Objective: To estimate the burden of disease (BOD) attributable to main risk factors of chronic diseases in Zhejiang Province in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy for chronic diseases and reducing BOD. Methods: The results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 ( GBD 2017 ) were extracted to evaluate years of life lost due to premature mortality ( YLL ), years lived with disability ( YLD ) and disability-adjusted life years ( DALY ). The gender- and age-specific BOD attributable to main risk factors of chronic diseases, including the environment, metabolism and behaviors, in Zhejiang Province in 2017 was estimated and compared with those in 1990. Results: High DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated attributable to tobacco use ( 2 807.08/105 ), unreasonable diet ( 2 724.72/105 ) and hypertension ( 1 878.69/105 ) in Zhejiang Province in 2017, and high DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated in men attributable to tobacco use ( 4 764.77/105 ), unreasonable diet ( 3 297.00/105 ) and hypertension ( 2 076.92/105 ), while high DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated in women attributable to unreasonable diet ( 2 117.16/105 ), hypertension ( 1 668.24/105 ) and hyperglycemia ( 1 100.53/105 ), respectively. Among individuals at ages of 15 to 49 years, high DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated attributable to unreasonable diet ( 759.29/105 ), drug abuse ( 611.71/105 ) and tobacco use ( 605.37/105 ); among individuals at ages of 50 to 69 years, high DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated attributable to tobacco use ( 5 528.37/105 ), unreasonable diet ( 4 628.18/105 ) and hypertension ( 2 757.78/105 ); and among individuals at ages of 70 years and older, high DALY rates of chronic diseases were estimated attributable to unreasonable diet ( 16 370.09/105 ), tobacco use ( 15 551.40/105 ) and hypertension ( 14 408.63/105 ). As compared to those in 1990, the DALY rates of chronic diseases attributable to high body mass index, alcohol use, hyperglycemia, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and drug abuse increased by 108.23%, 48.59%, 23.17%, 17.64% and 6.06%, and the DALY rates of chronic diseases attributable to air pollution, occupational risks, unreasonable diet and impaired renal function reduced by 51.11%, 44.81%, 22.49% and 19.83%, and no significant alterations were detected in DALY rates of chronic diseases attributable to tobacco use or hypertension in 2017. Conclusions There was a high BOD of chronic diseases attributable to tobacco use, unreasonable diet and hypertension in Zhejiang Province in 2017, and the BOD of chronic diseases attributable to high body mass index, alcohol use and hyperglycemia appeared a tendency towards a rise in Zhejiang Province in 2017 relative to in 1990.

Objective: To investigate the degree and influencing factors of glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) control among patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) living in rural communities of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the reference for optimizing the management of diabetes patients in rural communities. Methods: Permanent adult patients with T2DM that were registered and received standardized management in all communities of Jiashan County and Suichang County, and 6 communities of Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province in 2016 were recruited, and their demographic characteristics were captured from the health record system and chronic disease management system. The height, body weight, waist circumstance and blood pressure were measured, and HbA1c and blood lipid parameters were detected. The degree of HbA1c control ( <7% ) was analyzed, and its influencing factors were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 10 339 patients with T2DM were enrolled, including 4 520 men ( 43.72% ) and 5 819 women ( 56.28% ), with a mean age of ( 63.54±9.78 ) years and the mean course of diabetes of ( 6.36±4.73 ) years. The rate of HbA1c control was 47.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that males ( OR=1.123, 95%CI: 1.024-1.233 ), region ( Suichang, OR=2.413, 95%CI: 2.106-2.765; Yongkang, OR=2.460, 95%CI: 2.188-2.767 ), course of disease ( 5-9 years, OR=1.724, 95%CI: 1.504-1.977; 10 years and longer, OR=2.881, 95%CI: 2.477-3.351 ), use of hypoglycemic drugs ( OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.089-1.329 ), development of chronic complications ( OR=1.190, 95%CI: 1.027-1.379 ), uncontrolled blood pressure ( OR=1.140, 95%CI: 1.030-1.261 ), uncontrolled blood lipid ( OR=1.258, 95%CI: 1.104-1.433 ), and smoking ( OR=1.318, 95%CI: 1.165-1.491 ) were statistically associated with HbA1c control among T2DM patients. Conclusion The rate of HbA1c control was 47.89% among T2DM patients in rural communities of Zhejiang Province. HbA1c control should be given a high priority among men living in low-economic-level regions with long course of disease, use of hypoglycemic drugs, chronic complications, smoking, uncontrolled blood pressure and lipid.

