Objective To establish a tree shrew model of Fusarium solani keractitis by injecting Fusarium solani conidia into the corneal stroma.Methods Fusarium solani was inoculated into Sabouraud culture medium and incubated at 26℃ for 7 days.Fungal suspension was collected and the number of spores was adjusted to 1 × 1010 CFU /mL on the blood cell count plate.Forty healthy tree shrews were randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=10).In the experimental group, 50 μL of fungal spore suspension was injected into the cornea center with a 29G needle, and 50 μL saline was injected in the control group.The models were evaluated by anterior segment photography, in vivo confocal microscopy, histopathology, and corneal tissue culture.Results The fungal infiltration, the degree of edema of corneal epithelial and endothelial cells, and the number of mycelium were positively correlated with time.The number of infiltrating inflammatory cells, mainly, neutrophils, reached a peak on the 7th day after modeling.The mycelial growth was parallel to the stromal fibers.After the successful establishment of the model, the corneal tissue culture showed the growth of Fusarium solani.The successful rate of modeling was 86%.Conclusions The tree shrew model of Fusarium solani keratitis is established by injecting spores of Fusarium solani into the cornea.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods The imaging fingdings of 18 tumors which were pathologically diagnosed as HAML after surgery were analyzed retrospectively.Before operation,twelve and ten patients underwent CT and MRI non-contrast and dynamic enhanced scans,respectively,and 4 patients received both examinations.The imaging characteristics including the number,diameter,location,appearance of the lesions,plain and dynamic enhancement mode were analyzed.Results Eighteen HAML lesions were found in 18 patients with a diameter ranging from 1.5 cm to 17.2 cm (mean 5.3 cm).Five lesions manifested fatty content,and one showed hemorrhage and necrosis.Five HAMLs enhanced in a fast-in and fast-out mode,eleven in a fast-in and slow-out mode and two other lesions in an irregularly discrete mode.The arterial supply was found in 11 HAMLs in the hepatic arterial phase,all coming from intrahepatic arteries.Intratumoral vessels were observed in 12 HAMLs.Early draining veins to the hepatic vein (n =3) and portal vein (n =1) were detected in 4 HAMLs.One lesion demonstrated delayed enhancement in the pseudocapsule.Conclusion The detection of arterial supply and intratumoral vessels in a hypervascular hepatic tumor on contrast CT and MRI in a patient with a non-cirrhotic liver and normal AFP helps to make a diagnosis of HAML.

Objective To study the antagonistic effects of magnesium-selenium-fluorine preparation on dental fluorosis of mice and its mechanism,and to provide a foundational basis for prevention and control of dental fluorosis.Methods Eighty male SPF ICR mice,were divided into 8 groups according to body weight by random number table method:control group,magnesium group,selenium group,magnesium-selenium group,fluoride group,magnesium-fluorine group,selenium-fluorine group and magnesium-selenium-fluorine group.The control group,magnesium group,selenium group and magnesium-selenium group drank double steamed water,and the other four groups drank 50 mg/L F-double steamed water.The control group and fluoride group fed conventionally.Magnesium group and magnesium-fluorine group fed conventionally by adding MgSO4·7H2O 162.5 mg/kg.Selenium group andselenium-fluorine group fed conventionally by adding Na2SeO3 ·5H2O 2.0 mg/kg.Magnesium-selenium group and magnesium-selenium-fluorine group fed conventionally by adding MgSO4·7H2O 162.5 mg/kg and Na2SeO3·5H2O 2.0mg/kg.Then incisor specimens were obtained after the mice were put into death after treatment for 42 days.The expression of amelogenin was observed with immunohistochemical staining.And gray value is expressed as a result,the greater the gray value,the less protein expression.Results The results of light microscope showed that ameloblasts in the fluoride group showed disarrangement and even had vacuolar.The change of ameloblasts in the magnesium-selenium-fluorine group had no significant difference with control group.The expressions of amelogenin in enamel matrix of fluoride group (131.03 ± 11.14) was significantly higher than those of others (control group:143.44 ± 2.52,magnesium group:143.73 ± 12.43,selenium group:148.89 ± 2.85,magnesium-selenium group:148.38 ± 7.58,magnesium-fluorine group:145.90 ± 7.00,selenium-fluorine group:148.70 ± 4.90,and magnesiumselenium-fluorine group:151.89 4± 4.59,all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of amelogenin in ameloblast of fluoride group (165.49 ± 5.66) was significantly lower than those of control group,magnesium group,magnesium-fluorine group and selenium group (151.35 ± 2.52,149.27 ± 11.13,146.21 ± 4.84 and 150.39 ± 6.65,all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of amelogenin in ameloblast of selenium-fluorine group (165.46 ± 5.81) was significantly lower than those of magnesium group,magnesium-fluorine group and selenium group (all P ＜ 0.05).The results of factorial analysis showed that magnesium and selenium affected the expression of amelogenin in enamel matrix (F =4.195,15.009,all P ＜ 0.05),the interaction between fluoride and magnesium had an effect on the expression of amelogenin in enamel matrix (F =4.402,P ＜ 0.05).Interaction of fluoride,magnesium and selenium had no effect on the expression of amelogenin in enamel matrix (F =1.561,P ＞ 0.05).The fluoride,magnesium and selenium affected the expression of amelogenin in ameloblast (F =18.463,9.372,4.741,all P ＜ 0.05),the interactions between fluoride and magnesium,magnesium and selenium had effects on the expression of amelogenin in ameloblast (F =10.351,5.919,all P ＜ 0.05).Interaction of fluoride,magnesium and selenium had no effect on the expression of amelogenin in ameloblast (F =1.460,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions There is an antagonistic effect of magnesium on the expression of enamel protein in fluorosis mice.However,it can not be considered that there is an effect of selenium on the expression of enamel protein in fluorosis mice.

