This article reviews the recent achievements in parasitology including new diagnostic techniques,molecular mechanism of parasitic pathogenesis,drug resistance,antigenic variation,parasite genomics and proteomics. The perspective development in the area is also discussed.

Objective To search the surgical methods of esophageal carcinoma complicated with cicatricial pyloric obstruction .Methods 18 cases were treated with resection. Among the resections,16 cases underwent resection of esophageal carcinoma esophago-gastrostomy above aortic arch in chest plus gastro-jejunum anastomosis ;2 cases treatment with resection of esophageal carcinoma plus esophago-gastretomy above aortic arch in chest combined with pyloroplasty.Results Of 18 cases ,cure rate was 100%.No severe complications were occurred in the procedure. Conclusion Surgical operation is safe , applicable and effective in treatment of esophageal carcinoma complicated with cicatricial pyloric obstruction.

Objective:To explore the relationship between arrival time and the retention in emergency room and the prognosis in patients with severe trauma.Methods:The clinical data of 1 738 emergency trauma patients in emergency intensive care from trauma center information system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were extracted. The emergency retention was the time in the emergency room ≥ 4 h. The 24 h of the day was divided into three shifts at 8:00, 15:00 and 22:00. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the crude OR and adjusted OR after adjustment by age, sex and RTS of emergency shifts, and COX regression analysis was performed with emergency death as the endpoint. Results:Among the total of 1 738 patients with severe trauma, there were 852 (49.02%) cases of emergency retention. Taking the morning shift as the reference baseline, the risks of emergency retention in middle shift and night shift were increased gradually. The OR value of night shift was statistically significant ( P<0.01), and the crude OR and adjusted OR were 2.21 (95% CI: 1.71-2.86) and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.76-3.18), respectively. The univariate COX regression model indicated that the crude HR of night shift was statistically significant ( HR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.90, P=0.033). However, the multivariate COX regression model showed no statistically significant differences in the adjusted HR of middle shift ( HR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.43-2.14, P=0.914) and night shift ( HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.08-1.85, P=0.238), respectively. Conclusions:The arrival time of emergency trauma patients might be a contributor to the emergency retention, and night shift patients are more likely to encounter retention, but there is no significant effect on patient death.

Aim To investigate the effects of endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H_2S)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts.Methods Human fetal lung fibroblasts were cultured under 2% O2～93% N_2～5% CO_2 for 24 h to produce hypoxia.Cells were divided into 6 groups:(1)Hypoxia group(N_2);(2)N_2+600 μmol·L~(-1) NaHS group;(3)N_2+1 200 μmol·L~(-1) NaHS group;(4)N_2+6 400 μmol·L~(-1) NaHS group;(5)N_2+400 μmol·L~(-1) cysteine(Cys)group;(6)N_2+200 μmol·L~(-1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM)group.After they were cultured for 24 h, MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.Results Compared with N_2 group, 600 and 1 200 μmol·L ~(-1) NaHS(H_2S donor)significantly reduced proliferation induced by hypoxia of human fetal lung fibroblasts(P <0.01)without effects on apoptotic rates of cells(P >0.05)and 6 400 μmol·L~(-1) NaHS increased apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts during hypoxia significantly(P <0.05), although no effects were found on proliferation of cells(P >0.05).In addition, Cys, substrate of cystathionine β-synthetase(H2S synthase, CBS) or SAM(activator of CBS)did not affect proliferation of human fetal lung fibroblasts induced by hypoxia(P >0.05), whereas apoptotic rates were increased significantly compared with that of N_2 group(P <0.05).Conclusions Endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide can inhibit proliferation induced by hypoxia and promote apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts, suggesting endogenous hydrogen sulfide may play a protective role through lung fibroblasts by inhibiting the pulmonary vascular structural remodeling caused by hypoxia.

Activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway is an adaptive response to environmental and endogenous stresses and serves to render animals resistant to chemical carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity. However, overexpression of Nrf2 has been recognized to promote oncogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. The application of Nrf2 in tumor chemoprevention and treatment has also become a hot topic. This review focuses on the dual roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis and the application of Nrf2 in tumor chemoprevention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of adhesion mediated by bone nlalTow stroma celh from leukemia patient on chemotherapeutics sensitivity and cell cycle of Jurkat cells in the co-cultured model.Methods Bone mw stroma cells were isohted and cultured from leukemia patients routinely.To construct the co-cultured model.Jurkat cells were co-cultured with BMSCs the irradiated layer by 60Co,and the model was observed with scanning electron microscope.The IC50 values of Jurkat cells expesured to DNR were quantified by MTT.The cell cycles of Jurkat cells after 24h-adhesion in the co-cultured model were analyzed by Facs.The expression of cyclin A,cyclin E and p27 in Jurkat cells adhered to BMSCs for 4h.24h and 48h were detected by Western blot.Results Jurkat ceUs in the co-cultured model showed a decreased sensitivity to DNR.ICSO values for normal BMSCs,leukemic BMSCs and non-adhered control were of 1.78Ixmol/L,2.30pznol/L and 0.45p,mol/L,respectively.The percentages of Go-Gl phase for leukemic BMSCs group and non-adhered control group were of 48.74％±8.77％and 27.83％壬1.86％.Respectively.The percentages of Gz-M phase for leukemic BMSCs group and non-adhered control group were of2.01％±1.17％and 20.33％±1.84％。Respectively.Compared with eomrol group,the 24h-ad- hesion mediated by BMSCs from leukemia patients up-regulated the percentage of Go-G1 phase of Jurkat cells(P

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of upper limb trauma fracture complicated with deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) during preoperative period. Methods The data of 16 patients with upper limb trauma fractures complicated with DVT was analyzed retrospectively. The methods of diagnosis included color Doppler ultrasonography,multi slice CT angiography ( CTA) ,artery and vein visual-ization of upper limbs,and D-dimer detection. The treatment was majored in thrombolysis by urokinase and anticoagulation by low molecular heparin. Results There were 14 patients with increased levels of D-dimer,8 patients diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonography,3 patients diagnosed by CTA and 5 by artery and vein visualization. The DVT of 5 patients before operation were disappeared after treatment and cured. Among the 10 patients received operation,8 cases were succeeded and 2 cases complicated with pulmonary embolism,and 1 case was died. Conclusion The color Doppler ultrasonography is the first priority for diagnosis of upper limb trauma fracture complicated with DVT. The patients should be discovered in time and arranged thrombolysis and anticoagulation in early time.

Objective To measure the bone mineral density in children with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and examine the relevance of bone mineral density with the risk of pediatric upper limb fracture.Methods A total of 864 children (8-14 years of age) admitted into our hospital in 2009 were involved in the study.The bone mass density (Z score) at the left radius was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Children were grouped according to their Z score and age to observe correlations of Z value and age with the incidence of fractures.Results Thirty-three children were lost to follow-up.For the other 831 children,the mean duration of follow-up was 2 years.Z sore was ≤-2 in 66 children and ＞-2 in 765 children.There was significant difference in fracture incidence between children with Z score of ≤-2 and ＞-2 (27.27％ vs 5.49％,P ＜0.01).Furthermore,fracture incidence in children at age group of 8-10 years and 11-14 years revealed significant difference (10.83％ vs 5.03％,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Bone mineral density is closely related to upper limb fracture in children and increases with aging.Early application of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to detect the bone density is an effective primary measure for prevention of fractures in children.

