BACKGROUND: Vasorelaxation plays an important role In the occurrence of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxlcity.OBJECTIVE: To observe the alleviative effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on CsA-induced inhibition of vasorelaxation and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into four groups: CsA, control, CsA + GTP, and GTP. After 5 weeks of drug treatment, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels were determined. Then the thoracic aorta rings were mounted on a bath system, and acetylcholine was used to induce vasorelaxation. The effects of L-NAME and indomethacin and the denuded vasorelaxation were evaluated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The BUN and Cre levels in the CsA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The maximal response (Emax%) for acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in the CsA group was significantly lower than that in the control and GTP groups. After pretreatment with L-NAME, vasorelaxation was significantly lower in the CsA,CsA+GTP and GTP groups than in the control group. After pretreatment with indomethacin, vasorelaxation was significantly higher in the control, CsA +GTP, and GTP groups than in the CsA group. The level of nitric oxide metabolites in the vascular tissue in the CsA group was significantly lower compared with other groups. The results demonstrated that CsA can decrease nitric oxide levels in vascular tissues and induce abnormal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, which is mediated by nitric oxide pathway.

Objective To evaluate the adjunctive therapeutic effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in the pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation.Methods In 14 cases of pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation, 8 and 6 cases were subjected to high dose (7 to 10 days, group A) or low dose (3 to 7 days, group B) of IVIG therapy besides the standard specific anti-pathogen therapy. In 12 cases of pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation, only standard specific anti-pathogen therapy was given (group C). The incidence and mortality of severe pulmonary infection, levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgM and T lymphocyte subsets among the three groups were observed.Results The incidence of severe pulmonary infection was 0, 66.7 % and 66.7 % respectively in groups A, B and C with the mortality being 0, 16.7 % and 25.0 % respectively. The level of serum IgG was significantly increased in group A after treatment as compared with that before treatment and in group B ( P 0.05 ).Conclusion As an adjunctive therapy, high dose of IVIG at early stage of pulmonary infection can reduce the incidence of severe pulmonary infection and mortality after kidney transplantation.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis epidemic and control history in Jingxi City,so as to provide the ev-idence for improving the future work. Methods The data of schistosomiasis prevention and control work were collected and ana-lyzed comprehensively in Jingxi City from 1956-2015. Results From 1956,the schistosomiasis prevention and control work car-ried out,and in 1985,Jingxi City reached the standard of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted and no local schistosome in-fected residents and livestock were found for 36 years. In May 2016,the city reached the national standard of Schistosomiasis Elimination Assessment Review. The cumulative number of schistosomiasis detection of residents was 348801 person-times, and 10434 schistosomiasis patients were found. The cumulative number of schistosomiasis detection of cattle was 20674 head-times,and 590 schistosome infected cattle were found. The cumulative schistosomiasis treatment number of residents was 18739 per-son-times,and 512 cattle were treated. The cumulative detection area with Oncomelania hupensis was 65213.25 hm2 ,and 353.80 hm2 area with O. hupensis snails was found. Conclusions Jingxi City has reached the standard of schistosomiasis elimi-nation,but there is still recurrence of O. hupensis snails,and the imported infection source exists. Therefore,we should strength-en the monitoring of floating population.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of percutaneous antegrade stenting in the treatment of ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 11patients with renal graft ureteral obstruction (2 cases of acute obstruction and 9 cases of chronic obstruction) from March 2009 to March 2011.The etiology of the obstruction was renal graft-ureter-bladder anastomotic stricture in 5 cases,stone obstruction in 2 cases,and undetermined in 4 cases.Renal graft and collecting system were examined by ultrasonography preoperatively to select suitable puncture position,and then ureteropyelography was performed under X-ray guidance.When the obstruction location was clear,the urology guidewire was implanted to the bladder by needle,and then guidewire was released by cystoscopy.Ureteral stent was implanted along the guidewire,and upper ureteral stents was observed under X-ray. After removal of guidewire,the stent location was confirmed once again.The renal pelvis fistula drainage lasted for 1-2 weeks,and ureteral stent to 6 months to one year.Ultrasound and renal function were tested after 1week,1month,3 months and 6 months,and then every six months.ResultsOperation was done successfully in 10 patients,and failed in one case due to a long segment of ureteral stenosis.The operating time of ureteral stent implantation was 54±27 min.Serum creatinine of patients was reduced from preoperative 326±147 to postoperative 89±49 μmol/L.During a follow-up period of 6 to 27 months,no complications occurred.ConclusionPercutaneous antegrade stenting in the treatment of ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation is safe and effective.

Objective To analyze diagnostic value of renal biopsy in living-related kidney transplantation and the influence of kidneys from marginal donors on the early prognosis of recipients. Methods According to donors age and risks of donors, 142 living-related kidney transplant recipients from February 2004 to July 2008 were divided into marginal donor group (51 cases) and non-marginal donor group (91 cases). Renal biopsy was performed on 49 kidneys Postsurgical serum creatinine (Scr), the lowest Scr and post-transplant complications were analyzed between the two groups. Results Pathological changes were detected in 13 cases. The Scr at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months post-transplant and the lowest level of Scr in marginal donor group were higher than those in non-marginal donor group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences of Scr levels at 12 months, 24 months, 36 months post-transplant, the time required to return to the lowest Scr, and post-transplant complications between two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions The early clinical efficacy of the marginal donor is ideal, but the baseline of Scr of recipients is higher than that of recipients with kidneys from non-marginal donors. Renal biopsy has an important diagnostic and therapeutic value for both donors and recipients.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients,and discuss its diagnosis and management. Methods From Jan.1991 to Apr.2007,37 cases of post-operational tuberculosis were identified out of the 2333 renal transplantations done in our center.Among them there were 19 cases with extra-pulmonary foci(51%),which involved allograft kidney in 5 cases,meninges in 4 cases,pleura in 4 cases,lymph node in 3 cases,soft issue in 2 cases,larynx,liver,vertebra and intestine in 1 case each.In 3 cases,there were 2 extrapulmonary sites involved at the same time.Most of the cases happened within one year post-transplant (53%).The most common clinical manifestation was fever. Results After anti-tuberculosis therapy,14 cases were cured and 5 were irresponsible and died.Eight cases (42%) experienced acute rejection and 4 cases(21%)had abnormal liver function during the treatment. Conclusions Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis had a high incidence and high mortality in post-renal-transplant population.Therefore,attention should be given to its differential diagnosis in clinical practice.Balancing anti-tuberculosis and anti-rejection therapy is important for this specific population.

