methods A case-control study was performed on 218 subjects,including 58 subjects with lone atrial fibrillation,50 subjects with atrial fibrillation and essential hypertension,50 subjects with essential hypertension and 60 healthy controls.The ?_2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms at amino acids 16 and 27 were identified by allele specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The Gly/Gly genotype as well as the Gly16 allele at amino acids 16 was significantly more common in the atrial fibrillation group than in the non-atrial fibrillation group.But there was no significant differenece in the allele frequency or the genotype frequency of the Gln27 Glu polymorphism between the two groups.In addition,the difference in the distribution of polymorphisms at amino acids 16 and 27 between the four different observed groups was not significant either.Conclusion Gly16 polymorphism of the ?_2-adrenoceptor overrepresenting in the atrial fibrillation group seems to be associated with atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate vagal effects on atrial fibrillation(AF)thresholds at different sites of pulmonary veins after autonomic denervation.Methods In 10 mongrel dogs,the cervical vagal trunks were isolated bilaterally and decentralized from Oct 2004 to May 2005.The ansae subclaviae were exposed bilaterally as they exited from the stellate ganglia,doubly ligated,and cut.Local rapid electrical stimulation(S1S1=80 ms,impulse duration 0.5 ms)was performed to right appendage(RAA)、left appendage(LAA)、left atrium(LA)and different sites of 4 pulmonary veins.AF threshold was determined at each site in the baseline state,during bilateral cervical vagal stimulation(VNS,12.5 Hz,impulse duration 0.5 ms,stimulation voltage 5～8 V)and during infusion of atropine.Results During VNS,a lower AF threshold was observed at all sites,especially at distal of 4 pulmonary veins(P0.05).Conclusion Vagal nerve not only contributes to the maintenance of AF originating from pulmonary veins,but also greatly promotes the initiation of AF.

Objective To inquire into T-type calcium channel effects on atrial electrical remodelling and its mechanisms during atrial fibrillation.Methods Animal experiment was performed in Peking University Pepole's Hospital from Feb.2002 to Oct.2006.Fifteen adult cross-bred dogs were used in the experiment.Ten dogs underwent continuous rapid atrial pacing(500 beats/min)for twenty-four weeks to create persistent atrial fibrillation.In five rapidly-paced dogs,50mg pure powder/day of mibefradil dihydrochloride was given from the second day after pacemaker implantation and continued until the twenty-fourth week.A group of size-matched dogs(n=5)without being given mibefradil was used as a pure atrial fibrillation group.Another group of size-matched dogs(n=5)without pacemaker implantation was used as a control group.Atrial fibrillation duration was determined by electrophysiological study.Canine atrial myocytes were isolated by enzymatic dissociation and intracellular Ca2+ cytosolic transient was studied with confocal imaging.Results (1)The preoperation atrial effective refractory period was 280/90~110 ms.In the twenty-fourth week after rapid atrial pacing,atrial effective refractory period was obviously extended(2000/1400~1700 ms)in the T-type Ca2+ channel blocker group compared with the preoperation one.In the twenty-fourth week,the induced rate of persistent atrial fibrillation was 75% in atrial fibrillation group,whereas the persistent atrial fibrillation occurred in only one case(20%)in the T-type Ca2+ channel blocker group.(2)Intracellular Ca2+ concentration of atrial myocytes was unremarkably changed in control group after blocking L-type Ca2+ channel(1.17?0.09 OD ratio),whereas the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was obviously enhanced(2.35?1.05 OD ratio)(P