Objective To investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on spatial learning,memory and the expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in rats after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into group T (n =10,undergoing TBI modelling operation and 4 weeks' treadmill exercise training beginning at 48 h after the operation),group C (n =10,undergoing TBI modelling operation and no exercise training) and group N (n =10,undergoing sham operation and no exercise training).Morris water maze(MWM)was used to test rats' abilities of spatial learning and memory.The number of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampus was measured with immunohistochemistry.Results In the orientational navigation test,the escape latency period was gradually shortened for rats in all groups.At the second training week,the average time of group T(88.54 ±5.73 s) became shorter than that in group C (91.45 ± 8.91 s).At the fourth week,however,the difference [(55.33 ± 6.77 s) vs (74.53 ± 6.85 s)] was significant(P ＜ 0.01).Group N (88.44 ±7.79 s,79.52 ± 8.02 s,69.54 ± 10.14 s and 62.49 ± 7.22 s respectively) also improved significantly more than group C (98.99 ± 6.84 s,91.45 ± 8.91 s,79.65 ± 12.47 s and 74.53 ± 6.85 s respectively) from week 1 to 4 (P ＜ 0.01).The average number of times of passing through the platform area of group N in four weeks (3.00 ± 0.54,3.38 ± 0.74,4.38 ± 1.06 and 6.00 ± 0.76 respectively) and group T from the second week on(3.25 ± 1.28,5.00 ± 0.93 and 5.88 ± 0.99 respectively) were significantly higher than that of group C (1.25 ± 0.71,1.50 ± 0.54,2.13 ± 1.25 and 3.00 ± 0.54 respectively) accordingly (P ＜ 0.01).At the week four,the average number of BDNF-positive cells in group T(128.56 ± 7.93) were significantly larger than that in group C and group N (P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference was noted between group N and group C (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Treadmill exercise could improve the spatial learning and memory of rats after mild traumatic brain injury.This may be related with the up-regulation of expression of BDNF in the hippocampus.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) in the treatment of swallowing disorder caused by Wallenberg syndrome dorsal lateral syndrome,and to find new treatment for this kind of patients.Methods:60 cases of Wallenberg syndrome dorsal lateral syndrome were selected and randomly divided into the IOE group and the NGT group.All the patients were given swallowing function training based on controlling of the primary diseases,intervene modifiable risk factors and stroke prevention.The nutrition index and swallowing function were evaluated and compared in 24h after admission and 6 weeks after treatment.Results:Compared with the NGT group,the nutrition and swallowing function in IOE group were better.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding is more conducive to the improvement of nutrition and swallowing function in patients with Wallenberg syndrome than NGT.

Objective:To explore the effect of breathing exercises on motor, balance, respiration and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with Parkinson′s disease.Methods:Sixty patients with idiopathic Parkinson′s disease who met the inclusion criteria were divided at random into a control group and a treatment group, each of 30. Both groups received routine drug therapy and 60 minute of rehabilitation training daily, including core muscle group control training, relaxation training, joint motion training, posture training, balance function training, gait training and facial muscle control training. There were 3 sessions a week for 24 weeks. The treatment group was also given breathing exercises, including training in abdominal breathing with the expiration time twice the inspiration time and inspiratory muscle training. The abdominal breathing training included 15 abdominal breaths, repeated twice after a 2-minute break; the inspiratory muscle training required 10 respirations and expirations at the maximum volume, repeated twice after an interval of 2 minutes. The training lasted 24 weeks, five times a week. The subjects′ motor functioning, balance, walking, respiration and daily living ability were evaluated before the treatment and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment using the Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (part III) (UPDRS ⅲ), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), walking distance and the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and their ratio (FEV 1%) were also observed. Results:After 12 weeks of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the average UPDRS iii, BBS, 6MWT, MBI, FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1% results of both groups, but the improvement in the treatment group was significantly greater on average. After another twelve week the average UPDRS iii, BBS, 6MWT, MBI, FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1% results of the treatment group had improved significantly more than those of the control group. Conclusion:Breathing exercises can significantly improve the motor function, balance, walking, respiratory function and ADL ability of persons with Parkinson′s disease.