AIM:The different effect of bivalent immunoglobulin Yolk(IgY) was evaluated against snake venom between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation.METHODS:The venom of naja and viper was injected alternately into the leghorn hen.Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted by water dilution.The concentration of bivalent IgY in plasma was observed in indirect ELISA assay after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY taken orally.The gastric emptying function test was used for determining optimization time after gastric administration of IgY.The protective effect of bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was compared between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation.RESULTS:Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted from eggs laid in 28-42 d after the first immunization.The titers of Bivalent IgY against cobra and viper venom were 1:12 800 and 1:6 400.At the time of 2.5-3.5 h after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was taken orally in three concentrations(75 mg,150 mg,300 mg?0.5 mL-1?20 g-1 BW),the gastric evacuation rate of mice was above 68.9%,with the plasma concentration of bivalent IgY in peak.The survival time of mice envenomation with snake venom was extremely prolonged(P

BACKGROUND: Studies on the biomechanical properties in NUSS procedure have obtained some achievements, but the effect of scoliosis surgical correction of scoliosis on thoracic deformity remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of simultaneous correction of pectus excavatum and scoliosis on thoracic deformity so as to provide reference for designing a rational orthopedic scheme.METHODS: The three-dimensional reconstruction model of the chest was established based on the CT data of the patients with pectus excavatum and scoliosis. The surgical correction of pectus excavatum and scoliosis was simulated by numerical simulation method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Results after correction showed that the bilateral spinous processes at T3-5 segments displaced to the left (X direction) about 1 mm, suggesting that the simultaneous correction is favorable for the correction of scoliosis. (2) Compared with the single NUSS procedure, the displacement at Y direction was increased by 13.358 mm in the simultaneous correction; meanwhile, there was significant difference in the shortest displacement between two methods.(3) In views of Von Mises stress distribution, the stress in the simultaneous correction was decreased by 24.6 MPa compared with the single Nuss procedure, indicating that the simultaneous correction can significantly reduce the Von Mises stress on the chest, which contributes to alleviate the postoperative pain. (4) Our results show that the simultaneous correction cannot only improve scoliosis, but also improve the symptoms of pectus excavatum.

China's cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in the form of a Chinese tutor classes for the training of CPR has spread across the country. It is supported by three Chinese original theoretical systems: "2016 Chinese cardiopulmonary resuscitation expert consensus", "2018 China cardiopulmonary resuscitation training expert consensus", and "Chinese public health guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation". There are five characteristics in the classes, such as the "three analysis" "three-prevention" (precaution, prewarning and early identification),"three-ways" (standardization, diversification and individuation), "three lives" (demutation, transcending and extension),"three dimensional" (time, space and society). Highlighting the Chinese CPR training of the "three training" policy for CPR training (the cultivation of a sound system, the cultivation of scientific guidelines and the cultivation of a healthy culture), the "three training" program of CPR training (training professional skills, training multidimensional and training flexible ), the "three party" direction of CPR training (the application for achievement translation, the precision disseminators and theoretical innovation guides) under the new era background. A new chapter of CPR training with Chinese characteristics was composed.