Objective To explore the operative procedure and perioperative management of gastric cancer with liver cirrhosis.Methods Clinical data of 28 cases of gastric cancer with liver cirrhosis who were surgically treated in our hospital during the last seven years were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperatively,a detailed examination,and improvement of their nutritional status,liver function,and prothrombin time were aggressively made,and the possibility of tumor removal was estimated.Seven patients underwent radical proximal subtotal gastrectomy,and 4 of these cases underwent splenectomy and pericardial devascularizaion simultaneously.Five cases underwent total gastrectomy,and 3 of them had splenectomy and pericardial devascularizaion simultaneously.Twelve patients underwent radical distal subtotal gastrectomy,and 5 of these cases had splenectomy and suture of pericardial varices simultaneously.Four patients had palliative distal subtotal gastrectomy.The support of liver function and intense monitoring and management of complications were carried out postoperatively.Results Varying degrees of ascites occurred in all the 28 patients postoperatively,and other complications such as early liver coma occurred in five patients,extensive wound bleeding in three patients,left subdiaphragmatic abscess in one patient and wound infection in two patients.The morbidity rate was 100%(28/28).However,all the complications were recovered by non-surgical treatment.There were no perioperative deaths in this series.Conclusions Gastric cancer patients with liver cirrhosis are at a significant risk of developing postoperative complications.The surgical procedure should the "individual" principle based on liver function,history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the location of gastric carcinoma.Good hepatic reserve and perioperative care,meticulous hemostasis during operation,and prevention and treatment of postoperative complications are the likely determinants of operative prognosis.

Objective : To explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension in adults of Zhejiang Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods: Data were collected from 10 national surveillance sites in Zhejiang Province in the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension in adults of Zhejiang Province. Results : Among 5 908 people included, 2 641 were males, accounting for 50.38%; and 3 267 were females, accounting for 49.62%. There were 2 721 cases of hypertension ( 28.54% ). The number of the cases with no, light and excessive alcohol consumption was 3 945, 1 117 and 846, accounting for 66.28%, 23.65% and 10.07%, respectively, after complex sampling weighting. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model showed that compared with those with no alcohol consumption, the adults with excessive alcohol consumption had higher risk of hypertension ( OR=2.126, 95%CI: 1.649-2.741 ); men with light ( OR=1.875, 95%CI: 1.075-3.270 ) and excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=2.752, 95%CI: 2.021-3.748 ) had higher risk of hypertension; the 18-<45-year-old adults with light ( OR=2.441, 95%CI: 1.171-5.087 ) and excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=3.368, 95%CI: 1.609-7.049 ), and the ≥60-year-old adults with excessive alcohol consumption ( OR=1.632, 95%CI: 1.174-2.269 ) had higher risk of hypertension. Conclusions Light and excessive alcohol consumption are associated with hypertension in Zhejiang adults. The association is stronger between excessive alcohol consumption and hypertension than between light alcohol consumption and hypertension.

Objective: To investigation the correlation between sleep duration and hypertension among adults in Zhejiang Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods: Permanent residents at age of 18 years and older were enrolled from 10 surveillance sites for risk factors of chronic diseases included in the 2018 China Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance Program. Subjects' demographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration and development of hypertension were collected, and following complex weighting calculations, the association between sleep duration and hypertension were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 5 770 adults were included, including 2 952 men (50.72%) and 3 178 women (49.28%), and the prevalence of hypertension was 29.39% (2 702 cases). There were 712 (8.37%), 1 077 (18.77%), 1 582 (28.68%), 1 717 (34.60%) and 682 adults (9.57%) with sleep duration of <6 h/d, 6 to 7 h/d, 7 to 8 h/d, 8 to 9 h/d and 9 h/d and longer, respectively. Taking the sleep duration of 7 to 8 h/d as a reference, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between sleep duration of <6 h/d and the risk of hypertension (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.184-2.466), a significant association between sleep duration of 9 h/d and longer and the risk of hypertension (OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.006-1.862) in men, significant associations between sleep duration of <6 h/d (OR=2.174, 95%CI: 1.528-3.093) and 6 to 7 h/d (OR=1.412, 95%CI: 1.078-1.850) and the risk of hypertension in women, and significant associations between sleep duration of <6 h/d (OR=3.095, 95%CI: 1.025-9.347) and 6 to 7 h/d (OR=2.046, 95%CI: 1.156-3.622) and the risk of hypertension in residents at ages of 18 to 44 years. Conclusions Short sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension among adults at ages of 18 to 44 years in Zhejiang Province. Short sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension in women and long sleep duration may increase the risk of hypertension in men.