Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have multiple protective effect on the nervous system which related to angiogenesis,neurogenesis,directly neurotrophic protection and antiapoptotic mechanisms.The study of the nervous system of VEGF focus on tumors,trauma,stroke,autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.The study of VEGF related to epileptic seizures is relatively rare.This paper is to make a review about the neuroprotective effect of VEGF on epileptic seizure.

Objective To explore a better method to establish temporal lobe epilepsy model by administrating drug in brain region.Methods Kainic acid(KA)4 ?g/kg was injected into rat's hippocampus by stereotactic operation.The rat's behavior,EEG and pathological changes were observed.Results After the rat's hippocampus injected with KA,staring,wet-dog shakes,masticatory movement and clonus of limbs occurred successively.The seizures were paroxysmal with rotation,unsettled state of jump and tic of limbs.The rats' behavior gradually recovered to normal after 10 hours.Then the spontaneous seizure(mostly rating 2～4)occurred 1～3 times every week.Cluster electric discharge,spike waves and sharp waves were recorded in cerebral cortex.KA-treated rats could result in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields neuronal degeneration and necrosis,especially significant neuron loss was observed in the CA3 field of KA injected ipsilateral side.Conclusions Injection KA in brain region of rat can establish temporal epilepsy model.The symptom,electrophysiology and pathological changes of temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat model are almost the same as those in human being.The KA induced rat model is an ideal tool to research human temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum of rats with temporal epilepsy (EP) induced by kainic acid (KA) and to judge the degree of injury of brain neuron and nerve myelin after seizure.Methods KA was injected into rat's hippocampus by stereotactic operation to establish an animal model of temporal EP.The levels of NSE and MBP in serum of rats with temporal EP were measured at the time 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after seizure.Results The level of NSE in serum increased gradually and reached its peak at 24 h after seizure, as well as MBP at 72 h.Conclusions There are the nerve cell damage and necrosis after seizure in rats with temporal EP, then brain white matter nerve myelin appear to damage.

Objective To explore the expression of Gamma-aminobutyric acid B recepter (GABABR) subunits mRNA and the effects of its agonist Baclofen in hippocampus after KA induced seizures,of experimental epileptic rats.Methods The GABABR subunits GAR1a及GAR2 mRNAs expression were determined in hippocampus of each experimental group after epileptic seizure and Baclofen interference by hybridization in situ. Results In early(6~12 h) time of KA induced epileptic rats, the mRNA levels of both receptor subunits in hippocampal formation were found downregulation widespreadly (all P

Clinically rare with an acute or subacute onset,Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is characterized as autoimmune encephalopathy with elevated anti-thyroid autoantibodies.If timely diagnosed and treated,its prognosis is often fair.Four HE cases admitted from January 2012 to June 2014 were analyzed with a literature review.HE 4 cases had a significantly higher level of thyroperoxidase (TPO) while the lowest increase over four folds.There were cognitive decline,memory loss and even coma.And 50％ had abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) consistent with radiographic lesions.In short,EEG may aid an early diagnosis of HE.

OBJECTIVE:To study the methods for determination of the content of ca lcium dobesilate METHODS:The determination was carried out by complexometric t itration,UV-spectrophotometry,precipitation or cerimetric titration RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The cemetric titration is simple in operation,accurate in result and sharp in end point

BACKGROUND:Embryo viability assessment is directly related to the selection of embryo transplantation and clinical outcome of assisted reproduction.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the assessment methods for early embryonic development.
METHODS:The first author searched PubMed database for relevant articles published from January 1990 to
December 2013 using the keywords of“assisted reproductive technology, art;pre-implantation embryo;embryonic development viability;evaluation methods”in English. Final y, 63 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the embryo quality evaluation, the most widely used method is morphological evaluation method which is characterized as rapid, non-invasive, and simple. With the development of assisted reproductive technology, the morphological evaluation combined with time-lapse imaging analysis system has been recognized in embryo selection. Recently, targeted-metabolic analysis has been proposed as a useful tool for assessment of embryo development potential, involving pyruvate acid, glycometabolism, amino acid, and embryo-derived cytokines (soluble human leukocyte antigen G1, platelet-activating factor, etc.). Furthermore, the pre-implantation genetic screening method targeting gene and chromosome abnormality is expected to find more effective markers for evaluating embryo developmental potential.

