Objective To assess the characteristic of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with mild cogni?tive impairment (MCI). Methods This study included twenty-six cases of normal tension glaucoma patients who were diagnosed at ophthalmology department of Peking University Third Hospital. All the participants were examined by us?ing the scales of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), mini-mental state examination(MMSE), clinical dementia rat?ing (CDR), activities of daily living (ADL), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Pitts?burgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography (PSG). The patients were then divided into Group with MCI (16 cases) and Group without MCI (19 cases). Results There was no difference between the two groups in gender, age, edu?cation, depression, anxiety and body mass index (BMI) (P>0.05), but significant difference in MoCA scores (P<0.05). The incidence rate of sleep disorder of PSQI in was 28.6%(10/35 patients) of total NTG patients, 43.8%(7/16 patients) in Group with MCI, and 15.8% (3/19 patients) in Group without MCI, respectively. The PSQI score was higher in Group with MCI than in Group without MCI (P<0.05). Sleep efficiency was higher in Group without MCI than in Group with MCI (P<0.05), but no difference was found between the two groups in six other indexes of PSQI (P>0.05). The in?cidence rate of sleep structure disorder of PSG in all the NTG patients was 85.7%(30/35 patients), 87.5%(14/16 pa?tients) in Group with MCI, and 84.2%(16/19 patients) in Group without MCI. Sleep time of NREM-N3 was significant?ly shorter in Group with MCI than in Group without MCI (P<0.05), but no difference was found between those groups in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency and REM time (P>0.05). Conclusion NTG patients with mild cogni?tive impairment are more prone to sleep disorders, especially sleep structure disturbance and short NREM-N3 time may affect cognitive function.

BACKGROUND: At present, most of the literature on joint replacement focus on the causes and countermeasures of long-term complications, but seldom focuses on causes of postoperative short-term complications, such as wound exudation and delayed union. Whether the incidence of sustained exudation and delayed wound healing in patients with hypertension after hip replacement is higher than that in patients with normal blood pressure is not reported at present.OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation of hypertension with persistent wound exudation and delayed wound healing in patients after femoral head replacement.METHODS: Data of 205 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent femoral head replacement. In accordance with the hypertension diagnostic criteria of 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension, patients were divided into hypertension group and control group.Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, the days of prolonged wound exudation, the wound dehiscence, and the prevalence of delayed wound healing were compared between the two groups. Then, we analyzed the relationship of hypertension with wound exudation and delayed wound healing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The average systolic blood pressures were 153.55 mmHg and 128.82 mmHg in the hypertension and control groups, respectively (P < 0.05). (2) No significant difference in age, gender, MNA-SF score, diabetes, body mass index, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative blood loss was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) The time of persistent wound exudation was 4.03 days and 2.08 days in the hypertension group and control group, respectively (P < 0.05). (4) The prevalence of delayed wound healing was significantly higher in the hypertension group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) Hypertensive patients had a higher risk of prolonged wound exudation and delayed healing than their normotensive counterparts, and the hypertension is one of the important influence factors for delayed wound healing.