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention combined with clinical preventive services and lifestyle adjustment on high-risk populations of cardiovascular disease.Methods:In 2015, 4 towns (streets) in Tongxiang City, of Zhejiang Province including Heshan Town, Longxiang Street, Wutong Street, and Fengming Street, were selected by using the typical sampling. The towns (streets) were allocated to the intervention group (Heshan Town and Longxiang Street) and the control group (Wutong Street and Fengming Street) by using the cluster random sampling. In each town (street), hypertension patients aged 50 to 74 years old who were taking community medicine management and with a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk ≥10% were recruited as subjects. There were 1 823 subjects in the intervention group and 1 883 in the control group. The intervention group was given a 1-year comprehensive intervention combining clinical preventive services and lifestyle adjustment, while the control group received routine chronic disease management. After the intervention, the final questionnaire investigation was conducted and health physical examination data were obtained. The death, acute coronary heart disease events and stroke incidence were the primary outcomes, and cardiovascular disease-related knowledge and behavior, clinical preventive services utilization, physical changes, blood fat index and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were the secondary outcomes. The difference-in-difference model was used to evaluate the effects of interventions.Results:The age of subjects in the intervention and control group was (68.76±3.75) and (67.90±4.56) years old, respectively. After 1-year intervention, the incidence of mortality, acute coronary events and stroke in intervention group was 1.65% (30 cases), 0.27% (5 cases) and 2.69% (49 cases), respectively, which showed no statistical difference compared to the control group [1.33% (25 cases), 0.32% (6 cases) and 2.07% (39 cases)]. After adjusting for the age, gender, education, marital status, self-assessed family income level and situation of taking antihypertensive drugs, the difference-in-difference model showed that the body mass index and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased by 0.33 kg/m 2 and 1.49 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Compared with the control group, daily vegetable consumption proportion, the awareness rates of aspirin, stains, salt intake, and oil intake increased by 4.76%, 26.22%, 29.56%, 10.80%, and 15.17%, respectively ( P<0.05). Conclusion:After the 1-year comprehensive intervention, there was no significant change in primary outcomes among high-risk populations of cardiovascular disease. In secondary outcomes, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure declined and cardiovascular disease-related knowledge awareness increased.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation of community management index of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes with the probability of premature mortality of major chronic diseases.Methods:From 2016 to 2018, the management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes were obtained from annual report of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in communities of Zhejiang province. The death data of chronic diseases were obtained from Information Management System of Chronic Diseases of Zhejiang province and annual population data were obtained from Public Security Bureau of Zhejiang Province. The management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes in communities of Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2018 was described. The death status of major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, in the same period was also described. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression model were used to explore the correlation of community management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes with the probability of premature mortality of major chronic diseases.Results:The number of essential hypertension patients under standardized management, blood pressure control and regular medication increased from 3.127 3, 2.811 5 and 3.569 7 million in 2016 to 3.355 9, 3.151 8 and 4.010 6 million in 2018, respectively. The number of type 2 diabetes patients with standardized management, blood glucose control and regular medication increased from 0.805 5, 0.687 5 and 0.913 4 million in 2016 to 0.912 6, 0.798 7 and 1.064 8 million in 2018, respectively. The standardized mortality rate of chronic diseases decreased from 403.07/100 000 in 2016 to 380.07/100 000 in 2018. The proportion of premature deaths of chronic diseases decreased from 28.39% in 2016 to 26.90% in 2018. The proportion of deaths from major chronic diseases in all chronic diseases decreased from 90.96% in 2016 to 90.69% in 2018.The probability of premature mortality decreased from 10.68% in 2016 to 9.67% in 2018. The spearman correlation analysis showed that the blood pressure control and regular drug use were negatively correlated with the probability of premature death of major chronic diseases ( r values were -0.367 and -0.392; P values were 0.035 and 0.024). According to the linear regression model analysis, with increase of 100 000 of essential hypertension control cases or regular medication use cases of type 2 diabetes, the probability of premature death of major chronic diseases decreased by 0.47% (95% CI: 0.39%, 0.54%) or 1.31% (95% CI: 1.12%, 1.50%), respectively. Conclusion:From 2016 to 2018, the community management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes was negatively correlated with probability of premature death of major chronic diseases in Zhejiang province.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome(MetS) among adult residents in Zhejiang Province and compare three diagnostic criteria in adult residents.Methods:In this cross-sectisnal study participants were randomly chosen using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from 10 national chronic disease risk factor monitoring sites in Zhejiang Province of the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance Project. Demographics and information on chronic disease prevalence were obtained through questionnaire, physical measurements, and laboratory. After complex weighting of the data, an analysis and comparison of the prevalence of MetS under different diagnostic criteria among adult residents in Zhejiang Province was conducted.Results:A total of 5 369 adult residents were included, 2 411 males and 2 958 females. The prevalence of MetS using JIS, CDS and IDF diagnostic criteria was 33.62%, 25.32%, and 24.25%, respectively. The consistency rate between IDF and JIS was the highest(89.11%) and the Kappa value was 0.768( P<0.001). The consistency rate between IDF and CDS diagnostic criteria was 84.53%, and the Kappa value was 0.631( P<0.001). The consistency rate between JIS and CDS was the lowest(83.17%), and the Kappa value was 0.621( P<0.001). Under CDS diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of MetS was associated to gender, marital status, smoking and drinking. Conclusion:The prevalence of MetS is at a relatively high level among adult residents in Zhejiang province. The consistency between IDF and JIS diagnostic criteria is the highest. Screening for MetS should be strengthened to detect high-risk individuals early, reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes, and improve the quality of life of residents.