Objective To investigate the remote liver injury induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and the mechanism of liver protection afforded by methylene blue (MB) Methods Thirty-two rabbits weighing 2.3-2.9 kg were randomly divided into four groups: (1) normal group in which sham operation was performed; (2) I/R group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping anterior mesenteric artery for 1 hour; (3) in treatment group A MB 3 mg?kg-1 was given iv immediately ofter before declamping and (4) in treatment group B MB 15 mg?kg-1 iv was given. Common carotid artery was cannulated for direct continuous blood pressure monitoring. Blood samples were taken before anterior mesenteric artery occlusion, immediately after and 30 min, 1 h and 2 h after decalmping for determination of blood MDA concentration. At the end of the experiment a small piece of hepatic tissue was obtained for determination of its superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XO) and MDA levels.Results In I/R group blood MDA level increased significantly after I/R as compared with the baseline value before I/R and blood pressure decreased significantly after I/R, while in treatment group A and B there was no significant increase in blood MDA level after I/R. In I/R group liver MDA level was significantly higher than that in normal group, but there was no significant difference in liver MDA level between normal group (group 1) and treatment groups (group 3,4) .Conclusion Methylene blue can reduce the generation of ROS during intestinal I/R and protect liver from ROS-induced injury.

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical , pathological features of 16 patients with centronuclear myopathy.Methods All of the 16 patients performed clinical examination and sporadic patients and a proband with family history ( n=6 ) performed serum creatine kinase , electromyography and open muscle biopsies , and the specimens were used for a standard series of histological and histochemical stainings.The clinical and pathological features of these patients were analyzed.Results The proportion of centronuclear myopathy in suspected myopathy cases was 0.127%(6/4 724) in our department.The onset time ranged from infancy to adulthood.The common initial symptoms included mild to moderate weakness of lower limbs and bilateral ptosis ( n =4 ).The other symptoms were facial weakness ( n =1 ) and ophthalmoplegia (n=1).There were 12 patients performing distal weakness exceeding proximal weakness . One family with autosomal dominant inheritance of 11 patients had a later age of onset than the sporadic ones and manifested bilateral ptosis , bilateral lower limbs weakness , especially in distal muscle.Muscle biopsies showed pronouncedly increased amount of fibers with centrally placed nuclei with predominant type Ⅰfibers and a clear perinuclear halo surrounding the centrally placed nuclei and an appearance of spoke of a wheel in some fibers.Conclusions This series of centronuclear myopathy patients manifest clinical heterogeneity.Muscle biopsies show features of centralized nuclei pronounced increase , type Ⅰfibers predominance , etc.These can provide evidences for the diagnosis of the disease.