Objective To investigate the outcomes of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Shanghai communities and the influencing factors.Methods From October 2015 to April 2016,533 type 2 diabetic patients with DR were selected by target sampling and cluster random sampling method from six community health service centers in Shanghai.Patients were followed up for 1 year.The demographic information,physical examination,laboratory tests and eye fundus exam results were documented and the DR was graded.The factors associated with the regression of DR were analyzed.Results Total 478 patients,including 280 females (58.6％) and 198 males (41.4％),were followed up for 1 year.The mean age of patients was (64±7) years and the mean disease duration was (8.85±4.20) years.The original DR lesion was remitted in 35 patients with an improvement rate of 7.3％;while the original DR lesion was aggravated in 29 patients with a progression rate of 6.1％.Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=0.197,95％CI:0.056-0.699),body mass index (BMI) (OR=0.383,95％CI:0.171-0.856),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) (OR=0.287,95％CI:0.102-0.803),triglycerides (TG) (OR=0.541,95％CI:0.295-0.991),urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)(OR=0.218,95％CI:0.066-0.720) were associated with DR in type 2 diabetic patients.Conclusion The regression of DR is closely related to age,BMI,glucose,serum lipids and renal function,so it is suggested that lowering BMI,controlling glucose and serum lipids and maintaining normal kidney function are necessary for preventing the progression and promoting the improvement of DR in diabetic patients.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children from 2001 to 2021, in order to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children.Methods:"Allergic rhinitis" "children" "adolescent" "infant" "prevalence" "epidemiology" were used in the main search terms. The combination of Mesh words and free words was adopted. CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library for publications between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2021 were searched systemically and data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers. Supplementary collection was made by identifying retrospective references from the included literature. After study quality assessment, Meta analysis was completed using Stata 16.0 software.Results:A total of 20 cross-sectional studies were included, involving 54 886 cases. Meta analysis results showed that the overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the participants was 18.46% (95% CI:14.34%-22.59%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis from 2012 to 2021 (19.75%) was higher than that from 2001 to 2011 (14.81%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of different regions from high to low was East China (22.77%), North China (20.82%), Northwest China (17.77%), Central China (16.62%), Southwest China (16.33%), Northeast China (16.16%) and South China (7.29%) respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of male (20.73%) was higher than that of female (16.34%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of Han nationality(17.31%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (15.93%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children is high and the prevalence in children varies by publication year, region, sex and nationality.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the early recovery of renal function in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 SA-AKI patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2021 to December 2022,who met both the Sepsis 3.0 diagnostic criteria and the AKI diagnostic standards.Patients were divided into a recovery group and a non-recovery group based on whether their renal function recovered within 7 days after AKI onset.Clinical data and laboratory tests of patients were compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify risk factors affecting renal function recovery in SA-AKI patients,and ROC curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of these factors for early renal function recovery in SA-AKI patients.Results The renal function of 37(43.02％)patients recoveried.Compared with the recovery group,the renal replacement therapy rate,in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality of patients in the non-recovery group were higher(P＜0.001).The multivariate logistic analysis showed that age,APACHE Ⅱ score,urine output,urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),and norepinephrine dose were independent related factors affecting renal function recovery in SA-AKI patients(P＜0.05).The final model logit(P)=-4.091+0.001×urine NGAL-0.001 Xurine volume+0.040 ×age+0.073 × APACHE Ⅱ score+1.906 × norepinephrine dose.The AUC of model predicting early SA-AKI recovery was 0.823,with 73.5％of sensitivity,and 81.1％of specificity.Conclusions In SA-AKI patients,age,APACHE Ⅱ score,urine output,urine NGAL,and the dose of norepinephrine independently affect early renal function recovery,and the combined assessment of these indicators has predictive value for the early renal recovery in these patients.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children from 2001 to 2021, in order to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children.Methods:"Allergic rhinitis" "children" "adolescent" "infant" "prevalence" "epidemiology" were used in the main search terms. The combination of Mesh words and free words was adopted. CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library for publications between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2021 were searched systemically and data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers. Supplementary collection was made by identifying retrospective references from the included literature. After study quality assessment, Meta analysis was completed using Stata 16.0 software.Results:A total of 20 cross-sectional studies were included, involving 54 886 cases. Meta analysis results showed that the overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the participants was 18.46% (95% CI:14.34%-22.59%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis from 2012 to 2021 (19.75%) was higher than that from 2001 to 2011 (14.81%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of different regions from high to low was East China (22.77%), North China (20.82%), Northwest China (17.77%), Central China (16.62%), Southwest China (16.33%), Northeast China (16.16%) and South China (7.29%) respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of male (20.73%) was higher than that of female (16.34%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The prevalence of Han nationality(17.31%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (15.93%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Chinese children is high and the prevalence in children varies by publication year, region, sex and nationality.