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention combined with clinical preventive services and lifestyle adjustment on high-risk populations of cardiovascular disease.Methods:In 2015, 4 towns (streets) in Tongxiang City, of Zhejiang Province including Heshan Town, Longxiang Street, Wutong Street, and Fengming Street, were selected by using the typical sampling. The towns (streets) were allocated to the intervention group (Heshan Town and Longxiang Street) and the control group (Wutong Street and Fengming Street) by using the cluster random sampling. In each town (street), hypertension patients aged 50 to 74 years old who were taking community medicine management and with a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk ≥10% were recruited as subjects. There were 1 823 subjects in the intervention group and 1 883 in the control group. The intervention group was given a 1-year comprehensive intervention combining clinical preventive services and lifestyle adjustment, while the control group received routine chronic disease management. After the intervention, the final questionnaire investigation was conducted and health physical examination data were obtained. The death, acute coronary heart disease events and stroke incidence were the primary outcomes, and cardiovascular disease-related knowledge and behavior, clinical preventive services utilization, physical changes, blood fat index and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were the secondary outcomes. The difference-in-difference model was used to evaluate the effects of interventions.Results:The age of subjects in the intervention and control group was (68.76±3.75) and (67.90±4.56) years old, respectively. After 1-year intervention, the incidence of mortality, acute coronary events and stroke in intervention group was 1.65% (30 cases), 0.27% (5 cases) and 2.69% (49 cases), respectively, which showed no statistical difference compared to the control group [1.33% (25 cases), 0.32% (6 cases) and 2.07% (39 cases)]. After adjusting for the age, gender, education, marital status, self-assessed family income level and situation of taking antihypertensive drugs, the difference-in-difference model showed that the body mass index and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased by 0.33 kg/m 2 and 1.49 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Compared with the control group, daily vegetable consumption proportion, the awareness rates of aspirin, stains, salt intake, and oil intake increased by 4.76%, 26.22%, 29.56%, 10.80%, and 15.17%, respectively ( P<0.05). Conclusion:After the 1-year comprehensive intervention, there was no significant change in primary outcomes among high-risk populations of cardiovascular disease. In secondary outcomes, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure declined and cardiovascular disease-related knowledge awareness increased.

Objective:To evaluate the correlation of community management index of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes with the probability of premature mortality of major chronic diseases.Methods:From 2016 to 2018, the management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes were obtained from annual report of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in communities of Zhejiang province. The death data of chronic diseases were obtained from Information Management System of Chronic Diseases of Zhejiang province and annual population data were obtained from Public Security Bureau of Zhejiang Province. The management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes in communities of Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2018 was described. The death status of major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, in the same period was also described. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression model were used to explore the correlation of community management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes with the probability of premature mortality of major chronic diseases.Results:The number of essential hypertension patients under standardized management, blood pressure control and regular medication increased from 3.127 3, 2.811 5 and 3.569 7 million in 2016 to 3.355 9, 3.151 8 and 4.010 6 million in 2018, respectively. The number of type 2 diabetes patients with standardized management, blood glucose control and regular medication increased from 0.805 5, 0.687 5 and 0.913 4 million in 2016 to 0.912 6, 0.798 7 and 1.064 8 million in 2018, respectively. The standardized mortality rate of chronic diseases decreased from 403.07/100 000 in 2016 to 380.07/100 000 in 2018. The proportion of premature deaths of chronic diseases decreased from 28.39% in 2016 to 26.90% in 2018. The proportion of deaths from major chronic diseases in all chronic diseases decreased from 90.96% in 2016 to 90.69% in 2018.The probability of premature mortality decreased from 10.68% in 2016 to 9.67% in 2018. The spearman correlation analysis showed that the blood pressure control and regular drug use were negatively correlated with the probability of premature death of major chronic diseases ( r values were -0.367 and -0.392; P values were 0.035 and 0.024). According to the linear regression model analysis, with increase of 100 000 of essential hypertension control cases or regular medication use cases of type 2 diabetes, the probability of premature death of major chronic diseases decreased by 0.47% (95% CI: 0.39%, 0.54%) or 1.31% (95% CI: 1.12%, 1.50%), respectively. Conclusion:From 2016 to 2018, the community management of essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes was negatively correlated with probability of premature death of major chronic diseases in Zhejiang province.