Objective To study the correlation and variation between plants of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence of the six medicinal plants of Euphorbia L. in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, in (order) to provide their DNA molecular marker to identify and explore the phylogenetic relationship of the plants of [WTBX]Euphorbia L. Methods To determine rDNA ITS sequence for the plants of Euphorbia L. by PCR technology. Results The sequences of ITS1 in the six species ranged from 255 to 262 bp in length and those of ITS2 from 214 to 236 bp. The dendrogram was obtained with Mega2 analysis. The analysis result was consistent with those from morphology. Conclusion The method can be used to identify the plants of [WTBX](Euphorbia) L. among different species and to differentiate their fakes.

The transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a non-invasive detection methods of evaluating intracranial artery.Since the 1980s,TCD has been extensively used in various fields of clinical work.Because of its simple operation,good repeatability,and the continuous bedside observation of patients,TCD is especially suitable for severe patients.Increased intracranial pressure is one of the important reasons for the deadly disease in children,it can make the cerebral blood flow perfusion decreased,causing serious consequences,such as brain dysfunction,so intracranial pressure monitoring has important clinical significance.TCD as a noninvasive monitoring tool,can monitor the patients with increased intracranial pressure dynamically,according to the blood flow velocity,the related parameters and the wave of cerebral hemodynamics,so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring intracranial pressure change.This article focused on the TCD application progress in several common children's diseases of increased intracranial pressure.

Objective To establish a double-antigen sandwich ELISA(S-ELISA) for detection of total antibodies against hepatitis C virus(HCV).Methods Recombinant HCV proteins fusion-expressed with His-tag and GST-tag were separately used as coating and HRP-labeling antigen of the S-ELISA.Serum samples were tested with both the S-ELISA and another commercial indirect ELISA(I-ELISA) kit(Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co.Ltd.).HCV RNA in some of the samples were tested by RT-nested PCR.Results Among 1 968 tested samples,190(9.7%) were total anti-HCV-positive while 1 761(89.5%) were negative by both of the S-ELISA and I-ELISA,with a resultant concordance rate of 99.1% of the two ELISA assays.However,the results of 17(0.9%) were not consistent in the two assays,in which 14 were S-ELISA negative but I-ELISA positive and 3 were S-ELISA positive but I-ELISA negative.One of the 14 samples(0.7%) with S-ELISA negative was detected as HCV RNA-positive,while 2 of the 3(66.7%) samples with S-ELISA positive were detected as HCV RNA-positive.In addition,HCV RNA was detectable in 23 of 31(74.19%) samples which were total anti-HCV positive in both S-ELISA and I-ELISA.Taking the PCR data together into account,the sensitivity of the S-ELISA and I-ELISA were 99.48% and 98.96% and specificity were 99.94% and 99.27%,respectively.Conclusions The established S-ELISA in this study may provide a novel means for detection of HCV antibody with high sensitivity and specificity.

AIM: To establish a method of analysing chemical components of the essential oil in Mulberry Leaves in Xinjiang. METHODS: The essential oil of Mulberry Leaves was extracted by ultrasound-steam distillation method.components were measured by GC-MS.About 80 peaks were separated totally.55 components of which were identified.The amount of the components from the essential oil was determined by normalization method.(RESULTS:) There were alkane(C_(10)～C_(40)),alkene,alcohols,unsaturated aldehydes,unsaturated ketones,carboxylic acid,ester,heterocyclic compound and aromatic hydrocarbon in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves.The main components were octadecane(9.11%),1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis(2-methyl)propyl ester(8.92%),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-o1(7.19%).there was a small amount of terpene in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable,stable and has a good repeatability.This method can be applied to the analysis of the essential oil components extracted from Chinese traditional medicine.

Objective:To find a short, neutralizing antibody-inducible, ORF2-encoded protein by means of comparing the immunogenicity of pN472-C617 and pN477-C613 which represent amino acids 472-617 and 477-613 of HEV ORF2-encoded protein of hepatitis E virus(HEV) genotype 4, respectively.Methods:The two recombinant proteins were expressed, purified, and then used to immunize BALB/c mice. Anti-HEV titers in the immune sera were detected by ELISA. Anti-HEV neutralizing activity was tested by a PCR-based in vitro neutralization assay.Results:Both of the two recombinant proteins were efficiently expressed in E.coli in soluble forms. The purified proteins induced mice to develop high levels of anti-HEV specific antibodies. However, only the immune sera obtained from the mice immunized with pN472-C617 showed the neutralizing activity to the homologous HEV strain by preventing the virus from absorption on PLC/PRF/5 cells surfaces and replication in the cells. The immune sera against pN477-C613, which was truncated five amino acids from both N- and C-terminal of pN472-C617, had no HEV neutralizing activity.Conclusion:The pN472-C617 is the shortest neutralizing antibody-inducible ORF2-encoded protein of HEV reported in literatures so far. It may be considered as a potential candidate for a novel HEV subunit vaccine in our future study.