Objectives:To explore the clinical characteristics of children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by detecting the expression of pepsin in adenoids as a standard for AH with LPR.Methods:A total of 190 children who were admitted for surgical treatment due to AH were included in the study. The main clinical symptoms of the patients were recorded, and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy was evaluated. Before the surgery, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Score (RFS) were used to evaluate the reflux symptoms. After the surgery, pepsin immunohistochemical staining was performed on the adenoid tissue, and according to the staining results, the patients were divided into study group (pepsin staining positive) and control group (pepsin staining negative). SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Quantitative data conforming to normal distribution between the two groups were tested by two-independent sample t test, and quantitative data with skewed distribution were tested by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The positive rate of pepsin staining in the 190 AH patients was 78.4% (149/190). The study group had higher levels of preoperative symptoms such as erythema and/or congestion of the pharynx(2.1±0.7 vs. 1.8±0.6, t=2.23), vocal cord edema[1.0(0, 1.0) vs. 1.0(0, 1.0), Z=2.00], diffuse laryngeal edema[0(0, 1.0) vs. 0(0, 0), Z=2.48], posterior commissure hypertrophy[(1.4±0.6 vs. 1.1±0.5), t=2.63], and a higher total score on the RFS scale than the control group(6.2±2.7 vs. 5.0±2.6, t=2.47), with statistical differences ( P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of RFS score in diagnosing AH with LPR were 24.8% and 80.5%, respectively. When RFS>5 was used as the positive threshold, the sensitivity and specificity of RFS score in diagnosing AH with LPR were 61.1% and 58.5%, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the number of positive cases of RFS score between the study group and the control group(91 vs. 17, χ2=5.04, P=0.032). Conclusions:LPR is common in AH children. Children with AH and LPR have specific performance in electronic laryngoscopy, such as erythema with edema in the pharynx, posterior commissure hypertrophy, and vocal cord edema.

Objective: To understand the effect of treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on chronic cough in children. Methods: A total of 100 consecutive children with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG) and chronic cough were included in this study. All children underwent cough condition assessment, OSA-18 scales and MS-IOS before and after surgery, and all children were followed-up for 3 months. Children were separated into three groups according to the severity of OSAHS. Related parameters like Zr, Rf, R5, R20, X5, X35, Rc, Rp obtained from MS-IOS, OSA-18 scores and cough scores were compared between different groups using paired t-test or Wilcoxon sum test. Results: There existed significantly positive correlations between AHI and scores of OSA-18(r=0.653, P<0.01). AHI positively related to cough scores including diurnal(r=0.470, P<0.01)and nocturnal cough scores(r=0.459, P<0.01). Scores of OSA-18 had similarity in correlations with diurnal(r=0.527, P<0.01)and nocturnal cough scores(r=0.532, P<0.01). All children got improved in OSA-18 scales and cough scores after treatment. In details, the three groups were mild group(n=34), moderate group(n=37), severe group(n=29). OSA-18 scales decreased dramatically in each group after surgery, Z values were -5.014, -5.035, -4.624 respectively(P=0.000). Cough scores in day and night got reduced after treatment, Z values were -5.112, -5.102, -5.394, -5.374, -4.777, -4.770 in three groups. Rp in all children got alleviated after surgical management, Z were -3.150, -5.035, -5.374(P=0.000). Other parameters were analyzed using paired t test. Z5, R5, R20, R35 got reduced in all three groups.X5 got reduced in mild and moderate groups. Rc reduced only in the moderate group. Conclusions OSAHS may be a trigger or inducer of chronic cough. Active treatment of OSAHS via surgery can improve the quality of children′s life and alleviate the symptoms of cough in day and night.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of acute otitis media(AOM) in children in Beijing and its correlation with meteorological factors. Methods: Data were collected in 2011-2013 in the Otolaryngology Department of Capital Institute of Pediatrics. AOM in children with relevant information, such as age, sex and season, with the same period of the Beijing municipal meteorological data (the average temperature, average pressure, average wind speed, humidity and PM2.5) were compared to analysis the relationship of meteorological environmental parameters and the onset of AOM in children. Results: Annual morbidity of AOM was 7 589, 8 245, 7 242 respectively, no obvious difference(P=0.761). It was noted that one peak could be seen in December, and a valley in February, followed by August. Summer was less than the other three seasons (P<0.05). The morbidity of AOM had a small peak within one year after birth, then reached peak at the age of about 4, and then reduced gradually. In different age groups, male patients were higher than those of female. The incidence of AOM was positively correlation tendency with air pressure and PM2.5 (r=0.333, 0.093, P=0.000, 0.002), which was negatively correlation tendency with daily temperature or humidity (r=-0.327, -0.195, P=0.000, 0.000). Conclusions The incidence of AOM of children in Beijing changes with age, and has obvious seasonal variation. There may be some correlation between the meteorological factors and the incidence of AOM in children.