Objective:To investigate the changes of plasma moderate molecule substance (MMS)level in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease during open heart surgery. Method: Siteen cases were studied. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia, after tracheal intubtion, after sternotomy. and rewarming during cardiopulmonary bypass, to measure the plasma MMS levels with ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry. Result: As compared with that before anesthesia, the MMS levels after tracheal intubtion,sternotomy,and rewarming during cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly elevated(P

Objective To observe the influence of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) on blood loss and hemostatic function after cardiac surgery with extracorpoteal circulation.Methods Forty-one patients undergoing congenital heart operations, were randomly allocated to double--blindly receiving 0.3ug/kg DDAVP in a 50 ml saline(group DDAVP, n = 20) and 50ml normal saline (group placebo, n = 21) over 15 min after protamine infusion. Blood samples were obtained before operation, immediately before studied drug administration and 1 h after the administration, to measure the hematocrit, platelet count and aggregation, Factor Ⅷ coagulant activity and von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration. Results The first postoperative 24-hour blood loss was significantly lower in group DDAVP than in group placebo [ (178 ? 90) ml vs (291 ? 98 ) ml, P 0 .05); The plasma level of vWF and factor Ⅷ coagulant activity markedly increased 1h after DDAVP administration as compared with those in group placebo, before operation and after protamine infusion in group DDAVP (P

Objective To investigate the effect of rocuronium on spectral entropy during induction of general anesthesia in patients of Uygur nstionality. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (Uygur nationality) of both sexes, aged 20-50 yr, weighing 45-70 kg, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): normal saline (NS) group and rocuronium group (group R). Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol. The initial target plasma concentration wan net at 2 μg/ml. The concentration wan then increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 4 min until response entropy (RE) was decreased to 45 and maintained for 4 min. When the plasma concentration was equal to the effect-site concentration, iv rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected in group R, while group NS received the equal volume of NS instead. Fentanyl 3 μg/kg was injected intravenously at 3 min after recuronium administration. The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. State entropy (SE) and RE were recorded immediately before induction (baseline, To), before rocuronium administration (T1), 2 main after rocuronium administration (T2) and at 0, 1, 2 and 3 min after intubation (T3-6). The difference between RE and SE wan calculated. Results The RE value at T3 and T4 and the difference between RE and SE at T2.5 were significantly lower in group R than in group NS ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Rocuronium can decrease the RE value and degree of increase in the difference between RE and SE during induction of general anesthesia in patients of Uygur nationality, which may affect the accuracy of spectral entropy in monitoring the depth of anesthesia.

Objective To compare the accuracy of BIS and skin conductance (SC) for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatients aged 21-56 yr weighing 52-85 kg undergoing orthopedic operation on the lower limb under epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study.After the onset of epidural anesthesia, TCI of propofol was started at an initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of 0.8 μg/ml. Th Cp was increased by 0.5-0.8 μg/ml every 3 min until OAA/S score=1. OAA/S score, BIS and SC values were recorded, SC change value (△SC) was calculated. Spearman rank-order correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve AUC was calculated) and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship of OAA/S score to BIS and △SC.Results BIS and △SC were significantly correlated with OAA/S scores (r were 0.920 and-0.859 respectively). The AUC of △SC (0.919, 0.946) was significantly better correlated with OAA/S score (5→4, 4→3) than that of BIS (0.761, 0.507), while BIS was better correlated (0.781, 0.959) with OAA/S score (3→2, 2→1) than ASC (0.577, 0.630). Logistic regression correctly predicted loss of consciousness. The accuracy of prediction was 93% for BIS and 82% for △SC. Conclusion The accuracy of SC for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by propofol TCI ishigher than that of BIS before loss of consciousness,while lower than that of BIS after loss of consciousness. BIS is more accurate in monitoring the loss of consciousness.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.

In vitro studies have established the prevalent theory that the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 protects neurodegeneration by removing damaged mitochondria in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, difficulty in detecting endogenous PINK1 protein in rodent brains and cell lines has prevented the rigorous investigation of the in vivo role of PINK1. Here we report that PINK1 kinase form is selectively expressed in the human and monkey brains. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deficiency of PINK1 causes similar neurodegeneration in the brains of fetal and adult monkeys as well as cultured monkey neurons without affecting mitochondrial protein expression and morphology. Importantly, PINK1 mutations in the primate brain and human cells reduce protein phosphorylation that is important for neuronal function and survival. Our findings suggest that PINK1 kinase activity rather than its mitochondrial function is essential for the neuronal survival in the primate brains and that its kinase dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of PD.