BACKGROUND:Since the first frozen embryo transplantation succeeded in 1983, embryo cryotechnique has been an important component in human assisted reproductive techniques. It is controversial which embryos and blastocysts after cryopreservation is selected.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the birth outcomes and neonatal status of frozen thawed embryos and blastocysts.
METHODS:In frozen thawed embryo group (n=1 273) and frozen thawed blastocyst group (n=471), we compared pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, premature delivery rate, average premature gestational weeks, term yield, average ful-term gestational age, newborn sex, birth weight, birth defects and so on.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were frozen thawed blastocyst thaw cycles in 478 cases, 471 cases of transplantation period (including 7 cases without blastocyst transfer were canceled), 236 cases of pregnancy, 201 cases of delivery. Delivery number was 251, including 140 boys and 111 girls. The third day embryo thawing cycle of freezing and thawing appeared in 1 280 cases, 1 273 cases of transplantation period (including 7 cases of no embryo transplantation were canceled), 415 cases of pregnancy, 343 cases of delivery. The delivery number was 431, including 225 boys and 206 girls. Rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in frozen thawed blastocysts compared with frozen thawed embryos. No significant differences were detected in rate of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy rate, premature delivery rate, average premature gestational weeks, term yield, average ful-termgestational age, newborn sex, and birth weight between frozen thawed embryos and blastocysts. There was no increase in birth defects between frozen thawed embryos and blastocysts. Results suggested that no significant difference was detected in birth outcomes and neonatal status of frozen thawed embryos and blastocysts. Nevertheless, pregnancy outcome is better in frozen thawed blastocysts than frozen thawed embryos.

Objective To compare the effect of three different fertilization modes of frozen-thawed embryos and blastocysts on the pregnancy outcome after thawed transplantation .Methods 3 586 cycles of frozen embryos transplantation (FET ) treatment in our center from January 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 3 groups according to the fertilization modes .The group A adopted the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in 2 008 cases and blas-tocysts transfer in 954 cases .The group B adopted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in 361 cases and blastocysts transfer in 129 cases ;the group C was given early remedy intracytoplasmic sperm injection (r-ICSI) of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in 87 cases and blastocysts transfer in 47 cases .The recovery rate of embryo and blastocyst ,pregnancy rate ,abortion rate ,ectopic pregnancy rate were compared for determining whether the differences among the indexes existed . Results The thawing recovery rate ,pregnancy rate ,abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate in the three different fertilization modes of embryo and blastocyst had no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with conventional in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection ,early r-ICSI is one of effective treatment means .

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations and recovery from neuroimaging abnormalities of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM),in order to improve the understanding of ADEM.Methods A total of 47 children with ADEM in Department of Neurology,Children′s Hospital of Soochow University were followed up for 1 year.The clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination (especially neuroimaging),treatment and prognosis were analyzed.The recovery conditions from clinical and neuroimaging abnormalities were summarized.Results Among 47 cases,37 cases (78.72%) had prodromic infection history,and 5 cases (10.64%) had the history of vaccination.The clinical manifestations were varied,including 36 cases (76.60%) with somatic discomfort,30 cases (63.83%) with fever,30 cases (63.83%) with disturbance of consciousness,28 cases (59.57%) with epileptic seizure,24 cases (51.06%) with headache and dizziness,22 cases (46.81%) with nausea and vomiting,15 cases (31.91%) with dyskinesia,15 cases (31.91%) with cranial nerve injury,9 cases (19.14%) with incoordination,and 8 cases (17.02%) with mental and behavior disorders.Abnormal lesions presented multiple,asymmetric patchy and large patchy signal image showed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and 7 cases (14.89%) involved the spinal cord.All patients received the treatment of Methylprednisolone [15-20 mg/(kg·d)] combined with intravenous gamma globulin (total 2 g/kg,3 to 5 days).The dose of Methylprednisolone gradually decreased after it had been used for 3 days.In the end,it was replaced by an oral administration of Prednisone [1.0-2.0 mg/(kg·d)],and the total treatment period was for 2-3 months.The follow-ups of 47 children with ADEM showed that the MRI lesions of all the children were reduced and the MRI lesions in 4 (8.51%) of them disappeared completely after 0.5 month of follow-up;the lesions disappeared completely in 13 cases (27.66%) after 1 month of follow-up;the lesions disappeared completely in 23 cases (48.94%) after 3 months of follow-up;the lesions disappeared completely in 32 cases (68.09%) after 6 months of follow-up;the lesions disappeared completely in 43 cases (91.49%) after 1 year of follow-up;and finally there were 4 cases (8.51%) with residual lesions.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of children with ADEM are varied.Most children with ADEM have a favorable prognosis.Imaging lesions of 68.09% of the cases completely disappeared after the onset of 6 months.Imaging lesions in 91.49% of the cases completely disa-ppeared at the onset of 1 year.Only a small fraction of patients present permanent lesions.