Objective To investigate the effect and significance of regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress on the expression of histone methyltransferases SET7/9 in the kidneys of db/db mice.Methods Db/db mice were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method:diabetic nephropathy model group (DN group,n=18) and betaine treatment group (DN+B group,n =18),db/m mice were defined as normal control group (NC group,n =18).At the end of 4,8 and 12 weeks,the expression of GRP78,SET7/9,H3K4me2,and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was determined by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blotting.24-hour urinary protein excretion rate (UPER) and urine MCP-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The dynamic changes of blood glucose(BG),serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were tested by completely automatic biochemistry analyzer.The morphology of kidney was estimated by special staining of periodic acid-schiff (PAS).Results The levels of BG,BUN,UAER and MCP-1 were significantly higher in DN group than those in NC group (P ＜ 0.05),and were in time-dependent manner.Glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial cells proliferation began to emerge in DN group at the end of week 4 and mesangial matrix expansion was more obvious at the end of week 12.The mRNA and protein expression of GRP78 and SET7/9 were elevated significantly in DN group as compared to NC group.The H3K4me2 protein expression level was also increased in time-dependent manner.Compared with the DN group,in DN+B group glomerular lesions attenuated and the GRP78 and SET7/9 expression levels obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the levels of BG,BUN,UPER,MCP-1,H3K4me2 in DN+B group were also reduced (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be the upstream mechanism of mediating the expression of SET7/9 in the kidneys of DN mice.

Objectives To study the value of CT and MRI in diagnosing focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 16 patients with FNH confirmed histopathologically were analyzed retrospectively.Both plain and dynamic enhanced CT scannings were performed in all the patients.Plain and dynamic enhanced MRI were carried out in 9 patients.Results (1) There were 16 patients with 19 lesions,and 8 lesions were in the left lobe,5 lesions in the right lobe,4 lesions between the left/right lobes and 2 lesions in the caudate lobe.The morphology of the lesions showed 15 lesions to have clear boundaries and 4 lesions to have fuzzy boundaries.The tumor diameters varied from 2.2 to 9.6 cm,(average 4.3 cm).(2) Sixteen patients underwent CT examination.On plain CT,the lesions were isotonic (n＝ 5),or slightly low-density (n=11).In 7 lesions,there was a slit-like,stellate-shaped low density central scar.Nine patients underwent MRI examination.On T2WI,6 lesions showed slightly higher signal while the remaining 3 lesions showed iso-signal.On T1WI,4 lesions showed slightly lower signal,3 lesions showed iso-signal and 2 lesions showed slightly higher signal while in 1 lesion the local signal showed reduction in anti-phase 1.A central scar was seen in 6 lesions which showed high signal on T2WI,and low signal on T1WI.(3) Enhanced CT: 15 lesions were significantly enhanced and 1 lesion showed mild enhancement at the arterial phase.For the patients with mild enhancement,the scar in the center of the lesion showed no enhancement.In all lesions,the central scar did not enhance.In 5 lesions,enhancements of thickened and torturous arteries were seen.In all the lesions with enhancement,the enhancement was reduced at the portal venous phase,with 12 lesions showing slightly higher density,3 lesions isodensity and 1 lesion low-density.Three lesions showed mild enhancement of the central scar.All the substantial parts of the lesions with enhancement declined at the delay phase,with 3 lesions showing slightly higher density,9 lesions of isodensity and 4 lesions slightly low density.In 7 lesions with central scar delayed enhancement,they showed slightly higher density.Nine patients underwent MRI enhancement and the enhancement characteristics were similar to CT,but the arterial phase magnitude was higher than that of CT.In 4 lesions,the central scar began to enhance at the portal venous phase,while 6 lesions continued to enhance,thus showing slightly higher signal at the delay phase.In a large lesion,there was persistent delayed enhancement in the capsule.(4) On DWI,6 lesions showed inhomogeneous,slightly hyperintensity with the center showing a slit-like low signal area.Three lesions showed iso-signal.The ADC values of the lesions were (1.31±0.08)× 10-3 mm2/s,and the normal liver parenchyma were (1.22± 0.14)× 10-3 mm2/s,(difference not statistically significant).Conclusions CT and MRI using plain and dynamic enhanced scans could show fully and accurately the pathological features and the characteristics of blood supply of FNH.The characteristic signs on both CT and MRI make an accurate diagnosis of FNH.MRI when compared with CT was slightly better.A combined use of both CT and MRI has an important value in the diagnosis of FNH.