In the process of teaching international students laboratory diagnostics,teaching mode has been actively explored. The management of teaching,the foundation of teaching team,the selection of teaching materials and reformation of teaching mode are the key points that affect the teaching quality directly.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Mongolia ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To study the effects of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on Parkinson's plus syndrome(PPS).Methods Fifteen in-patients with PPS were studied between 2005 and 2008.The patients received 1 Hz rTMS at an intensity 30%over the threshold.The rTMS was applied on the hand representive area of the bilateral first motor cortex,50 stimulations on each side,5 arrays,for 5 min,once daily for 15 d.Hamilton's depression scale(HAMD),Hamilton's anxiety scale(HAMA),the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS,which can be subdivided into UPDRS Ⅰ,UPDRS Ⅱ and UPDRS Ⅲ),an activities of daily living scale(ADL),the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and motor evoked potential(MEP)were assessed before and immediately after 15 d of rTMS treatment. Results Average HAMD,HAMA,UPDRS,UPDRS Ⅱ and UPDRS Ⅲ scores all decreased,and ADL scores increased significantly after treatment,while UPDRSⅠand MMSE scores were unchanged before and after treatment.No significant changes in resting motor threshold or central motor conduction time of the MEP were observed after rTMS treatment. Conclusion Clinical symptoms of PPS patients improved after rTMS treatment and side effects were few.Depression,anxiety,motor function and ability in the activities of daily living improved greatly.Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation is a potential treatment for PPS patients.There may be no correlation between the effective mechanism of rTMS and cortex excitation.

Objective To establish an anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) one-step assay based on seven glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion recombinant proteins derived from different HEV genotypes and subtypes. Methods Concentration of the coating antigen was optimized by block titration. The cut-off values were determined for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. Assay sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were investigated using samples with confirmed anti-HEV positive. Results An optimal concentration of mixture of recombinant proteins (Mix166) was 1.5 mg/L for antigen coating. Coefficient of variations (CV) of anti-HEV within-run and between-run were 8.67% and 10.85%, respectively. CV of anti-HEV IgM within-run and between-run were 4.56% and 5.99%, respectively. Positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were both 94% for 50 HEV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive sera tested with the one step assay. Using one-step assay to detect 674 serum samples from healthy people, 52 samples were found anti-HEV IgG positive and 3 samples were anti-HEV lgM positive. A series of serum specimens collected at different time points until 76 weeks from a chimpanzee challenged with HEV Mexican strain were anti-HEV IgM positive during week 1--6 and anti-HEV IgG positive during week 2--76 determined by the one step ELISA. However, import ELISA kits were lack of both the IgM and lgG reactivity to all of the serial chimpanzee sera. Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of anti-HEV ELISA one-step assay based on the Mix166 antigen are high and could be used for the diagnosis of HEV infection.

Objective To compare the efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway Classic (CLMA), Streamlined Liner of Pharyngeal Airway (SLIPA) and laryngeal mask airway ProSeal (PLMA) in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Methods One hundred and twenty-three ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-64 yr undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups: CLMA group (group C, n =41 ), SLIPA group (group S, n =42) and PLMA group (group P, n =40). Laryngeal mask was inserted after induction of anesthesia with sufentanil 0.3 μg/kg, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg. Mll the patients were ventilated with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained with contiunous infusion of propofol 6-8 mg· kg-1· h-1 and with supplementary administration of sufentsnil 0.1-0.2 μg/kg and atracurium 0.2 mg/kg as required. The degree of difficulty in inserting the laryngeal mask was evaluated. The rate of successful placement at first attempt, device placement time, recovery time and complications were recorded . Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and the number of patients with an airway sealing pressure less than PIP were recorded before pneumoperitoneum and when intra-abdominal pressure achieved 12 mm Hg. Results The placement was easier and the placement time and recovery time were significantly shorter in group S, and the placement time was significantly longer,the airway sealing pressure was significantly higher and the number of patients with an airway sealing pressure less than PIP was lower in group P than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05). The placement time and recovery time were significantly longer, the placement was harder, the airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, and the number of patients with an airway sealing pressure less than PIP was lower in group P than in group S ( P ＜ 0.05). PIP was significantiy higher when intra-abdominal pressure achieved 12 mm Hg than that before pneumoperitoneum in all the three groups ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications and rate of successful placement at first attempt among the three groups ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion All the three airway devices can provide adequate ventilation during operation, with fewer complications. SLIPA placement is easiest. PLMA can assure good airway sealing and is most suitable for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.