The abnormal gait after stroke was mainly related to the decreasing strength with increasing tension of paretic lower limb muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can respond to the neuromuscular function, that is valuable for abnormal gait analysis for stroke patients. This paper mainly introduced the anatomical basis with sEMG features of walking, the performance of abnormal gait and ab-normal gait analysis based on sEMG. It focused on the advances of sEMG in the analysis of temporal patterns and activating characteristics of muscles associated with abnormal gait, as well as abnormal gait pattern.

Fall has seriously impaired the quality of life of old people. The main risk factors for fall in the old people are concerned with balance dysfunction which is caused by ageing. Taiji Quan exercise can promote the lower limb muscle strength, proprioception, neuro-muscular reaction, gait and cognition of the old people, that plays a role in fall prevention.

Surface electromyography (sEMG), as an objective and quantitive assessment tool, has been used to evaluate the hand neural- muscle dysfunction after stroke in recent years. This paper reviews related literatures in nearly 10 years, which mainly introduced the common parameters of sEMG for the hand neural-muscle function, focused on the application of sEMG to estimate hand neural-muscle dysfunction after stroke.

The surface electromyography (sEMG) is the noninvasive method which can record and measure the changes of local muscle activities. The sEMG's amplitude and frequence signal will change with muscular movement. sEMG application in present study on muscle fatigue is a reliable predictor of muscle functional level. The researches on the sEMG signals changes of limb muscles of hemiplegic patients will take a important role in providing scientific evidence for the neural rehabilitation training after stroke.

Objective To explore the characteristics of muscular power changes of knee joint and static balance in the elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods Isokinetic test and computerized static posturography were performed in 59 patients with KOA(KOA group) and 50 age-matched controlled subjects(conrtol group). The parameters were recorded.Results Peak torque, total work, average power and torque acceleration energy significantly decreased in KOA group compared with the control group at the low velocity of concentric pattern(P<0.05), while hamstring/quadriceps value increased statistically(P<0.05);The values of covered area, length of path, length/area statistically increased in KOA group compared with the control group only when eyes closed (P<0.01), and so did it in KOA group when eyes closed compared with eyes opened(P<0.05); There was significant relationship between length/area and hamstring/quadriceps value.Conclusion The ability of balance declined as knee muscular power decreased in the patients with KOA, especially the non-spontaneous decrease of extensor and flexor power of the knee joint.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of exercise on learning-memory of space and in aged rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods 20 SD rats at the age of 20 months with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group (n=10) received regularly exercise, while the control group (n=10) exercised freely. Morris water maze was tested 1 week after exercise, and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression on the ischemic side of the hippocampus were detected.Results The latency in the 2nd round decreased (P<0.05) and the path line on the platform increased (P<0.05) in the experimental group in Morris water maze test (P<0.05), while the BDNF mRNA increased (P<0.01), compared with control group. Conclusion Regular exercise can improve space learning-memory ability of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion aged rats, which may associate with increased BDNF mRNA expression in hippocampus.

Objective To explore the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on balance function of stroke patients in community. Methods 204 stroke patients in community were divided into control group (n=98) and observation group (n=106). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation and the observation group received PNF additionally. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower extremities (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and static balance locator were used to evaluate the motor and balance function before and 3 months after treatment. Results The scores of FMA and BBS were higher after treatment than before (P<0.05) in both groups, and were higher in observation group than in control group (P<0.05). The length of path (L), covered area (A) and L/A were less in observation than in control group (P<0.05) both in the eye-open and eye-closed modes. Conclusion PNF can improve the lower extremities motor and balance function of stroke patients in community.

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) techniques on lower limb motor function of strokes and its mechanism.MethodsWe used simple random sampling and cross-section survey design. PNF Contract Relax Agonist Contract(PNF-CRAC) techniques were applied to 44 stroke patients. Surface electromyography values(sEMG) was recorded from rectus femoris and hamstring of stroke patients with both low limbs. ResultsPNF-CRAC techniques not only caused the irradiation of muscles activities in the contralateral extremity during unilateral exercise, but also increased agonist EMG activities and the motor control of knee joint in strokes.ConclusionPNF-CRAC techniques can improve the knee stability and enhance the recovery of motor function in paretic lower limb.

Objective To study the effects of rehabilitation interventions on the earthquake injured to reduce the incidences of disability,to improve the recovery of overall function of the wounded in the earthquake and to guarantee their return to family and society.Methods The rehabilitation team·work provided one-month comprehensive intervention on 92 fracture patients after earthquake and assessed with scale of participate and activities ability,before,after and in the middle of intervention.Results The ability of understanding and communication,moving body,taking care of oneself,getting along with others,undertaking daily activities.social participating and the scores from the scale of participate and activities ability improved significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Rehabilitation interventions with team-work can effectively enhance the abilities of the earthquake injured to participate in activities and improve quality of life.

Balance dysfunction in stroke was mainly caused by proprioception disorder, visual impairment, vestibular dysfunction, poor integration function in the central nervous system, core muscle strength decrease, and decrease in muscle coordination ability and cognitive dysfunction. This article described how to improve the balance function of patients from pathological factors, and systematically reviewed the latest research progress in the treatment of balance disorder after stroke. The clinical exercise therapy and the use of computers and other high-tech treatment can effectively improve the balance function of patients. These methods should be combined according to the pathologi-cal factors of patients with balance disorders.