AIM: To study the chemical components and contents of the volatile oil from the Rubia tinctorum L.. METHODS: The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation-extract method,the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from the herb were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). RESULTS: Thirty compounds were identified,which accounted for over 86.32% of the volatile oil. CONCLUSION: The major components were theaspirane(17.37%),2-furaldehyde(11.10%),benzeneacetaldehyde(6.01%),eugenol(5.47%),ionone(3.87%),and so on.

AIM:To study the HPLC fingerprints and to establish a sensitive and specific method for controlling the quality of Herba Ephedrae. METHODS: HPLC method was set up,using CLCphenyl column(5 ?m 4.6 mm?150 mm) with gradient elution,the mobile phase was comprised of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid(0.1%),the UV detection wavelength was at 215 nm,with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprints of Herba Ephedrae based on 10 habitats.Sum of peak areas was larger than 90% total area.The similarity was compared and the HPLC fingerprints was set up. CONCLUSION: The quality of Herba Ephedrae can be controlled effectively by HPLC fingerprints.

Objective:To explore the effect of humane nursing for bladder cancer patients complicated with cor-onary artery disease and analyze the ethical significance. Methods:Seventy-eight patients of bladder cancer com-plicated with coronary artery disease were recruited and divided into control group ( n=39 ) and observation group (n=39). Subjects of the observation group accepted routine care and humane care, while those in the control group only accepted routine care. Before and after the intervention, level of hope, anxiety and depression, quality of life were assessed. Results:After the intervention, the subjects′hope level in the observation group was signifi-cantly higher (P<0. 05) than before, and significantly higher than the control group (P <0. 05). Both in the control group and observation group, SAS and SDS scores significantly decreased (P<0. 05) than before, and the observation group compared with the control group were significantly improved ( P<0 . 05 ) . It suggested that symp-toms, psychological and emotional state, physical function, and other items of daily life scores were improved sig-nificantly after the implementation of humane nursing ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion: Humane care mode can signifi-cantly increase the hope level of bladder cancer patients complicated with coronary heart disease, and is conducive to improving bad emotion and quality of life, which embodies the new nursing spirit, consists with the requirements of nursing ethics, and has a certain value to nursing ethics.

In recent years,with the continuous development of medical technology and progress,knowledge regaming respiratory disease become deepening,especially in lower respiratory tract infection bacterial resistance,application of macrocyclic ester antibiotics,severe and refractory mycoplasma pneumonia,refractory asthma,interstitial lung diseases,pediatric interventional bronchoscopy,and stem cell therapy which all have made great progress.In this review,the related hotspot,difficulty and research progress are summarized.

AIM: To develop a new identification of crude drug Herba Ephedrae. METHODS: Using the method of X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint patterns for the analysis and calculation of 12 habitats of Herba Ephedrae. RESULTS: The standard X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint pattern of Herba Ephedrae was obtained with 26 peaks. CONCLUSION: The identification and quality control of Herba Ephedrae can be accomplished with X-ray diffraction fourier fingerprint patterns analysis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

AIM: To establish a method of analysing chemical components of the essential oil in Mulberry Leaves in Xinjiang. METHODS: The essential oil of Mulberry Leaves was extracted by ultrasound-steam distillation method.components were measured by GC-MS.About 80 peaks were separated totally.55 components of which were identified.The amount of the components from the essential oil was determined by normalization method.(RESULTS:) There were alkane(C_(10)～C_(40)),alkene,alcohols,unsaturated aldehydes,unsaturated ketones,carboxylic acid,ester,heterocyclic compound and aromatic hydrocarbon in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves.The main components were octadecane(9.11%),1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis(2-methyl)propyl ester(8.92%),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-o1(7.19%).there was a small amount of terpene in essential oil in Mulberry Leaves. CONCLUSION: The method is reliable,stable and has a good repeatability.This method can be applied to the analysis of the essential oil components extracted from Chinese traditional medicine.

Objective To analyse the clinic characteristics of adenovirus pneumonia in children and have a good understanding of the clinical features of adenovirus pneumonia in children .Methods The clinical data of 99 cases with adenovirus pneumonia during January 2011 to June 2013 were reviewed .Clinical manifestation ,auxiliary examination and treatment were analyzed .Results All 99 patients had fever ,heat process was long and were prone to complications ,including :35 cases of respiratory failure ,27 cases of pleu-ral effusion ,11 cases of atelectasis and 52 cases of myocardial damage .Adenovirus pneumonia was easily combined with other path-ogenic infections .Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterial pathogens and respiratory viruses were the most com-mon virus .The radiographic features of chest of adenovirus pneumonia were in both lungs exudative ,and really variable .Adenovirus pneumonia in bronchoscopy showed bronchial inflammation .Treatment of adenovirus pneumonia was the comprehensive treatment . Conclusion The condition of adenovirus pneumonia is serious and the number of complications is large .Adenovirus pneumonia could easily cause secondary bacterial infection .There is no specific treatment for adenovirus pneumonia .Clinicians should pay more attention .

Objective To establish an anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) one-step assay based on seven glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion recombinant proteins derived from different HEV genotypes and subtypes. Methods Concentration of the coating antigen was optimized by block titration. The cut-off values were determined for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. Assay sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were investigated using samples with confirmed anti-HEV positive. Results An optimal concentration of mixture of recombinant proteins (Mix166) was 1.5 mg/L for antigen coating. Coefficient of variations (CV) of anti-HEV within-run and between-run were 8.67% and 10.85%, respectively. CV of anti-HEV IgM within-run and between-run were 4.56% and 5.99%, respectively. Positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were both 94% for 50 HEV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive sera tested with the one step assay. Using one-step assay to detect 674 serum samples from healthy people, 52 samples were found anti-HEV IgG positive and 3 samples were anti-HEV lgM positive. A series of serum specimens collected at different time points until 76 weeks from a chimpanzee challenged with HEV Mexican strain were anti-HEV IgM positive during week 1--6 and anti-HEV IgG positive during week 2--76 determined by the one step ELISA. However, import ELISA kits were lack of both the IgM and lgG reactivity to all of the serial chimpanzee sera. Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of anti-HEV ELISA one-step assay based on the Mix166 antigen are high and could be used for the diagnosis of HEV infection.

AIM: To explore method of stimulating murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and to study their biological character. METHODS: Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were cultivated with cytokine GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, BMDC was stimulated by control, LPS, TGF-β1, LPS +TGF-β1 for 48 hours respectively. Morphological characters of BMDC were observed by a inversed microscope, surface molecules such as CD_(11C), CD_(80), CD_(86)and MHC Ⅱ were detected by flowcytometry, Interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 p70 in co-culture medium was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: In LPS group it presented the most typical DC morphology with the highest expression of CD_(80), CD_(86) and MHC Ⅱ, the strongest ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, higher level of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control, TGF-β1, LPS + TGF-β1 ( P < 0. 05). While in TGF-β1 group it presented the less typical DC morphology with the lower expression of CD_(80), CD_(86), MHC Ⅱ, weaker ability in mixed lymphocyte reaction, and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-12 p70 compared with control and LPS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS can stimulate maturation of BMDC in its late differentiation which makes it presents a more significant biological characteristics. TGF-β1 can inhibit maturation but not differentiation of BMDC thereby can prevent its biological characteristic presentation.