Objective To investigate the values of diffusion tensor MR imaging(DTI)and fiber tractography(FT)in the assessment of cognitive functions in children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL),to facilitate to understand the mechanism of PVL children's cognitive functions.Methods Forty six children with PVL and 16 age-matched volunters were recruited.Developmental quotient(DQ)of all cases was recorded.According to the DQ scores,patients were divided into 3 groups:mild in 11 patients,moderate in 19,and severe in 16.DTI was performed in all cases and fractional anisotropy(FA)values were be calculated.Non-paired t test was used to compare the FA values of major white matter fibers between patients group and controls group.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the FA values among 4 groups.Results Compared with controls,all 46 patients with PVL showed a significant mean FA reduction in left corticospinal tract(CST)(0.476 ±0.064 vs.0.531 ±0.064),bilateral anterior limb of internal capsula (ICAL)(left 0.357 ±0.050 vs.0.405 ±0.081,right 0.370 ±0.040 vs.0.405 ±0.036),posterior limb of internal capsule(ICPL)(left 0.483 ±0.044 vs.0.546 ±0.091,right 0.485 ±0.046 vs.0.547 ±0.083),arcuate fasciculus(AF)(left 0.367 ± 0.069 vs.0.433 ± 0.097,right 0.363 ± 0.064 vs.0.421 ±0.091),posterior thalamic radiation(PTR)(left 0.390 ± 0.059 vs.0.459 ± 0.067,right 0.382 ± 0.047 vs.0.446 ± 0.064),anterior CG(ACG)(left 0.362 ± 0.056 vs.0.423 ± 0.057,right 0.345 ± 0.056 vs.0.417 ± 0.080),superior longitudinal fasciculus(SLF)(left 0.323 ± 0.050 vs.0.426 ±0.102,right 0.341 ± 0.056 vs.0.416 ± 0.092)and splenium of the corpus callosum(SCC)(0.535 ±0.090 vs.0.606 ±0.060)(t =2.037-3.745,P ＜0.05).The severity of cognitive impairment companied with decrease of the FA values of all fibers.The FA values of bilateral CST,ICAL,ICPL,left AF,bilateral PTR,ACG,SLF and SCC were significantly different among different groups(F =3.021-7.146,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The damage widespread of white matter bundles is found in children with PVL DTI and FT can provide details in the assessment of cognitive impairment in children with PVL.

OBJECTIVETo study the histogenesis, pathologic features and differential diagnosis of prostatic primary signet ring cell carcinoma.

METHODS10 cases of the primary signet ring cell carcinoma were detected from 262 cases of prostate carcinomas diagnosed on needle biopsy were investigated by routine pathological, immunohistochemical and histochemical methods, and then compared with 10 cases of signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach and colon. 3 cases were studied with electron microscopy.

RESULTS9 cases of prostate signet ring cell carcinoma were associated with concurrent high-grade conventional prostatic carcinoma, but at least 25% of the neoplasm consisted of signet ring cells. Only one case was pure signet ring cell carcinoma. Neoplastic signet ring cells may be divided into two types: the first type showed formation of intracytoplasmic lumina or vacuole, and the second type had intracytoplasmic accumulation of excess PSA and/or PAP. Both types of signet ring cells were negative for mucin staining (AB/PAS and mucicarmine). Therefore they differed from signet ring cell carcinomas of the stomach and colon.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary prostate signet ring cell carcinoma is a low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of a special histologic type, which arises from the epithelial cells of the prostate acinus. They can be distinguished from metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach and colon and also from vacuolate degeneration of conventional carcinoma after endocrine or radiation therapy.

Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the correlation between the mean platelet volume (MPV) ,neutrophil-to -lymphocyte(NLR) and the severity as well as prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) patients . Methods A retrospective cohort study involved 172 patients with SSHL from January 2012 to May 2015 .The distri-bution characteristics of routine blood (white blood cells ,neutrophil ,lymphocyte ,MPV ,NLR) in different audio-metric curves (hearing loss at low frequencies ,flat type ,high frequencies ,and total deafness) and prognosis of re-covery (complete ,partial ,slight ,and no recovery )were analyzed by SPSS 19 .0 analysis chi square test ,and the prognosis was estimated by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) .Results MPV and NLR levels in the severe and profound hearing loss group were significantly higher than that in different audiometric curves (P<0 .01 and P<0 .01) .MPV and NLR level in the partial recovery group and the no recovery group were signifi-cantly higher than that in the complete recovery group (P<0 .01 and P<0 .01) .The value of the MPV and NLR showed negative correlation with the prognosis (hearing recovery ) ,and the lymphocyte was positive with the prog-nosis .The sensitivity and specificity of MPV and NLR count 24 hours after admission predicting the prognosis of hearing recovery were 66 .2％ and 85 .5％ ,58 .4％ and 86 .7％ ,respectively .Conclusion The changes of MPV and NLR in SSHL patients are related to the severity of hearing loss ,and NLR count at 24 hours after admission may play an important role in prognosis of this disease .