Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Humans ; Reward

Objective:To prepare compound isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules and study the drug release. Meth-ods:Isosorbide mononitrate pellets were prepared by the fluidized bed coating technology. The influencing factors in the preparation process were examined and the major factors were optimized by single factor experiments. The drug release was determined by HPLC. The best formula was screened by optimizing aspirin coating solution. Results:The compound isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules were prepared by the best formula. Both the two drugs could achieve promising release, and in vitro release behavior of isosor-bide mononitrate was fitted Higuchi equation,which was similar to that of the imported preparations. The release of aspirin in acidic and alkaline media was in coincidence with the release requirements. Conclusion:The formula is reasonable and the preparation process is stable with promising sustained release property.

Objective Mapping the sites of earliest activation in AF patients with rheumatic heart disease. Finding out the ratio of AF originate from the pulmonary veins. Methods There were 9 patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (1 male, 8 females age (42?13) years, histories of rheumatic heart disease (11?9) years, and mitral valve area 1.01?0.02 cm2) involved in the research. 3 patients had organized thrombus in left atrial appendage. 6 patients with persistent AF received anticoagulation therapy (warfarin 2 or 3 weeks) and drug cardioversion (amiodarone 400 mg, three times per day, for 7 days) before procedures, while other 3 patients with paroxysmal AF received neither anticoagulation therapy nor drug cardioversion. All patients received percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV). After finished PBMV, four multipolar electrode catheters were placed in the high right atrium (HRA), coronary sinus (CS), left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs). S1S2 and S1S2S3 programmed stimuli were delivered in HRA, CS, LA and PVs respectively. For the patients who failed to induce AF, burst stimuli were used. Results 11 AF generating sites, which induced by S1S2 and S1S2S3 programmed stimuli, could be confirmed by identification of the earliest regions of atrial activation for the first AF cycle. However, 1 AF obtained by 260 ms RR interval burst stimuli, affirmed by shortest activation cycle length. All confirmed 12 AF original sites were original as following: RA (n=4), LA (n=1), CS (n=2); PVs (n=5). Among the 5 PVs original sites, 3 was from left superior pulmonary vein, while the other 2 were from right superior pulmonary vein and left inferior pulmonary respectively. Conclusion PVs could be the ectopic origin of valvular AF.

0 05) 3 hours after myocardial infarction,and remarkably decreased (P

Objective To inquire into the effects of cardiac ? 1 -adrenergic receptor on myocardial remodeling and modulating calcium channel. Methods The models of myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction in Wistar rats were used to study the expression changes of cardiac collagen subtype Ⅰ,Ⅲ,fibronectin (FN) with immunohistochemistry,and changes of T-type calcium channel,L-type calcium channel and ? 1 -adrenergic receptor mRNA expressions by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Cardiac total Ca 2+ was tested by atomic absorption/flame emission spectrophotometer. Results Cardiac collagenⅠ,collagen Ⅲ,FN protein expressions in betaloc group were remarkably decreased (P

Objective To inquire into the correlation of cardiac AT 1 receptor,? 1 receptor with PKC/MAPKs(protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal transduction pathway during myocardial remodeling.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups-sham group,infarcted group,losartan group and betaloc group.Except sham group,left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 21 days.In the other three groups,expression changes of cardiac collagen subtype Ⅰ,Ⅲ,fibronectin(FN),c-fos,ERK 1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)and PKC proteins were studied with immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis. c-fos mRNA expression was tested by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Expressions of collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ , FN,c-fos,ERK 1 and PKC proteins were significantly enhanced(P

5,6 or 7 respectively,the specificity became gradually higher.But the sensitivity and the diagnoses according rate became lower.Conclusion Holter is a simple shortcut useful tool as a non-invasive means of assessing and filtrating OSAS.

Objective To inquire into T-type calcium channel effects on RyR and IP 3R of sarcoplasmic reticulum in atrial myocytes during atrial fibrillation.Methods Ten dogs underwent continuous rapid atrial pacing (500 beats/min) to create persistent atrial fibrillation.In five rapidly-paced dogs,mibefradil dihydrochloride was given beginning 2 days after pacemaker implantation,continuing until the twenty-fourth week.A group of size-matched dogs (n=5) without given mibefradil was used as a pure atrial fibrillation group.Another group of size-matched dogs (n=5) without pacemaker implantation was used as a control group.Canine atrial myocytes isolated by enzymatic dissociation were used to study T-type Ca 2+ channel blocker effects on expression and function changes of RyR and IP 3R in atrial myocytes by confocal microscopy.Results RyR/IP 3R ratio (0.2965?0.01812) was markedly lower than that of control group (2.7043?0.2293),but there was no difference compared with that of atrial fibrillation group (0.2472?0.1355).Ca 2+transient of atrial myocytes was nremarkably changed (1.3031?0.1056)(P

Objective To study the incidence of and identity risk factors for hemorrhage and thromboembolism during long-term warfarin therapy.Methods All patients were studied in the People's Hospital of Peking University Anticoagulant Clinic from 2001-04 to 2003-11,in whom a course of warfarin therapy intended to last for more than 4 weeks.All bleeding and thromboembolism events were classified as minor or serious or fatal and life-threatening.Incidences of adverse events were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the investigation,the median age of the study group was 67 years(ranged 25 to 83).There were 41 bleeding events occurring in 34 patients,and 5 events of thromboembolism.Age and hepatocirrhosis were significantly associated with bleeding complications(P=0.040 and P=0.014).Conclusion Hemorrhage is the major side effect of warfarin;age and hepatocirrhosis are significantly associated with bleeding complications.

Objective To determine whether the ?_2-adrenoceptor genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with atrial fibrillation.Methods A case-control study was performed on 218 subjects,including 58 subjects with lone atrial fibrillation,50 subjects with atrial fibrillation and essential hypertension,50 subjects with essential hypertension and 60 healthy controls.The ?_2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms at amino acids 16 and 27 were identified by allele specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The Gly/Gly genotype as well as the Gly16 allele at amino acids 16 was significantly more common in the atrial fibrillation group than in the non-atrial fibrillation group.But there was no significant differenece in the allele frequency or the genotype frequency of the Gln27 Glu polymorphism between the two groups.In addition,the difference in the distribution of polymorphisms at amino acids 16 and 27 between the four different observed groups was not significant either.Conclusion Gly16 polymorphism of the ?_2-adrenoceptor overrepresenting in the atrial fibrillation group seems to be associated with atrial fibrillation.