Objective To analyze the influence of donating kidney of marginal donors on the early prognosis of living-related kidney transplant recipients.Methods Sixty-six cases of living-re-lated kidney transplant patients between February 2004 and September 2007 were divided into the marginal donors group(28 cases)and non-marginal donors group(38 cases).Serum creatinine before and after surgery,creatinine clearance after surgery and perioperation complications were compared respectivelv between the 2 groups.Results The serum creatinine levels in the marginal donors group and non-marginal donors group were 154,131,127μmol/L and 132,117,118 ttmol/L on 7th day,1st month and 3rd month after transplantation respectively,and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The serum creatinine level in parent-child donating kidney of the 2 groups Was 160,131,126μmol/L and 132,129,126μtmol/L on 7th day,1st month and 3rd month after transplantation respectively,and there were no significant differences too(P＞0.05).There was no difference in the rate of perioperation complications and creatinine clearance after kidney transplantation between the 2 groups.Conclusions The early prognosis of marginal donors'recipients is ideal.The marginal donors could be selected as the living-related kidney transplant donors,especially between parent and child,as long as they are evaluated according to stricter criteria.But the long-term prognosis of the recipients should be further observed.

Objectives To investigate the influence of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation on the recipients and the associated risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection .Methods Data of 892 kidney transplantation recipients from January 2000 to December 2004 in our department were analyzed retrospectively . All the recipients were divided into case group (with cytomegalovirus infection) and control group (without cytomegalovirus infection) . Log-Rank test was used to compare the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival of patients and grafts between two groups . The incidence of complications, the difference of regiment of immunosuppressant and anti-CMV drugs were compared as well . The independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection were assessed by Logistic regression analysis . Results One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of patients in case group were 81 .3%, 72 .8% and 54 .8% respectively, while the patients in control group were 96 .4%,91 .4% and 79 .9% respectively, the prior was significantly lower than the latter (Log-Rank value=49 .62, P＜0 .01) . One-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of grafts in case group were 71 .0%, 66 .2% and 46 .1%, while the grafts in control group were 91 .5%, 86 .6% and 74 .5% respectively, the prior was significantly lower than the latter as well (Log-Rank value=44 .87, P＜0 .01) . The incidence of acute rejection in case group was 24 .9%, while it was 13 .9% in control group, with significant difference between two groups (x2=14 .49, P＜0 .01 ) . Logistic regression showed that acute rejection,mycophenolate mofetil dose more than 2 g, and usage of ATG/ALG or OKT3 were the independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection (OR=1 .464, 3 .097 and 2 .837, P＜0 .05 ) . Ganciclovir was the protective factor of cytomegalovirus infection (OR =0 .234, P ＜0 .01) . Conclusions Cytomegalovirus infection decreases the long-term survival of recipients and grafts in kidney transplantation . Acute rejection, high dose of mycophenolate mofetil, and ATG/ALG or OKT3 are the independent risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection . Prophylactic usage of ganciclovir after kidney transplantation can effectively reduce cytomegalovirus infection .

6.2 mmol/L) who underwent renal transplantation accepted pravastatin therapy 10 mg once evening for 8 weeks. Total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),triglyceride(TG),endothelin(ET) and nitrous oxide(NO) were measured before and after pravastatin therapy. The endothelium-dependent relaxing function was measured before and post pravastatin therapy by high-resolution ultrasound. Thirty people with normal blood cholesterol accepted same examination as control. Results The level of ET in renal transplantation group was significantly higher than that of control group,and the level of NO in renal transplantation group was significantly lower than that of control group. After 8 week′s therapy,the level of NO rose significantly,and the level of ET,TC,LDL-C,TG decreased significantly. The level of HDL-C increased but there was no significant difference between two groups. Flow-mediated vasodilations were improved after pravastatin therapy,while the level in transplantation group was lower than that of control group. Conclusion Pravastatin is effective in treatment of dyslipidemia after renal transplantation,which can improve the endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Objectiv e To investigate the correlation between ( CAG) n repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor(AR)geneandmalebreastcancer.Methods 40casesofmalebreastcancerand40controlswerecol-lected.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the AR gene CAG coding exon sequences for PCR amplifica -tion,sequencing and calculated the number of CAG repeats frquency .χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used assess the AR gene CAG repeat length frequency affect the number of male breast cancer risk .Results There was statistically significant difference in male breast cancer cases and controls the number of CAG repeat length frequency.Man for whom the(CAG)n≥22 repeat sequence had 3.52 times risk of male breast compared (CAG)n≤22(OR=3.52,P=0.036).Conclusion AR gene CAG repeat length is a predictor of the frequency of male breast cancer risk .Longer CAG repeats can increase the risk of male breast cancer .