Since 2010,the activities of high quality nursing service demonstration project were carried out in the national health system,its main purpose is to strengthen the nursing foundation,and provide satisfactory service.By conducting these activities,significant achievements have been made,such as improved nursing quality,reduced nurse-patient disputes.However,in the process of implementation,there are stillsome problems for us to think about and solve.In this paper,there is a brief commentary about the results of high quality nursing implementation and related issues.

Objective To isolate and identify viruses from fecal samples of tree shrew with diarrhea.Methods Fecal sample supernatant of tree shrew with diarrhea was inoculated to three cell lines ( Vero, LLC-MK2 and KMB17 ) , and the cytopathic effects on the cells were observed.The infectious particles in the culture supernatant were further ana-lyzed by transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) , genomic RNA-PAGE, rotavirus detection kit, amplification of S1 com-plete segment and bioinformatics analysis.Results Constant cytopathic effects were induced in Vero, LLC-MK2 and KMB17 cell lines after three passages of culture.The results from TEM, RNA-PAGE and rotavirus analysis indicated that they belong to reoviruses.Analysis of the S1 segments revealed that the S1 sequence from KMB17 cell culture had the high-est homology with that of prototype isolate T1L (85%nucleotide homology and 90%amino acid homology), therefore this isolate was named as type I reovirus.The other two S1 sequences from LLC-MK2 and Vero cell culture were identical to have 85%nucleotide homology and 92%amino acid homology with the prototype isolate T3D, named as type III reovirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates in this study are evolutionally adapted to tree shrews.Conclusions It is the first report here that 2 genotypes of Tupaia orthoreovirus are isolated and identified from one fecal sample via three cell lines and viral S1-specific primers, which provides useful guidelines for the isolation and identification of other reoviruses from tree shrew or other hosts.

Objective To screen out specific microsatellite markers for use in Tupaia belangeri chinensis genetic testing. Methods Firstly to screen about 700 microsatellite loci from whole genome.Secondly to choose about 100 better loci without defect factors.Lastly 46 primers were designed by 33 tree shrew’ s microsatellite loci obtained from whole genome and other references.Agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for PCR products, and better loci based on electrophoresis results were chosen.Then STR scan was used to select the microsatellite loci combination for genetic testing.Results Twenty-two microsatellite loci were selected with a significant Stutter peak on STR scanning.Comparing the alternative loci and ultimately selected loci, there were two loci available in the five alternative loci of T.glis.The coincidence rate between T.glis and T.b.chinensis was 40%.There were two loci available in the five alternative loci of T.minor, and the coincidence rate between T.minor and T.b.chinensis was 40%.There were two loci available in the three alternative loci of T.belangeri, and the coincidence rate between T.belangeri and T.b. chinensis was about 70%.Conclusions The 22 microsatellite loci screened in this study are well applied for genetic testing of Tupaia belangeri chinensis, therefore, provide a scientific basis for the genetic quality monitoring of tree shrews.

Objective To study the isolation,culture, adipogenic and osteogenic induction Tupaia bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs).Method The BM-MSCs from tupaia were isolated and expended by combination of gradient centrifugation and adherence culture , then subcultured and observed for morphology under inverted phase contrast microscope.BM-MSCs were induced to adipocytes .and osteoblasts in vitro Result Cells were spindle or triangle-shaped, and clone proliferation .Cells were successfully induced into adipocytes .and osteoblasts Conclusions The method of isolation BM-MSCs from tupaia by combination of gradient centrifugation and adherence culture is simple and feasible , BM-MSCs have differentiation potential into adipocytes and osteoblasts .

Tree shrews get more and more concerns due to many of its physiological , biochemical and anatomical characteristics similar to those of human beings .Therefore, tree shrews models of human diseases such as viral diseases , neurological diseases and tumors attract more and more attention of researchers .In this article we will review the recent ad-vances in application of tree shrew models in research on human viral diseases .

Viral hepatitis is a major liver disease caused by virus infection .Viral hepatitis is popular in China , mainly caused by hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses .Experimental animal model is a necessary platform for the research on mechanism of viral infection and pathogenicity , for treatment and vaccine development .Up to date, a great progress in the development of viral hepatitis animal models has been achieved in spite of the most of findings are limited to hepatitis B and C.Here, we summarize the recent findings of viral hepatitis animal models , focusing on the tree shrew animal model and its modeling strategy .

Objective To investigate the expression of glucose transporter type 1(GLUT-1)and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α in psoriatic lesions,and to explore their correlations with keratinocyte proliferation.Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 patients with psoriasis and 20 normal human controls.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine the protein expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α in these specimens.Results GLUT-1 and HIF-1α were mainly expressed in the basal layer of the control skin,but throughout the whole epidermis of psoriatic lesions.A significant increase was observed in the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α in psoriatic lesions compared with that in the control skin (botb P＜0.01).In the case of psoriatic lesions,both the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α was positively correlated with that of Ki-67(r=0.70,0.81 respectively,both P＜0.01),and positive correlation was also found between the expression of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α(r=0.85.P＜0.01).Conclusion Our data suggest that uprcgulation Of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α expression in psoriatic lesions might contribute to the proliferation of keratinocytes and psoriasis development.