Oral drug-loaded nano-system include nano-gel drug delivery system, nano-suspension drug delivery system, nano-particle drug delivery system, liposomes drug delivery system, nano-micelles drug delivery system, alcohol liposoms,nano-framework drug delivery system, nano-emulsions drug delivery system, nano-self assembly drug delivery system.These nano-drug delivery systems can serve as multi-functional drug carriers.They may significantly improve the physicochemical and stabilization and biological properties of the free drug, enhance the therapeutic efficiency and reduce toxic side effects.This paper reviews the recent research progress in oral drug-loaded nano-systems.

Objective To study on whitening and anti -aging effect of ginseng saponin and its safety.Methods Whitening effect:using vitamin C as the control drug, the inhibition rate of tyrosinase was determined.Anti senescence effect: the aging model of D-was established, and the DPPH was applied to the skin of the rat's neck, and the drug was prepared by 2 times a day.Skin safety evaluation: the skin changes of the skin of the ginseng saponins were observed after the skin was given ginseng saponin and control drugs.Results When the concentration of ginsenoside was 7 mg/mL, the inhibition rate order was, the water solution of vitamin C >ginsenoside nano >ginsenoside aqueous solution ; In the aging model, the surface of the elastic fibers and the skin surface was parallel to the skin, but the elastic fibers were arranged in a more tortuous and non parallel to the skin;DPPH free radical scavenging effect order was, Vitamin C aqueous solution>ginsenoside nano>ginsenoside aqueous solution, and with the dosage of ginsenoside increasing, the efficiency of ginsenoside DPPH scavenging free radical increased significantly;Skin safety evaluation results showed that ginseng saponin nanometer milk smeared skin, no redness, irritation and other phenomena occured.Conclusion Ginseng saponin nanometer milk has obvious whitening effect, and can not cause damage to the skin, is safe and reliable.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.012

Objective:To establish an early warning model for acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to evaluate its diagnostic value.Methods:Acute pancreatitis patients treated in the Emergency Department of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected as the research subjects. At 14 days after the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, the patients were divided into the ARDS group and the control group according to whether ARDS occurred. The general characteristics, laboratory examination results, imaging features, and clinical scores of the two groups of patients were compared. One-way analysis was performed first, and the indicators with statistical and clinical significance were then analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis. Finally, a risk prediction model was established, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The diagnostic value of the model was compared with the Ranson score and BISAP score.Results:A total of 442 patients were selected for this study, including 72 patients in the ARDS group and 370 patients in the control group. Compared to the control group, the ARDS group had a higher proportion of early fever and a lower oxygenation index. Inflammatory indicators γ- GGT, blood amylase, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose levels in the ARDS group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while blood calcium, plasma albumin, and carbon dioxide binding capacity levels were significantly lower than those in the control group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on the statistically significant and clinically significant indicators mentioned above. The increased neutrophil count ( OR=2.838, 95% CI: 1.339-6.018, P=0.007), increased procalcitonin level ( OR=1.198, 95% CI: 1.025-1.399, P=0.023), increased blood urea nitrogen level ( OR=1.665, 95% CI: 1.463-1.955, P=0.027) and the decreased oxygenation index ( OR=0.603, 95% CI: 0.384-0.949, P=0.029) were associated with acute pancreatitis complicated with ARDS. According to the above factors, an early warning model for acute pancreatitis patients complicated with ARDS was established: logistic ARDS/A P=35.131+1.043NEUT+0.408BUN-0.505OI+0.18PCT. The diagnostic sensitivity of this early warning model was 84.72% (61/72), the specificity was 85.68% (317/370), the positive predictive value was 53.51% (61/114), the negative predictive value was 96.64% (317/328), the diagnostic accuracy was 85.52% (378/442), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.894 (95% CI: 0.851-0.938). The predictive ability of this early warning model in acute pancreatitis complicated with ARDS was superior to the Ranson score, BISAP score, APACHE Ⅱ score and CTSI score (AUC: 0.894 vs. 0.823 vs.0.756 vs. 0.818 vs.0.723). Conclusions:The prediction model based on neutrophil count, blood urea nitrogen, early oxygenation index and procalcitonin has the value of early prediction of acute pancreatitis complicated with ARDS, and is superior to other scoring systems, which can better guide treatment and improve prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of invasive klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKPLAS), and compare it with common pyogenic liver abscess (CPLA). Methods:The social demography and clinical data of inpatients with pyogenic liver abscess from January 2011 to December 2021 in the Peking University People's Hospital were collected. Based on the presence or absence of invasive infections and the results of bacterial etiology, IKPLAS was diagnosed and compared with CPLA. The general information, symptoms, past medical history, auxiliary examinations and prognosis indicators of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:Total of 172 patients with pyogenic liver abscess were collected, including 25 cases of IKPLAS. Compared with CPLA group, the proportion of fever in IKPLAS group was lower, the proportion of diabetes history was higher, the proportion of monocytes was lower, and procalcitonin and urea nitrogen were higher(all P<0.05), the proportion of multiple abscesses is higher, and the positive rate of blood culture and the cultivation of klebsiella pneumoniae are both higher (all P<0.05).A total of 9 cases (5.2%) of patients developed septic shock, of which 2 cases (1.2%) died. The IKPLAS group had a higher proportion of ICU admissions ( P<0.05),but but the difference of mortality between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The most common sites of invasion infection in the IKPLAS group are the lungs(22/25), brain(9/25), and eyes(9/25). Conclusions:There are differences in clinical characteristics between IKPLAS and CPLA, the most common sites of invasion infection are the lungs, brain, and eyes, but there is no difference in mortality in this study. For PLA with pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the presence of invasive lesions and provide targeted local treatment to better improve prognosis.

Objective:To establish an early prediction model based on triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and procalcitonin (PCT) for patients of acute pancreatitis (AP) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and evaluate the diagnostic value of prediction model.Methods:This study was a single center prospective study. AP patients were recruited from the Emergency Department at Peking University People’s Hospital from January to December 2022. The observation endpoint was 14 days after the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, patients were divided into AKI and control (no AKI) groups according to the observation endpoint. The general characteristics, clinical laboratory examinations, complications, and clinical scores were compared. The risk for AKI development was determined using logistic analyses to establish a risk prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the model were calculated, and the diagnostic value of the model was compared with that of Ranson score, APACHEⅡ score and BISAP score.Results:A total of 258 patients were selected for this study, including 79 in the AKI group and 179 in the control group. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the AKI group had a higher proportion of males, older age, and had a higher proportion of hypertension. The ratio of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, PCT, and TyG were significantly increased. The Ranson score, APACHE Ⅱ score, and BISAP score were higher, and more patients had ARDS and serous fluid accumulation in the later period. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age ( OR=1.071, 95% CI: 1.020-1.125, P=0.006), increased TyG index ( OR=2.632, 95% CI: 1.423-4.866, P=0.002), and elevated PCT ( OR=1.275, 95% CI: 1.067-1.524, P=0.008) were risk factors for AKI in AP patients. According to the risk factors, forecast the AP patients complicated with AKI risk assessment model is established: Logistic (AKI/AP) = -16.697+0.069×age+ 0.968×TyG+0.243×PCT. The sensitivity and specificity of the model for predicting AKI in AP were 79.75% and 96.65%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.790-0.922). The predictive ability was better than that of Ranson score, BISAP score and APACHE Ⅱ score (AUC: 0.856 vs. 0.691 vs. 0.745 vs. 0.705, P=0.041). Conclusion:The prediction model based on age, TyG and PCT was valuable for the prediction of AP concurrent AKI in early stage.